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Keyboard shortcuts let you speed up your daily web and computer
activities while taking the strain off your mouse-clicking wrist. WayneWilliams presents a bumper collection of time-saving tricks
BEST web & PCkeyboard shortcuts
100
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WEB & PC SHORTCUTS
Most of the following keyboard
shortcuts are universal and will
work in and across most Windows
programs, as well as the different
versions of Microsoft’s operating
system. You’ll probably know some
of these but it’s always handy to bereminded of their usefulness.
F1Get help
If you need
help in
Windows, or
assistance
with a
particular
program, hit
this key to
bring up the
relevant
support
option. The
results vary
depending on what program you’re
using because some software doesn’t
have dedicated help pages. If pressing
F1 doesn’t do anything, make sure the
Function lock on the keyboard is on.
F2Rename items
Trying to rename items can often lead
to launching them instead. Select a file
or folder, press the F2 key and you’ll be
able to rename that item instantly.
F5Refresh your viewRefreshes the currently selected
window or web page. Useful, for
example, if you’ve added a file to a
folder but the view hasn’t updated for
some reason.
F10Open menu options
This function key activates the menu bar
options. Press F10 followed by any
underlined letter (T for Tools for
example) to open that menu. Alt does
the same thing.
Shift+F10View right-click menuSelect a file or folder, and press this
keyboard combination to view the
context menu. It’s the keyboard
equivalent of right-clicking an item.
Ctrl+CCopy content
Along with Ctrl+V, this shortcut is oneof the most useful to know. Select
anything – some text or a file on the
Desktop for example – and hit these two
buttons to copy the content to the
Windows clipboard.
Ctrl+XCut contentThis works in the same way as Ctrl+C
except it moves the selected item to the
clipboard instead of copying it.
Ctrl+VPaste contentUsed in conjunction with Ctrl+C/Ctrl+X,
this shortcut will paste the copied
content to wherever your cursor is
positioned.
Ctrl+ZUndo actionWhen you make a mistake in an
application, this keyboard combination
will undo the last action. Keep hitting Z
while holding down the Control key and
consecutive actions will continue to
undo.
Ctrl+YRedo actionIf you undo an action using Ctrl+Z but
then change your mind, press these
buttons to replace what you’ve undone.
Ctrl+ASelect all
This shortcut will select all the items in
a folder, or all the text/graphics in a
document or on a web page.
Alt+TabSwitch between windows
Hold down Alt and hit the Tab key to
open the Windows program switcher.
With Alt still pressed, keep tapping Tab
to move through the list of open
windows. Let go of the keys when you
reach the application you want.
Ctrl+Windows key+TabSwitch between windows in 3DFlip 3D is an alternative task switcher
available in Windows 7 and Vista
ESSENTIALWINDOWSSHORTCUTS
ost of the following keyboard
shortcuts are universal and will
ork in and across most Windows
programs, as well as the different
ersions of Microsoft’s operating
system. You’ll probably know some
of these but it’s always handy to bereminded of their usefulness.
F1Get help
you need
hel in
example, if you’ve added a file to a
older but the view hasn’t updated
me reas n.
Open menu options
ESSENTIALWINDOWSSHORTCUTS
Performing common web and PC tasks with your
keyboard instead of your mouse can save you a
surprising amount of time. There are handy keyboard
shortcuts available for everything from editing content to
controlling programs and navigating web pages. For
example, you can use shortcuts to save half-written
messages in Gmail, add links to Word documents and
bookmark interesting websites.
Aside from helping you get things done faster and more
efficiently, keyboard shortcuts can also significantly reduce
the number of mouse-clicks you need to make, so you’re less
likely to develop repetitive strain injury (RSI). In this feature,
we present 100 of the most useful web, PC and Mac
shortcuts to save you time and effort when performing tasks
at your computer. We also show you how to create your own
shortcuts in our Mini Workshop on page 27.
