UNIT 3 -ANIMALS
CHAP. 17 P.
336-360
CHAP. 21 P.
454-467
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=UmpTARZKyvc
SUMMARY OF UNIT
3.1 EVOLUTION OF ANIMALS
• A. INTRODUCTION TO KINGDOM ANIMALIA
• B. CHARACTERISTICS TO DISTINGUISH ANIMAL PHYLA
• C. MAJOR ANIMAL PHYLA
• D. SUBPHYLA OF PHYLUM CHORDATA
• E. SOME CLASSES OF SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA
• F. PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF ANIMALS
3.2 ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• A. INTRODUCTION
• B. SPECIFIC ANIMAL TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS
• C. MATERIAL AND ENERGY EXCHANGE
• D. THERMOREGULATION AS AN EXAMPLE OF
HOMEOSTASIS
https://study.com/academy/lesson/major-animal-phyla-their-characteristics.html
Embryonic Development
• Animals, in their life cycle, will produce sperm in the testes by
way of meiosis and eggs in the ovaries by way of meiosis.
• Animals are diploid and the haploid sperm and egg must
meet for fertilization to be achieved. The result is a unicellular
diploid zygote that continues growth by mitosis (increasing
cell number without change in DNA).
• From the zygote, develops a spherical cluster of cells called a
morula. The morula then develops into the blastula, a hollow,
fluid filled sphere bounded by a single layer of cells
surrounding a central cavity or blastocoel. The blastula will
then develop into the embryo.
• Animal embryos are definitely multicellular and show tissue
differentiation. They are composed of embryonic tissues; an outer
layer called ectoderm, a middle layer or mesoderm, and an internal
layer or endoderm that surrounds the digestive cavity.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xh7oPMgK82A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfYhbOz1fsE
C. MAJOR ANIMAL PHYLA - INVERTEBRATES
Phylum Porifera• Phylum Porifera is the most primitive of
animals and includes the sponges.
• They are multicellular; however, they do not
develop tissues, organs or organ systems.
• Although sessile or non-motile as an adult,
during their life cycle there is a flagellated
stage that suits the general animal
characteristic of mobility.
• They are asymmetrical in body form with a
primitive GVC. Because Phylum Porifera is
such primitive animals they are often
classified as Parazoa whereas the other
major phyla are metazoa or the 'true animals'. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33rMjl
ciRGU
Phylum Cnidaria
• Phylum Cnidaria includes Hydra and
the common jellyfish.
• They display radial symmetry with a
mouth surrounded by tentacles that
also acts as its anus.
• They are diploblastic with embryonic
endoderm and ectoderm that gives
rise to the gastrodermis and
epidermis respectively.
• The gastrodermis lines the primitive
GVC that acts as a digestive cavity
and no other body cavity is present.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dgre5E
BQLaM
Most successful animal phylum!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h
WQuCzr9mY4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgZRZmEc9j4
Chordates – and their characteristics
E. SOME CLASSES OF SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA
1. Agnatha (jawless fish – hagfish,lamprey)
2. Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays)
3. Osteichthyes (bony fishes)
4. Amphibia
5. Reptilia
6. Aves (birds)
7. Mammals
WILL COVER #1 1ND 2 LATER
The body continuously renews
the cells of many epithelial
tissues.
Such turnover requires cells to
divide rapidly, which increases
the risk of an error in cell
division, a mistake that can
lead to cancer.
Fibrous connective tissue has a dense matrix
of collagen. It forms
tendons, which attach muscles to bones, and
ligaments, which strongly join bones together at joints.
Skeletal muscle
is attached to
bones by
tendons,
moves your
skeleton, and
is responsible
for voluntary
movements.
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