Why Fuel Cells

8/2/2019 Why Fuel Cells

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Why Fuel Cells?

The need is clear and well recognized for clean, safe, and

reliable forms of energy that can provide

prescribed levels of power consistently, and on

demand.Yet, most forms of non-combustion electric

generation have limitations that impact widespread use of

the technology, especially as a primary

source of electric power (i.e., baseload power). Solar

energy, for example, depends on the sun.

Extended days of cloudy skies can severely limit the

generation of electricity, and power availability

Is generally considered to be between 25 to 35%.Windturbines are designed to turn kinetic energy

into electricity.They too, depend on factors that cannot be

controlled. In this case, the presence of


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wind and a certain minimum wind velocity are required.

As a result, power availability is judged to

be in the range of 30 to 35%.Geothermal sources require

heat energy from underground geothermalFields, which mean they are restricted to certain

geographic locations. Similarly, hydroelectric

Plants are confined to locations near major rivers and are

also somewhat constrained by nature.

Thus, without adequate and consistent sun, wind, heat,

and water flow, such sources of power

Generation are limited by the whims of nature and cannot

be considered as reliable sources of energy.


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Basic fuel cell. The ionic current varies with type:

in solid oxide cells, for instance, oxygen ions

travel from cathode to anode.. For example, in a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel

cell, the hydrogen passes 1) through 'serpentine'

channels that maximize its contact with 2) a porous

medium, through which it diffuses to 3) the catalyst

layer (platinum on nano-sized carbon particles)where it loses electrons then conducts as protons

through 4) the polymer membrane to meet oxygen

arriving through similar layers on the other side

(layers which also conduct away water and heat,

while keeping the membrane wet).

Uses :-

Fuel cells and emissions reduction


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A fuel cell is an electrochemical device which, at its

simplest, converts hydrogen and oxygen into water,

along the way generating electricity and water. As

such, fuel cells can be used to power any device

which requires electricity.

Fuel cells for portable devices show a great deal of

market potential, particularly in ensuring a long

running time and grid-independence of consumer

electronics gadgets. Longer-term, large-scale fuelcell power plants offer low emissions and very high

efficiency power generation for a range of

applications while fuel cell cars, when fuelled with

renewable hydrogen, offer zero emissions (other

than water).

ImplicationsThe fuel cell sector faces a once in a lifetime

opportunity to make a viable business case for its

role in both economic and environmental

sustainability. This is primarily in emerged

markets such as Europe, Japan and North America

where job creation and emissions reduction are key;Fuel cell technology has the potential to reduce

CO2 and regulated pollutant emissions, as well as

improves operating efficiency of various


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applications. In job creation terms, on current

projections the industry is capable of generating over

1 million new jobs, although some of these may be

in non-traditional regions;

o India, along with certain other emerging markets,has the low cost, high volume manufacturing,

domestic market size and the potential to export

that could make it a significant challenger to North

America and Europe as centres for fuel cell

manufacturing;The Middle East, driven by a desire to diversify

its economies, could also be a substantial adopter

of fuel cells, particularly as part of renewable

energy systems.

First the Hydrogen deal:Lets get the facts straight. Water is H2O aka- 2parts

Hydrogen, 1part Oxygen combined together. When

put under electrolysis or electrosis these molecules

split forming a gas known as HHO which is a very

explosive and powerful gas. The smallest of sparks

can ignite the gas and if stored into container which

for some reason caught fire the result could be fatal.No need to get scared though, if the proper

precautions are made, no danger is to be seen.HHO is

about 3 times more powerful than gasoline vapor.

Meaning 1L of HHO would give your vehicle 300%


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more power than 1L of gasoline vapor. But feeding an

engine pure hho would destroy it due to the fact

timing is advanced (spark before TDC) on most

vehicles but needs to be retarded (spark after TDC).Also the temperature at which HHO Burns is melting

point of the metal it touches. SO...your valves and

head would burn through in a matter of weeks.

Also in diesel engines if you completely remove

diesel from an engine the upper cylinder gets no

lubrication and will wear out your piston rings

FAST.Getting enough HHO to power a car is pretty

hard if not impossible. Explanation: a 2 cylinder 1L

engine uses 1L of air per 4 revolutions (rpm).

Gasoline is injected as a mist which turns into a vapor

instantly at a ratio of 15 parts air to one part vapor.

Which is .07 L. At 2000 RMP the engine uses 1/2L of

vapor per SECOND. HHO is already one part oxygento two parts hydrogen so too much air would thin it

out too much and give no

So we use HHO to Boost the efficiency of our gasoline

engine, giving it pure hydrogen and oxygen to let the

fuel burn better. This is where the good part starts.

Most sellers are selling systems that give less than 1/2LPM of HHO. When mixed with the air going to the

engine that makes NOTHING. 1/10-1/2 LPM of HHO

will do some good for a small engine like 50CC-2.0L

again more HHO to the bigger engine. Any engine


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over this size needs 1+ LPM. A lot of the sellers dont

even know how much their system makes! They say

"ALOT" but in reality all the cells I have tested that

seemed to make alot, made 1/4-3/4 LPM. If the kitsupplies gas via an aquarium air line, the system

makes nothing, trust me. LOOK OUT FOR THE

GAS OUTPUT. I recommend .5-1.0LPM per Liter of

engine displacement. Example: 2.0L vehicle should

have a 1-2LPM generator for good increase in

economy.

Second, if a system uses a lot of AMPS, it will fry

your alternator and battery in no time which no one

will tell you though. Look out for systems that draw

over 15AMPs but put out less than 1LPM.

Energy storage including Fuel cellsThe economic feasibility of large stationary fuel cell

systems for combined heat and power is one key

area that needs improvement. Scale of economies

with an increase in customer demand is understood,

but here in California it may be the emission offsets

that contribute significantly to the. Fuel cells canbecome a substitute technology for meeting thermal

energy needs. Interestingly enough, it is wastewater

treatment plants that have seen the most growth in
http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/category/66/energy-storage-including-fuel-cells/http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/category/66/energy-storage-including-fuel-cells/http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/category/66/energy-storage-including-fuel-cells/


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deployment of large stationary fuel cells (mostly

with Fuel Cell Energy technologies) in California.

Thank you

Project made by: ROUSHAN PRAKASH SINGH

& AKASH JADHAV

CLASS:-9th Y

Why Fuel Cells

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