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World War I Causes

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Started on July 28, 1914 Ended November 11, 1918 Almost 8 million died because of the war Russia having the most : 1.7 million 22,000,000 wounded MAP OF EUROPE GREATLY CHANGED

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German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist & revolutionary Ideas created foundation of communism Argued capitalism would produce internal tension and lead to destruction. Created The Communist Manifesto (1848)

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Wrote: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 1859 All plants and animals have evolved over a long period of time Those who survived had adapted to the environment The Descent of Man, 1871 Ideas highly controversial; gradually accepted

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Now for a bit of humor The continuing Evolution of man

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The Causes of World War I M ilitarism A lliances I mperialism N ationalism

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Militarism - Building up weapons and forces to get ready for war

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Germany was competing with the UK to build battleships The British feared an attack on their Empire, so they built even more battleships

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Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies

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World War I was the first war in which advanced weaponry and tactics were used There was a race for creating more weapons of mass destruction among nations There was a desire to create a large amount of weapons as well as building up a nations army and navy

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Nation# of aircraft in 1914Size of Army in 1914# of soldiers who fought in war Austria-Hungary343 million7.8 million Britain110975 0008.9 million France1604 million8.4 million Germany2464.5 million11 million Russia3006 million12 million United States200 0004.4 million

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Alliances Alliance - Agreement or promise to defend and help another country, with military help if necessary

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Alliances Aid Supporting another country with the use of goods Treaty An agreement to not attack each other

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Alliances By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system of alliances. The alliances made it more likely that a war would start. Once started, the alliances made war more likely to spread.

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Alliances By 1907, Europe was divided into two armed and rather fearful camps

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Alliances Triple AllianceTriple Entente Germany Austria- Hungary Italy Great Britain France Russia

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Alliances

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Imperialism - When one country takes over another territory to try to build up an Empire Empire Where a powerful country controls several less powerful countries

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All the great powers were competing for colonies and territory The fiercest competition was between Britain and Germany and between France and Germany

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Great Britain, Germany and France needed foreign markets after the increase in manufacturing caused by the Industrial Revolution. These countries competed for economic expansion in Africa. Clash of France against Germany and Britain in North Africa

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The British did not want Germany involved in Africa

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In the Middle East, the crumbling Ottoman Empire was alluring to Austria- Hungary, the Balkans and Russia The Austrians did not want Serbia or Russia in the Balkans

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Nationalism Nationalism having pride in your country, willing to defend it Annex to add as an extra part Think: What are some holidays where people celebrate pride in their heritage?

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Nationalism This was an age when all nations wanted to assert their power and independence Ottoman Empire ruled the Balkan area for 400 years

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Nationalism The Balkan Area Balkans Albanians, Greeks, Romanians, and Slav Slavs in Austria-Hungary, aided by Serbia and Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule Each group was struggling for their own independence

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Nationalism Bosnia AArea of great hostility AAustria- Hungary annexed Bosnia as one of its territories in 1908 SSerbia was newly independent and thought that Bosnia should be one of their territories THIS BECAME AN AREA OF CONFLICT

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Kaiser Wilhelm II Aggressive foreign policy wanted Germany to be a Bully Built up German army and navy Determined to make Germany a top nation Distrusted by other powers Germany must have its place in the sun The world belongs to the strong.

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Count Berchtold Austrian Foreign Minister, later Prime Minister Hated Serbia, wanted a reason to have a war with them

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The Spark

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June 28, 1914 Heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand, visits Sarajevo Sarajevo was the capital of Bosnia, recently grabbed by Austria Sarajevo was the center of Slav nationalism

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THE BLACK HAND Black Hand: Serbian nationalist group The main objective of the Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence, of a Greater Serbia. Seal of the Black Hand group

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Black Hand terrorists attack on the Arch Duke Bomb attempt in the morning fails to kill the Arch Duke Later in the day, Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip shoots Archduke and his wife

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Austrians blame Serbia for supporting terrorists Austrians, supported by Germany, send Serbia a tough ultimatum Serbia agrees to all but two terms of the ultimatum Russia prepares troops to support Serbia

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Germany demands that the Russian army stand down Germany declares war on Russia

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Domino Effect Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for Ferdinands death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria Hungary. Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

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Domino Effect Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France. Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

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