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ADVANCEDWINDOWSSHORTCUTS
(provided you’re running Aero). Tap Tab
to flick through the open windows in 3D.
Ctrl+Alt+DelRestart WindowsKnown as the three-fingered salute, this
shortcut can be used to restart
Windows, launch the Task Manager, lockthe computer, switch users and change
your password.
Alt+F4Close programThis shortcut saves you having to move
your mouse to click the red ‘x’ in the
top-right corner of the window.
Ctrl+F4Close windowUseful if you have several different
documents open in a program and want
to close one of them.
Shift+DeleteDelete file permanentlyBypass the Recycle Bin by holding down
Shift when you delete an unwanted file
or folder.
Alt+F6Switch between programwindowsLets you switch between multiple
windows in the same program. If you
have more than one instance of your
web browser open, for example.
Alt+EnterView PropertiesSelect a file or folder and then use this
combination to open the Properties box
for it.
Windows key+RLaunch RunOpens the Run box, which lets you
launch system features such as the
Registry Editor (by typing in ‘regedit’
– without the quotes) and the System
Configuration Utility (by typing in
‘msconfig’ – without the quotes).
Windows key+ELaunch Windows ExplorerIf your keyboard has a Windows key,
pressing this combination will launch
Windows Explorer.
Windows key+DView DesktopA useful shortcut for when you need
quick access to the Desktop. Press it
once and Windows will instantly
minimise all the open programs and
folders. Press it again to restore them.
There are shortcuts for most
Windows tasks, including plenty
you may not even be aware of.
Here are some of the lesser-known
time-savers.
Ctrl+Shift+EscClose programsThe Windows Task Manager gives you
access to some useful information and
lets you
close
unresponsiveprograms.
You can
launch it by
right-clicking
the Taskbar
and
selecting
Start Task
Manager, but
this keyboard combination is a much
quicker alternative.
Shift x5Turn on Sticky KeysPress the Shift key five times in quick
succession to activate the Sticky Keys
function. This feature is designed to
make it easier to use the keyboard with
one hand because key combinations
can be entered one key at a time, rather
than being held down simultaneously.
Alt+Windows key+EnterLaunch Windows Media CenterPress these three keys together to
launch the Windows Media Center in
Vista or Windows 7. Press Alt+F4 to
close the program and return to your
Desktop.
Alt+Shift+Num Lock Turn on Mouse Keys
Mouse Keys lets you control your mouse
pointer using the numeric keypad on
your keyboard. You can toggle the
feature on or off using this shortcut.
Windows key+Shift+Left/RightMove between monitorsThis is a useful shortcut for anyone
running dual monitors in Windows 7 or
Vista. Select a window and press the
shortcut to move it from one screen to
the other.
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WEB & PC SHORTCUTS
WEBBROWSERSHORTCUTS
Most of the following browser
shortcuts will work in Internet
Explorer, Firefox and Chrome and
can significantly speed up your
online tasks.
Ctrl+TOpen tabOpens a new tab in your browser.
Ctrl+WClose tabAutomatically closes the current tab.
Ctrl+Shift+T
Reopen tabIf you close a tab by mistake, use this
shortcut to open it again.
Ctrl+Alt+F4Close all but one tabThis Internet Explorer-only shortcut
closes all open tabs with the exception
of the one you’re viewing.
Ctrl+TabSwitch tabJump from one open tab to another
without needing to click each one
individually.
Ctrl+1-9Select tab 1 to 9Hold down Ctrl and press the relevant
number to jump to a specific open tab.
For example, Ctrl+3 will open the third
tab from the left.
Ctrl+Shift+QView tab listDisplays your open tabs in a list – useful
if you’ve got so many open that you can
no longer see which pages they contain.
Ctrl+FFind
If you’re looking for a word or phrase on
a web page, this shortcut calls up the
Find box. Enter your search term to find
instances of it on the page. The same
shortcut also works in Microsoft Office.
