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Why Fuel Cells?
The need is clear and well recognized for clean, safe, and
reliable forms of energy that can provide
prescribed levels of power consistently, and on
demand.Yet, most forms of non-combustion electric
generation have limitations that impact widespread use of
the technology, especially as a primary
source of electric power (i.e., baseload power). Solar
energy, for example, depends on the sun.
Extended days of cloudy skies can severely limit the
generation of electricity, and power availability
Is generally considered to be between 25 to 35%.Windturbines are designed to turn kinetic energy
into electricity.They too, depend on factors that cannot be
controlled. In this case, the presence of
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wind and a certain minimum wind velocity are required.
As a result, power availability is judged to
be in the range of 30 to 35%.Geothermal sources require
heat energy from underground geothermalFields, which mean they are restricted to certain
geographic locations. Similarly, hydroelectric
Plants are confined to locations near major rivers and are
also somewhat constrained by nature.
Thus, without adequate and consistent sun, wind, heat,
and water flow, such sources of power
Generation are limited by the whims of nature and cannot
be considered as reliable sources of energy.
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Basic fuel cell. The ionic current varies with type:
in solid oxide cells, for instance, oxygen ions
travel from cathode to anode.. For example, in a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel
cell, the hydrogen passes 1) through 'serpentine'
channels that maximize its contact with 2) a porous
medium, through which it diffuses to 3) the catalyst
layer (platinum on nano-sized carbon particles)where it loses electrons then conducts as protons
through 4) the polymer membrane to meet oxygen
arriving through similar layers on the other side
(layers which also conduct away water and heat,
while keeping the membrane wet).
Uses :-
Fuel cells and emissions reduction
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A fuel cell is an electrochemical device which, at its
simplest, converts hydrogen and oxygen into water,
along the way generating electricity and water. As
such, fuel cells can be used to power any device
which requires electricity.
Fuel cells for portable devices show a great deal of
market potential, particularly in ensuring a long
running time and grid-independence of consumer
electronics gadgets. Longer-term, large-scale fuelcell power plants offer low emissions and very high
efficiency power generation for a range of
applications while fuel cell cars, when fuelled with
renewable hydrogen, offer zero emissions (other
than water).
ImplicationsThe fuel cell sector faces a once in a lifetime
opportunity to make a viable business case for its
role in both economic and environmental
sustainability. This is primarily in emerged
markets such as Europe, Japan and North America
where job creation and emissions reduction are key;Fuel cell technology has the potential to reduce
CO2 and regulated pollutant emissions, as well as
improves operating efficiency of various
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applications. In job creation terms, on current
projections the industry is capable of generating over
1 million new jobs, although some of these may be
in non-traditional regions;
o India, along with certain other emerging markets,has the low cost, high volume manufacturing,
domestic market size and the potential to export
that could make it a significant challenger to North
America and Europe as centres for fuel cell
manufacturing;The Middle East, driven by a desire to diversify
its economies, could also be a substantial adopter
of fuel cells, particularly as part of renewable
energy systems.
First the Hydrogen deal:Lets get the facts straight. Water is H2O aka- 2parts
Hydrogen, 1part Oxygen combined together. When
put under electrolysis or electrosis these molecules
split forming a gas known as HHO which is a very
explosive and powerful gas. The smallest of sparks
can ignite the gas and if stored into container which
for some reason caught fire the result could be fatal.No need to get scared though, if the proper
precautions are made, no danger is to be seen.HHO is
about 3 times more powerful than gasoline vapor.
Meaning 1L of HHO would give your vehicle 300%
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more power than 1L of gasoline vapor. But feeding an
engine pure hho would destroy it due to the fact
timing is advanced (spark before TDC) on most
vehicles but needs to be retarded (spark after TDC).Also the temperature at which HHO Burns is melting
point of the metal it touches. SO...your valves and
head would burn through in a matter of weeks.
Also in diesel engines if you completely remove
diesel from an engine the upper cylinder gets no
lubrication and will wear out your piston rings
FAST.Getting enough HHO to power a car is pretty
hard if not impossible. Explanation: a 2 cylinder 1L
engine uses 1L of air per 4 revolutions (rpm).
Gasoline is injected as a mist which turns into a vapor
instantly at a ratio of 15 parts air to one part vapor.
Which is .07 L. At 2000 RMP the engine uses 1/2L of
vapor per SECOND. HHO is already one part oxygento two parts hydrogen so too much air would thin it
out too much and give no
So we use HHO to Boost the efficiency of our gasoline
engine, giving it pure hydrogen and oxygen to let the
fuel burn better. This is where the good part starts.
Most sellers are selling systems that give less than 1/2LPM of HHO. When mixed with the air going to the
engine that makes NOTHING. 1/10-1/2 LPM of HHO
will do some good for a small engine like 50CC-2.0L
again more HHO to the bigger engine. Any engine
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over this size needs 1+ LPM. A lot of the sellers dont
even know how much their system makes! They say
"ALOT" but in reality all the cells I have tested that
seemed to make alot, made 1/4-3/4 LPM. If the kitsupplies gas via an aquarium air line, the system
makes nothing, trust me. LOOK OUT FOR THE
GAS OUTPUT. I recommend .5-1.0LPM per Liter of
engine displacement. Example: 2.0L vehicle should
have a 1-2LPM generator for good increase in
economy.
Second, if a system uses a lot of AMPS, it will fry
your alternator and battery in no time which no one
will tell you though. Look out for systems that draw
over 15AMPs but put out less than 1LPM.
Energy storage including Fuel cellsThe economic feasibility of large stationary fuel cell
systems for combined heat and power is one key
area that needs improvement. Scale of economies
with an increase in customer demand is understood,
but here in California it may be the emission offsets
that contribute significantly to the. Fuel cells canbecome a substitute technology for meeting thermal
energy needs. Interestingly enough, it is wastewater
treatment plants that have seen the most growth in
http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/category/66/energy-storage-including-fuel-cells/http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/category/66/energy-storage-including-fuel-cells/http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/category/66/energy-storage-including-fuel-cells/8/2/2019 Why Fuel Cells
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deployment of large stationary fuel cells (mostly
with Fuel Cell Energy technologies) in California.
Thank you
Project made by: ROUSHAN PRAKASH SINGH
& AKASH JADHAV
CLASS:-9th Y
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