Unit 6 (F):Unit 6 (F):Learning By Learning By ObservationObservation
Mr. McCormickMr. McCormickA.P. PsychologyA.P. Psychology
Do-NowDo-Now(In Journal)(In Journal)
What is a What is a behaviorbehavior that you that you possess that you may have possess that you may have learnedlearned through through observationobservation??
WhoWho did you learn it from? did you learn it from?
Why Why do you think it became do you think it became reinforcedreinforced??
Learning By ObservationLearning By Observation
Observational Learning:Observational Learning: Learning by observing othersLearning by observing others Also called Social LearningAlso called Social Learning Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura
Modeling:Modeling: The process of observing and The process of observing and
imitating a specific behavior imitating a specific behavior
Learning By ObservationLearning By Observation
Higher animals, Higher animals, especially especially
humans, humans, learnlearn through through
observingobserving and and imitatingimitating others. others.
The monkey on The monkey on the right the right imitatesimitates the monkey on the monkey on
the left in the left in touching the touching the pictures in a pictures in a
certain order to certain order to obtain a obtain a rewardreward..
How do you How do you pronouncepronounce the the
word word “orange?”“orange?”
Observational Learning and Observational Learning and LanguageLanguage
Observational Learning and Observational Learning and LanguageLanguage
Observational Learning and Observational Learning and LanguageLanguage
Have you ever Have you ever traveledtraveled to another to another countrycountry, or another , or another regionregion of the of the USUS, and found yourself , and found yourself speakingspeaking and/or and/or actingacting similarsimilar to the to the people of that people of that regionregion??
Why do you think your Why do you think your speechspeech and/or and/or behaviorbehavior changedchanged??
Mirror NeuronsMirror Neurons
Mirror Neurons:Mirror Neurons: Frontal lobe neurons that fire when Frontal lobe neurons that fire when
performing certain actions or when performing certain actions or when observing another doing soobserving another doing so
The brain’s mirroring of another’s The brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and action may enable imitation and empathyempathy
Imitation OnsetImitation Onset
LearningLearning by by observationobservation begins begins
earlyearly in life. in life.
This This 14-month-old 14-month-old child child imitatesimitates the the
adult on TV, in adult on TV, in pulling a toy apart.pulling a toy apart.
Imitation in ChildrenImitation in Children
Can you remember any ways Can you remember any ways that you that you imitatedimitated others others (parents, older siblings, (parents, older siblings, cousins, etc.) cousins, etc.) as a child?as a child?
Can you remember any ways Can you remember any ways that your younger siblings, that your younger siblings, cousins, etc. cousins, etc. imitatedimitated youyou??
Bandura’s “Bobo Doll” Bandura’s “Bobo Doll” ExperimentExperiment
Bandura's Bandura's “Bobo “Bobo Doll” ExperimentDoll” Experiment
(1961) (1961) indicated indicated that individuals that individuals (children) (children) learn learn
through through imitatingimitating others who receive others who receive
rewardsrewards and and punishmentspunishments..
Applications ofApplications ofObservational LearningObservational Learning
Unfortunately, Unfortunately, Bandura’s studies Bandura’s studies
show that show that antisocial models antisocial models
(family, (family, neighborhood, or TV) neighborhood, or TV) may have may have antisocial antisocial
effectseffects..
Applications ofApplications ofObservational LearningObservational Learning
Gentile et al., Gentile et al., (2004) (2004) shows shows
that children in that children in elementary elementary
school who are school who are exposed to exposed to
violent violent televisiontelevision, ,
videosvideos, and , and video video gamesgames express express
increasedincreased aggressionaggression..
Applications ofApplications ofObservational LearningObservational Learning
What are some What are some TV showsTV shows, , video gamesvideo games, , or or moviesmovies that you were that you were exposedexposed to as a to as a childchild that that modeledmodeled
aggressive behavioraggressive behavior??
Applications ofApplications ofObservational LearningObservational LearningResearch shows that viewing Research shows that viewing media media
violence violence leads to an leads to an increasedincreased expression of expression of aggressionaggression..
Children modeling after pro wrestlers
Applications ofApplications ofObservational LearningObservational Learning
Fortunately, Fortunately, prosocialprosocial (positive, (positive, helpful)helpful) models models may have may have prosocial prosocial
effectseffects..
Applications ofApplications ofObservational LearningObservational Learning
Prosocial Behavior:Prosocial Behavior: Positive, constructive, helpful behaviorPositive, constructive, helpful behavior The opposite of antisocial behaviorThe opposite of antisocial behavior
ReviewReview What is What is Observational LearningObservational Learning? How does it ? How does it
differdiffer from from ClassicalClassical and and Operant Operant ConditioningConditioning??
What are What are mirror neurons mirror neurons and how do they and how do they enableenable empathyempathy and and imitationimitation??
What did What did Albert Bandura Albert Bandura concludeconclude about about observational learning observational learning through his through his “Bobo “Bobo Doll” ExperimentDoll” Experiment??
What are What are prosocialprosocial and and antisocial behavior antisocial behavior and what are some ways that they are and what are some ways that they are modeledmodeled??
HomeworkHomework
Unit 6 Test: Unit 6 Test: “Learning”“Learning”
Chapter 8 Outline: Chapter 8 Outline: “Memory”“Memory”
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