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Acknowledgements
This document was inspired by Wolf Parks (4004 E 800 N !attle "round #N 4$%&0
www'wolfpark'or) Wolf Ethoram (*e+ised &00&) used as a te,t for the Wolf Etholoy
course tauht by the #nternational Wolf -enter (./% 1wy .% Ely 2N 33$/.)'
Ethorams are desined to code beha+ior and create consistency for obser+ers describinanimal beha+ior' #n the interest of maintainin consistency for comparati+e analysis
components of the -enters !eha+ioral nalysis were deri+ed +erbatim from the WolfPark Ethoram' While this document reflects the type of beha+ior +iewed at the
#nternational Wolf -enter Wolf Parks Ethoram is more inclusi+e and describes the full
compliment of beha+iors found in both capti+e and wild wolf etholoical studies' copyof the Wolf Park Ethoram is a+ailable for purchase at the Wolf Park ift store or on line
at www'wolfpark'or'
The authors wish to acknowlede and thank the #nternational Wolf -enters Wolf -are5taff and the &004 Pup Nannies for the effort i+en in ac6uirin photoraphs and +ideo
from which the illustrations of the beha+iors ha+e been deri+ed' The photoraphy creditsare listed in the appendices'
This document is the result of many hours of work by Wolf -are Team 2ember nn
*asberry' Without her dedication and commitment to the -enters wol+es this documentwould not e,ist'
Cover photo credits:
.) #W- &) #W- /) 5herry 7okinen 4) #W- 3) Nancy o
Tubbs ) #W- $) 5herry 7okinen 8) 9elly "odfrey %)
#W- .0) 5herry 7okinen ..) #W-
#nternational Wolf -enter Ely 2innesota :5 ii
http://www.wolfpark.org/http://www.wolfpark.org/http://www.wolfpark.org/http://www.wolfpark.org/8/10/2019 Wolf Center Info.biology
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Introduction
The #nternational Wolf -enter (#W-) ad+ances the sur+i+al of wolf populations by
teachin about wol+es their relationship to wild lands and the human role in their future'
To accomplish this mission the #W- conducts amon other acti+ities; onsite educational
prorams offsite ad+enture prorams a 6uarterly maa they are neutered and spayed> pack composition is
controlled> the wol+es are sociali interactions outside the pack are restricted> and the
beha+iors (and thus the analysis) are not representati+e of wild wol+es'
ll attempts were made to incorporate the nomenclature used by Wolf Park to facilitate
potential comparisons of ethorams as appropriate' This is not meant to be an e,act
replica of the Wolf Park ethoram because of the +ery different circumstancessurroundin the ambassador wol+es at the #W-' !ecause the emphasis is on the
interactions rather than e+ery beha+ioral nuance a set of enerali
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The Retired Pack
Bucas 2ac9en
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#nternational Wolf -enter Ely 2innesota :5 +
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C*DT DA* #W- #NTE*NB :5E ANB
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Identifying the Exhiit Pack
This section pro+ided recent (uust throuh Actober &004) pictures and cues for
identifyin the indi+iduals for the beha+ioral obser+ation team members' dditional
materials will be de+eloped to assist obser+ers at the #W- with identification as the pupsrow into adults'
The E,hibit Pack is the reference for the wol+es in the main enclosure' The indi+iduals of
this pack may +ary as wol+es ae and new wolf pups are sociali
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"alik
Photo credit; llen !rown Photo credit; 9elly "odfrey
Photo credit; 5herry 7okinen Photo credit; 5herry 7okinen
2alik born 2ay 8 &000 is one of the two rctic subspecies of ray wolf in the e,hibitpack and has the characteristic by the white pelae' dapted to their northern climate
arctic wol+es ha+e rounder ears shorter les shorter mu
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#ri$$er
Photo credit; llen !rown Photo credit; #W- Photo credit; #W-
"ri
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%yssa
Photo credit; #W- Photo credit; #W- Photo credit; 5herry 7okinen
Nyssa is related to "ri
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The Photography
n attempt was made to facilitate the description of each of the beha+iors with photos of
the members of the #nternational Wolf -enter wolf packs' 5ome beha+iors are se6uencesso a sinle photo will not work> in some cases consecuti+e frames from +ideo footae has
been pro+ided' #t should be noted that some photos taken out of conte,t may be
misleadin'
The photos included are from participants of a +ariety of proram acti+ities held at #W-
most notably the nanny proram durin the summer of &004' #W- obtained permission
for use of the photos' list of photoraphers follows and their photo credits may befound in ppendi, .'
#nternational Wolf -enter (#W-) 5taff
9yle llen
llen !rown9elly "odfrey5haron 1aller
!ruce 7ohnson
5herry 7okinenCou 2cBauhlin
7anet Narron
*honda A"radynn *asberry
Nancy o Tubbs
1eather HHH (1W)
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&olf Topography
2any of the beha+ioral descriptions included in this ethoram contain references to the
anatomy of the wolf' :sin 2alik these terms are illustrated here'
scruff
cowlick hackles = most
common on the
neck but mayoccur on the
midback base
of tail and tail
base of tail
owls
Precaudelscent land
mu
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