Alt+NFind nextOnce you’ve found a searched-for word
with Find, this shortcut skips through
every instance of it on the page. This
only works in Firefox.
Ctrl+LAddress bar/OpenMoves the focus to the address bar in
Firefox and Chrome and highlights the
current URL. In Internet Explorer, it will
display the Open box.
Ctrl+IView bookmarks
Opens your Bookmarks in Firefox and
Favorites in Internet Explorer. There is
no equivalent shortcut in Chrome.
Ctrl+HView HistoryOpens your browsing history so you can
access sites you’ve visited previously.
Ctrl+DBookmark pageLets you bookmark the web page you
are viewing.
SpaceScroll down
Press Space on a website to scroll downthe screen one page at a time. Press
Shift+Space to scroll upwards.
Ctrl+EnterComplete web addressType a website’s name into the Address
bar and hit the keyboard combo. This
adds ‘http://www’ to the start of the
address and ‘.com’ to the end of it. For
another variation, try Ctrl+Shift+Enter.
This will add a preset (and possibly
different) suffix. You can change the
suffix in Firefox using the add-on URL
suffix (http://bit.ly/url257 ).
Ctrl++ZoomHold down Ctrl and press the ‘+’ key to
zoom in. Press ‘-’ to zoom out again.
Ctrl+Shift+PBrowse in PrivateTurns on In Private Browsing in IE and
Private Browsing in Firefox. This stops
the browser storing your web activities.
Ctrl+F5
Hard refreshThis causes your browser to reload a
page and download all the elements
again instead of simply pulling them
from the cache. This means you get the
most recent version of the page, with the
latest content, rather than a stored one.
EscStopStops the current page from loading
and freezes animated GIFs so you don’t
have to wait for every element of the
page to load when you only want to
check a certain part.
Alt+HomeGo HomeLoads your choice of browser
homepage in the current tab.
Ctrl+JView downloads or feedsOpens the download manager in Firefox
and Chrome, or the RSS web feeds list
in Internet Explorer.
F7Launch Caret BrowsingTurns on Caret Browsing in Firefox and
Internet Explorer (not Chrome). This
means that instead of browsing web
pages with your mouse, you can place a
cursor on the web page and navigate
around the text using the arrow keys on
your keyboard. It’s particularly useful if
you suffer from usability issues because
it takes the pressure off your wrist.
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Google’s webmail service
(http://mail.google.com) supports
keyboard shortcuts. You can turn
them on or off by going to Settings,
checking Keyboard Shortcuts
under the General tab and clicking
Save Changes.
CComposePress the C key while in any mailbox to
open the Compose Mail window.
Shift+CCompose in new window
Use this shortcut to open the Compose
Mail box in a new window. You’ll need to
allow pop-ups for Gmail for this work.
RReplyWhen you’ve finished reading a
message, hit the R key to reply to
the sender.
AReply to allIf you’d prefer to reply to all, hit the
letter A instead and your message will
be addressed to everyone in the thread.
FForwardYou can forward a message to someone
by pressing F and then entering the
recipients’ addresses in the To: box.
/ SearchTo find a message in your Inbox, hit
the forward-slash key to jump to the
search bar and then start typing a
sender’s name, or part of the message
subject or content.
!Send to Spam folderIf a piece of junk mail makes it through
to your Inbox, select it and hit the
exclamation mark key to move it to the
spam folder.
SStar conversation
To star a conversation for later viewing,select it and press S. If you have the
Superstars Labs feature enabled (you
can find this in the Labs section),
repeatedly tapping the key will cycle
through the available star icons.
YRemove from viewSelect one or more emails and press Y
to archive them (this removes them
from your Inbox, but they’ll still be
accessible in All Mail). The shortcut can
also be used to remove a star when
you’re in the Starred mailbox.
MMuteThis mutes a conversation. It will archive
the thread and prevent future replies
appearing in the Inbox unless expressly
sent to you.
