Alkaneshalogenation
Alkyl halides1.
eg. CH4 + Cl2hv
hv
CH3Cl
2. Alkenes Alkyl halidesHBrCH3 – CH =CH2eg HBr CH3 – CH –
CH3Br
Alkyl halides3. Alcohols
eg. R-Xaq. KOH/NaOH
R-OH
Methane Methyl Chloride
(Markovnikov’s rule)
Propene 2-Bromo propane
CH3 – CH =CH2HBr
Kharasch effect (peroxide effect)CH3 – CH2 –CH2- Br Propene1- Bromo propane
C2H5-Cl
aq. KOH C2H5-OH
Ethyl Chloride Ethanol
HINTS FOR CONVERSIONS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
4. Alcohols Alkyl halides
R-ClR-OH +PCl3 / PCl5 / SoCl2/ HCl+ZnCl2
Alkyl halides
1-Bromobutane
1-Bromopropane
R-OH PBr3+ R-Br
R-OH+P4 I2 R-I
5.alc .KOH
Alkenes
CH3 – CH2 –CH2- Br alc .KOH CH3 – CH =CH2
CH3 –CH2- CH –CH3
Br
alc .KOHCH3 –CH = CH –CH3
Saytzef Rule
Benzene Halobenzene6.FeX3 (X=Cl,Br)
eg. anhyd.FeCl3+ Cl2
Cl
Alcohol Alkyl iodide
eg. Propene
2-Butene
Benzene Chlorobenzene
Br
+ Br2
anhyd.FeBr3
Benzene Bromobenzene
Diazonium salt Halobenzene7.
Diazonium salt Phenol9.
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