VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ADAPTATION STRATEGY BY PORTUGAL AND MALAYSIA
Carla P.C. Caroça1 and Sim Lay Mei21 Centro de Geologia da UL – CeGUL, University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Geology
Department, Edifício C6, Piso 4, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
[email protected] School of Humanities, 11800, University Science of Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Climate changeSources
• Change earth’s surface (plate tectonics),
• Change in earth’s atmosphere (dust, gases),
• Structural changes in the Sun (fluctuations in solar output),
• Variations in earth’s orbit and axis,
• (Society: use of fossil fuels)
Consequences• Floods, • Droughts, • Hurricanes, • Volcanoes activity,• Greenhouse,• Earthquakes, • Soil loss, • Fires, • Famine, • Diseases, • Pests,• Extinctions,…
http://www.geografia-ensino.com/2014/03/paises-membros-da-uniao-europeia-em.html; 20/03/2016
In Portugal, developed country located in Europe…
https://www.google.pt/search?q=imagens+inunda%C3%A7%C3%B5es+em+lisboa+hoje&biw=1536&bih=750&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjz6bFpITMAhXBExoKHWotCIkQsAQIGg&dpr=1.25#imgdii=iuQOCVWQQ76TwM%3A%3BiuQOCVWQQ76TwM%3A%3BLkJXF8RlNouKuM%3A&imgrc=iuQOCVWQQ76TwM%3A; 10/04/2016
Floods(Lisbon city)
Droughts
https://www.google.pt/search?q=imagens+de+neve+em+Lisboa&biw=1536&bih=750&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7pd6dpoTMAhWC1RoKHeixC0kQsAQISQ#tbm=isch&q=seca+em+Portugal&imgrc=k3n58Tza6rq96M%3A; 10/04/2016
http://zap.aeiou.pt/mau-tempo-lisboa-metade-das-1300-ocorrencias-1176; 10/04/2016
Hail and/or snow in coastal areas (Lisbon city – October 2013)
Costa da Caparica –sea invasion, March2007
http://biogeodopedro11.blogspot.pt/2007_03_01_archive.html; 13/04/2016
Retreat of the coastline
http://visao.sapo.pt/actualidade/sociedade/2016-01-15-Furacao-Alex-passou-a-cerca-de-20-quilometros-a-leste-da-Terceira; 10/04/2016
Hurricanes
Near to Azores –Portugal – January2016
http://pt.distance.to/Mal%C3%A1sia/Portugal; 19/03/2016
Malaysia, a developing country located in Asia, on the opposite side of the Earth…
Heat Wave
Source: R. Mahgeshan, The Malay mail online, 21st March 2016
A farmer not able to replant his paddy field due to severe drought brought by heatwave
Tasek Takong (man-made lake) located near the Perak-Thai border dried up four years ago during the prolonged hot and dry spell.
4 years ago
NOW
Source: The Straits Times, 17th April 2016
Source: The Star Online, 4th June 2016
A tree uprooted by the hailstorm crashing a car in Kuala Lumpur
Falling trees after hailstorm
Water resource vulnerability to climate change
Malaysia PortugalAvailability and quality of water for:
DomesticIndustrial
AgriculturalTourism (beach, pool)
Hydroelectric power generationThermo-electric systems
DamsEnvironment (such as droughts, floods, erosion
(loss of soil and coastline, landscape degradation), loss of biodiversity and increase
in diseases/pests)
Since 2004, after the tsunami and enormous flood events, has:• Department of Environment
[subsidiary of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE)]
Since 2009, has:• Ministry of Energy, Green
Technology and Water (KeTTHA) (policy-making on the climate change issues);
• Technology and Ministry of Science, Innovation (MOSTI) and Malaysian Meteorological Department (subsidiary of MOSTI) (monitoring the climate change, impacts and study the projection of future climate change scenarios).
Malaysia PortugalSince 2010, has:• A National
Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change (ENAAC);
• A National Programme for Climate Change (PNAC);
• A Strategic Planfor Water Supplyand SanitationWastewater(PENSAAR)
Malaysia Portugal• Adaptation measures and
to integrate into sectoralpolicies (ENAAC);
• Develop a competitive andlow-carbon andcontributes to stimulateresearch, innovation andknowledge productionand involve society in thechallenges of climatechange (PNAC);
• Reduction of emissionsof greenhouse gasessince global warming willhave-to remain well below2°C, 1,5°C preferred.(COP21).
• policy-making on the climate change issues which include the renewable energy policy and feed-in tariff regime;
• Monitoring the climate change, impacts and study the projection of future climate change scenarios;
• A voluntary reduced of up to 40% in terms of carbon emission intensity of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels (UNFCC, 2014)
• Promoting efficient water uses, strengthening and diversification of water sources (waste water from different supplies, seawater for desalinated and for electricity),
• Control quality water to supply the population,
• Maintaining the operating conditions of drainage systems and wastewater treatment,
• Risk urban flood control,• Increase the number of
technical-scientific literature disclosing them. (PENSAAR)
Proposed adaptation measures/strategies in Malaysia/Portugal – water resources
PortugalMalaysiaIn Tenth Malaysian Plan:• Development and
improvement of water sector infrastructure;
• Development of water supply in rural areas;
In the Eleventh Malaysia Plan:• Improve and strengthen the
regulations of the water services industry framework, which include:
- expansion of water supply network, - capacity of the water treatment plants.
As regards climate change in:
PortugalMalaysia
Portuguese Environmental Agency
(APA)
who proposes, develops,
monitors and exercises
authority functions for
the environmental
liability regime.
Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation (MOSTI)
who is monitoring the
climate change, impacts
and study the
projection of future
climate change
scenarios
Final Considerations
Malaysia Portugal
Several plans,
some of which without a
local technical-scientific
and update.
Management of climate
change without the
support of knowledge of
public bodies (NGOs)
and private and research
organization in all
phases of impact.
- Climate change is natural on planet Earth;
- Human activities do not allow to restore balance
(examples: nuclear testing and exploitation of oil and
other resources);
- Water is an essential resource for life of all;
- Climate change is changing everything we knew;
- Currently, it is a mystery how will our future;
- If we continue to practice what we have been doing,
quickly extinguish;
It is recalled that:
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