© Edgenuity, Inc. 1
Warm-Up Water and Wind Erosion
?
Words to Know
Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to help you.
an icicle-shaped formation that hangs from the ceiling of a cave
a large, slowly moving body of ice and snow
the water that flows over the ground surface
a mound of mineral deposits shaped like a cone on a cave floor
any water found on Earth’s surface
the process of rocks and particles scraping against one another, wearing away their surfaces
an area of land characterized by barren, rocky ground; caves; sinkholes; underground rivers; and the absence of surface streams and lakes
the process by which wind moves loose sediment
the water that is stored in the ground
the process by which a glacier picks up larger rocks and deposits them in a new area
Lesson Goals
Explain howglaciers andwaves causeerosion anddeposition.
Identify causesof groundwatererosion.
Describe the
of wind erosionand deposition.
Identify
that are formedby water erosionand deposition.
Lesson Question
WK2
© Edgenuity, Inc. 2
Warm-Up Water and Wind Erosion
Erosion and Deposition
Erosion and deposition help shape Earth’s surface.
• Erosion transports to a new location. Agents of erosion include:
• water.
• ice and .
• wind.
• is the process of sediment being placed in a new
location.
© Edgenuity, Inc. 3
Water and Wind Erosion
Surface Water Erosion
Surface water is any water that moves across Earth’s .
• Runo� is water that over the surface.
• Runo� is the main cause of erosion in many areas.
• Runo� carries topsoil, , and other materials across the ground
Factors A�ecting Amount of Runo�
The amount of runo� depends on amount of rainfall, vegetation, type of soil, shape of the land, and how people use the land.
Vegetation helps
runo�.
soil
causes more runo�.
slopes cause more runo�.
surfaces cause more runo�.
2Slide
Instruction
© Edgenuity, Inc. 4
Water and Wind Erosion
2Slide
Features Created by Erosion
Runo�, and the erosion it causes, leads to the formation of some common
features.
A rill is a small groove in soil created by runo�.
A is a larger channel of
connected rills.
Increased runo� leads to increased erosion. This causes the of streams and tributaries.
A stream consists of that
connect and fill with water.
A tributary consists of streams that
connect to form a .
Instruction
© Edgenuity, Inc. 5
Water and Wind Erosion
4Slide
Features Created by Erosion from Rivers
Erosion by rivers creates a variety of .
• Waterfalls form when rivers softer rock.
• Over time, this can cause a height di�erence between two rock types,
which creates a .
As a river flows, erosion causes bends in the river, which then create certain features.
are bends or curves
in a river.
lakes are U-shaped
bodies of water cut o� from a river.
Instruction
© Edgenuity, Inc. 6
Water and Wind Erosion
Features Created by Deposition from Rivers
Much like erosion, deposition from creates a variety of features.
fan – wide, sloping, fan-shaped deposit
– deposit
created by flow into lake or ocean
plain –
large, flat area created by flooding deposits
Instruction
4Slide
Formation of Meanders and Oxbow Lakes
• As rivers flow, they wear away their banks until eventually a starts to form.
• Over time, the river begins to erode away the bank of the bend. This leads to the formation of a meander.
• Eventually, the river continues to erode away the riverbank until the river channel
connects to the .
© Edgenuity, Inc. 7
Instruction Water and Wind Erosion
7Slide
Groundwater
Water found , below Earth’s surface, is called groundwater.
• The saturated zone is the area the surface that is filled with water.
• The top of this zone is known as the table.
Erosion from Groundwater
Groundwater can cause erosion through weathering. This may create:
• .
• streams.
• .
© Edgenuity, Inc. 8
Instruction Water and Wind Erosion
9Slide
Karst Topography
Groundwater erosion may lead to the formation of karst topography, which includes caves and sinkholes.
Karst topography is land filled with caves, sinkholes, and
lakes.
A occurs when a cave
grows to the surface, causing the ground to collapse.
Deposition from Groundwater
Chemical weathering can also deposit
dissolved to create new
structures.
• A is an upward-
growing mound of mineral deposits on a cave floor.
