UNIT 3 -ANIMALS

CHAP. 17 P.

336-360

CHAP. 21 P.

454-467

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=UmpTARZKyvc

3.1 EVOLUTION OF ANIMALS

INTRODUCTION TO KINGDOM ANIMALIA

SUMMARY OF UNIT

3.1 EVOLUTION OF ANIMALS

• A. INTRODUCTION TO KINGDOM ANIMALIA

• B. CHARACTERISTICS TO DISTINGUISH ANIMAL PHYLA

• C. MAJOR ANIMAL PHYLA

• D. SUBPHYLA OF PHYLUM CHORDATA

• E. SOME CLASSES OF SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA

• F. PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF ANIMALS

3.2 ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

• A. INTRODUCTION

• B. SPECIFIC ANIMAL TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS

• C. MATERIAL AND ENERGY EXCHANGE

• D. THERMOREGULATION AS AN EXAMPLE OF

HOMEOSTASIS

https://study.com/academy/lesson/major-animal-phyla-their-characteristics.html

3 Tissue Types:

Embryonic Development

• Animals, in their life cycle, will produce sperm in the testes by

way of meiosis and eggs in the ovaries by way of meiosis.

• Animals are diploid and the haploid sperm and egg must

meet for fertilization to be achieved. The result is a unicellular

diploid zygote that continues growth by mitosis (increasing

cell number without change in DNA).

• From the zygote, develops a spherical cluster of cells called a

morula. The morula then develops into the blastula, a hollow,

fluid filled sphere bounded by a single layer of cells

surrounding a central cavity or blastocoel. The blastula will

then develop into the embryo.

• Animal embryos are definitely multicellular and show tissue

differentiation. They are composed of embryonic tissues; an outer

layer called ectoderm, a middle layer or mesoderm, and an internal

layer or endoderm that surrounds the digestive cavity.

B. CHARACTERISTICS TO DISTINGUISH ANIMAL PHYLA1.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xh7oPMgK82A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfYhbOz1fsE

C. MAJOR ANIMAL PHYLA - INVERTEBRATES

Phylum Porifera• Phylum Porifera is the most primitive of

animals and includes the sponges.

• They are multicellular; however, they do not

develop tissues, organs or organ systems.

• Although sessile or non-motile as an adult,

during their life cycle there is a flagellated

stage that suits the general animal

characteristic of mobility.

• They are asymmetrical in body form with a

primitive GVC. Because Phylum Porifera is

such primitive animals they are often

classified as Parazoa whereas the other

major phyla are metazoa or the 'true animals'. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33rMjl

ciRGU

Phylum Cnidaria

• Phylum Cnidaria includes Hydra and

the common jellyfish.

• They display radial symmetry with a

mouth surrounded by tentacles that

also acts as its anus.

• They are diploblastic with embryonic

endoderm and ectoderm that gives

rise to the gastrodermis and

epidermis respectively.

• The gastrodermis lines the primitive

GVC that acts as a digestive cavity

and no other body cavity is present.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dgre5E

BQLaM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXQxzz-RAJs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYPF5dmT__o

https://www.youtube.com/watc

h?v=En3aMXiaVlQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRPJ

avxrxRo

Most successful animal phylum!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h

WQuCzr9mY4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IHQr8XXIqA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgZRZmEc9j4

Chordates – and their characteristics

D. SUBPHYLA OF PHYLUM CHORDATA

lancets

E. SOME CLASSES OF SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA

1. Agnatha (jawless fish – hagfish,lamprey)

2. Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays)

3. Osteichthyes (bony fishes)

4. Amphibia

5. Reptilia

6. Aves (birds)

7. Mammals

WILL COVER #1 1ND 2 LATER

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFNKhenpIVU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiYIiQKG4NA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnlc

JhSJWTg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEgM2fXj_9I

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cERpbktm44Q

or Placental

F. PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF ANIMALS

3.2 ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

A. INTRODUCTION

B. SPECIFIC ANIMAL TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS

The body continuously renews

the cells of many epithelial

tissues.

Such turnover requires cells to

divide rapidly, which increases

the risk of an error in cell

division, a mistake that can

lead to cancer.

Fibrous connective tissue has a dense matrix

of collagen. It forms

tendons, which attach muscles to bones, and

ligaments, which strongly join bones together at joints.

Skeletal muscle

is attached to

bones by

tendons,

moves your

skeleton, and

is responsible

for voluntary

movements.

C. MATERIAL AND ENERGY EXCHANGE

D. THERMOREGULATION AS AN EXAMPLE OF HOMEOSTASIS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJhsyS4lTW0