+Mark If you’re using the Priority Inbox feature,
you can use this shortcut to mark any
email as important.
-Unmark Similarly, if Gmail promotes an
insignificant message in Priority Inbox,
you can demote its standing using the
minus key.
#DeleteSelect a message and hit hash to delete
it. The key can also be used to remove
unwanted contacts.
G+SGo to Starred
Press G and then S to go to the Starred
mailbox. This will show all the messages
you’ve marked with a star.
G+CGo to ContactsThis will display your saved contacts.
You’ll be able to import, export or edit
them.
Tab+EnterSend messageOnce you’ve composed a message,
press these two keys in sequence to
send it.
?View shortcutsThere are loads more shortcuts for
Gmail. To see them all, hit the question-
mark button (shift+/) and they’ll appear
in a smart overlay window.
GOOGLEREADERSHORTCUTS
Google’s RSS reader (www.google
.co.uk/reader) also supports
keyboard shortcuts. The following
shortcuts make using the service,
and sharing items with friends,
much easier.
J/K Navigate itemsThese keys step you through items one
at a time. J takes you to older stories
and K up to newer ones.
EEmail itemWhen you see a story you like, press this
key to email the summary and link to
your friends. Just enter their addresses
and an optional note.
Shift+SShare itemYou can share an item that interests
you through Reader. Anyone who is
following you will be able to see and
comment on it. You’ll be able to add
a comment of your own too.
GMAILSHORTCUTS
Shift+DAnnotate and shareThis combination lets you add a note to
a story and optionally add it to your
shared items (with or without tags).
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WEB & PC SHORTCUTS
$ %&' ()!
#
1Windows lets you assign
shortcuts to your favourite
programs, folders and web
pages, so you can launch
and open them using your
keyboard. To begin, we’ll
show you how to do this with
any program shortcut on
your Desktop, but the steps
will also work with items in
the Start menu. Right-click
a shortcut and select
Properties. 1
3Click Apply and then OK.
Now, when you press
that keyboard combination,
the program will start. Toopen a folder using your
keyboard, first create a
shortcut to it on your
Desktop. Right-click the
original folder and select
‘Send to’, 1 ‘Desktop (create
shortcut)’. 2 Right-click the
new shortcut, select
Properties and repeat Step 2.
2The window should open
on the Shortcut tab. 1
Click inside the ‘Shortcut key’
box 2 and press any letter
on the keyboard. Make it
something that relates to the
program you’re launching –
C for CCleaner, for example.
The rest of the shortcut will
be automatically filled in for
you, avoiding potential
conflicts with existing
combinations.
4To create a shortcut to a
website, right-click your
Desktop and select New,
Shortcut. The CreateShortcut wizard will open.
Enter the URL of the site 1
and click Next. Give the new
shortcut a name, then
right-click it and select
Properties. Click the Web
Document tab 2 and enter
the shortcut key you want
to use. 3
MINI WORKSHOP ❘ Create your own keyboard shortcuts
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The following keyboard shortcuts
work in the Microsoft Office (http://
office.microsoft.com) programs Word
and Excel. Some will also work in
OpenOffice.org (www.openoffice.org).
Ctrl+NOpen newCreates a blank document in a new
window. This will use your default
template settings.
Ctrl+OOpen savedLets you open a previously saved
document. Automatically opens the lastfolder you saved to.
Ctrl+SSaveSaves the document you have open.
If it hasn’t been saved before, you’ll
be prompted to enter a name for the
file. This keyboard shortcut also works
in Gmail.
Ctrl+BBoldSelect some text and then press this key
combination to bold it. Press it again to
remove the formatting.
Ctrl+IItaliciseSelect some text and then press this key
combination to italicise it.
Ctrl+UUnderlineSelect some text and then press this key
combination to underline it.
Ctrl+K Insert link
Use this keyboard combination to post a
hyperlink into a Word document. You
can choose the text to display.