• A is an icicle-
shaped formation that hangs from
a of a cave.
© Edgenuity, Inc. 9
Instruction Water and Wind Erosion
9Slide
Ways to Prevent Groundwater Erosion
Groundwater erosion can be prevented in several ways.
• Plant trees and other .
• Decrease the slope of .
• Avoid soil (the packing down of soil).
• Build drains and ditches with adequate outlets.
Karst Topography in the United States
Both Oregon and are known for well-developed karst topography.
Southern Missouri and Northern Arkansas, specifically the Ozark Mountains, are pocketed with numerous caves.
Tennessee has more than any other state.
The caves in Kentucky are perhaps the best known in the country.
Cave National Park is a popular tourist destination that also
happens to be the longest cave system in the entire world.
11
© Edgenuity, Inc. 10
Instruction Water and Wind Erosion
13Slide
Glacial Erosion
Glaciers cause erosion in two distinct ways: plucking and abrasion.
• Plucking involves picking up larger and depositing them in a new area.
• Abrasion occurs when glaciers the underlying rock as they move.
Glaciers
A glacier is a huge mass of that moves very slowly downhill along the landscape.
• Glaciers form in high near Earth’s poles and at high altitudes.
• They form due to the accumulation (piling up) and compaction
(packing down) of .
© Edgenuity, Inc. 11
Instruction Water and Wind Erosion
13Slide
Glacial Deposition
Glaciers also create surface features through deposition.
• As glaciers melt, they deposit
sediment called .
• Sometimes this till is left behind in a thick layer or ridge called a
.
• Chunks of ice left behind can form
depressions called .
• When these chunks of ice melt, the water stays in the kettles, forming
kettle .
Erosion by Waves
The energy in a wave is generated as blows across the surface of a body of water.
• Waves shape coastlines through erosion by:
• .
• .
• changing .
15
© Edgenuity, Inc. 12
Instruction Water and Wind Erosion
15Slide
Deposition by Waves
Through deposition, waves also create:
• .
• .
• islands.
• .
Wave-Cut Cli�s, Sea Arches, and Sea Stacks
Over time, the crashing of waves against rocks creates a variety of features.
-cut
cli�s
arches Sea stacks
© Edgenuity, Inc. 13
Instruction Water and Wind Erosion
17Slide
Wind Erosion
Wind, like water, causes erosion.
• Wind erosion works in two important ways.
•
•
Wind Deposition
Wind deposition is responsible for the creation of certain features.
dunes
Preventing Erosion by Waves
Some actions people can take to prevent erosion by waves include:
• building homes farther inland, away from .
• using breakwaters, barriers built to protect the land from .
• trying to slow the e�ects of global warming, which would lessen severe
.
19
© Edgenuity, Inc. 14
Instruction Water and Wind Erosion
21Slide
How to Prevent Wind Erosion
Some actions people can take to prevent erosion by wind include:
• installing .
• alternating .
• using mulch to cover exposed .
© Edgenuity, Inc. 15
Summary Water and Wind Erosion
Lesson Question
?
2Slide
Review: Key concepts
Surface water and groundwater shape Earth’s surface through erosion and deposition.
• Shapes surface through runo�, streams, and rivers
• Forms rills, gullies, streams, waterfalls, meanders, and oxbow lakes through erosion
• Forms alluvial fans, deltas, and flood plains through deposition
• Causes chemical weathering
• Forms karst topography, which includes caves and sinkholes, through erosion
• Forms stalactites and stalagmites through deposition
Answer
Lesson Question How have water and wind shaped Earth’s surface?
© Edgenuity, Inc. 16
Summary Water and Wind Erosion
Review: Key concepts
Glaciers, waves, and wind also shape Earth’s surface through erosion and deposition.
• Erode land through plucking and abrasion
• Create tills, moraines, kettles, and kettle lakes through deposition
• Erode through impact and abrasion
• Create wave-cut cli�s, sea arches, and sea stacks through erosion
• Form beaches, spits, and sandbars through deposition
• Erodes through deflation and abrasion
• Creates sand dunes and loess by deposition
Use this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson.
2Slide
Top Related