SUBMITTED BY –ASHISH KUMAR SAHOO-114030
DIVAKAR -114052
Water Logging:Water logging is the natural flooding and over-irrigation that brings water at underground levels to the surface. As a consequence, displacement of the air occurs in the soil with corresponding changes in soil processes and an accumulation of toxic substances that impede plant growth
1) Water logging due to permanent submersion of land. Such as ponds, rivers, etc.
2) Water logging from periodical submersion such as coastal &land inundation by soil water or runoff of freshwater over lands etc.
3) Temporary water logging by stagnation of water as a result of heavy rainfall.
4)Another cause of water logging is swampy areas in valleys.
5) Water logging from artificial irrigation of agricultural lands in polders areas.
Inadequate surface Drainage Seepage from canal system Over irrigation of fields Impermeable clay layer below the
soil. Construction of a water reservoir Natural obstruction to the flow of
ground water
Inhabiting activity of soil bacteria.
Decrease in available capillary water
Fall in soil temperature Defective air circulation Rise of salt
Delay in cultivation operations Growth of flora(unwanted plants species)
Adverse effects on community health
Less availability of oxygen
Providing efficient surface Drainage. Reducing percolation(the slow passage
of a liquid through a filtering medium) from canals.
Restriction of unwanted irrigation. Adoption of sprinkler method for
irrigation Removing obstructions in natural
drainage.
If the concentration of harmful salts in the root zone of a plant increases to such on extent that plant growth is effected, this situation is called Salinity.Salinity.
The factors contributing towards the problem of salinity are almost same as that of water logging.
Every agricultural soil has certain mineral salt is also called alkali salts in it like NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2 SO4 etc.
When these soluble alkali salts are excess in soil these salts get mixed with ground water and with upward movement of water not only accumulated in first 3~4ft of soil layer below ground surface but also form a tin 2”~3” crust on surface.
Corrosive Action to Plants.
Formation of Alkali Soil.
Controlled Irrigation. Providing adequate surface
drainage. Allowing lower intensity of
irrigation. Reducing surface evaporation. Not using alkaline water for
irrigation purpose.
https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2905
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterlogging_(agriculture)
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/water/waterlogging/waterlogging-definition-causes-effects-with-statistics
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