Shift+F3Change caseSelect one or more words and use this
shortcut to change the case, cycling
through sentence, upper and lower case.
Ctrl+[ or ]Change sizeSelect some text and use this keyboard
combination to increase or decrease the
size of it in one-point steps.
Ctrl+Shift+EView changesTurns on the revision marks feature so
you can see what changes have been
made to a document.
Ctrl+PPrint
Opens the print window. This shortcut
also works in web browsers and any
other program with a print feature.
Shift+End then DeleteDelete sectionA handy shortcut you can use to delete
part of a line of text. Position your
cursor at the point you want to keep
and press Shift+End to select the
unwanted section, and then hit Delete
(or Backspace) to remove it.
F7Spell check
Hit this function key and Word will run a
spelling and grammar check using the
default dictionary.
Shift+F7Use the thesaurus
Select a word and then press these two
keys to look it up in the program’s
built-in thesaurus.
Ctrl+SpaceRemove formattingSelect some text and use this shortcut to
remove any formatting from it (bold,
italics, hyperlinks and so on). The text willalso revert back to the default typeface.
Alt+Ctrl+SSplit windowSplits the window so you can view
different parts of a long document or
complicated spreadsheet at the same
time. To remove the split window, press
Alt+Shift+C.
Ctrl+;Insert date
Select a blank cell in Excel and press
this keyboard combination to insert the
current date.
Ctrl+Shift+;Insert timeAs with the above shortcut, select a
blank cell and press this keyboard
combination to enter the urrent time.
Ctrl+9Hide dataYou can hide rows of data in Excel if you
want to keep them private from anyone
nearby with this simple keyboard
shortcut. Just click on a cell in the row,
and press the key combo. The data will
still be there, just hidden.
Ctrl+Shift+9Unhide dataOnce you’ve hidden a row, you may
want to see it again at some point.
Click and drag to select the rows either
side of the hidden one (you can select
as many rows as you like, which is useful
if you can’t remember exactly where the
hidden one is), then hit this shortcut.
OFFICESHORTCUTS
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WEB & PC SHORTCUTS
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Many of these Windows shortcuts
will work on Macs – just use the
Apple key (Command) instead of
Ctrl. but there are also plenty of
keyboard shortcuts specific to OS X.
Apple+Shift +Option+DeleteEmpty TrashIf you want to empty the Trash, use this
keyboard combination and it will clear
out your unwanted files without
prompting you for confirmation first.
Apple+Shift+Option+EscForce quit
If you’re having problems with amisbehaving application that refuses to
go quietly, use this keyboard shortcut to
force it to quit, no confirmation required.
The following shortcuts are all for
Ubuntu – the most popular version
of Linux for home users – but they
will work in other distros of the
open-source operating system, too.
Alt+F1Launch Applications
Apple+Option+YView photo slideshowYou can view photos on your hard disk
in a full-screen slideshow by selecting
them and hitting this shortcut. You’ll
need to be running OS X 10.5 or later.
Apple+Shift+UOpen UtilitiesUse this handy shortcut to open the
Hit this key combination to open the
Applications menu, which gives you
access to all your programs, games and
multimedia.
Ctrl+Alt+TOpen terminal window
Hit this key combination to bring up
the Linux console so you can enter
commands.
Ctrl+Alt+Left/Right
Navigate workspacesThis handy shortcut lets you quickly
Utilities folder. This contains such useful
tools as screen-grabbing program Grab,
voice-control tool Voiceover Utility and
Activity Monitor.
Apple+Shift+Option+Q
Log outYou can initiate an immediate force
log-out using this keyboard combo.
You won’t need to confirm the action.
step your way through the four available
workspaces.
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Left/RightMove windowMoves the selected window one
workspace to the left or right.
Alt+F10Maximise windowThis shortcut maximises an open
window. You can restore it to its originalsize by pressing Alt+F5. }
MAC OS X SHORTCUTS
LINUX SHORTCUTS
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