- 1. Visual Vocab Unit 2Andrew ShawAP Biology 5 th
2. Isomer
- one of several organic compounds with the same molecular
formula but different structures and therefore different
properties. the three types of isomers are structural isomers,
geometric isomers, and enantimers.
3. Cellulose
- A type of Structural Polysaccharide that is integral in the
formation of plant cell walls.
4. The enzymes of a human can't break down cellulose
- The outside of corn kernels are made of cellulose so our bodies
can't digest it
5. Chaperonin
- a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of the
other proteins
- The crystal structure of the chaperonin.
6. Cholesterol
- Most common type of steroid thats found in animal tissues.
- A typical large yolk contains about 400 mg of cholesterol
7. Dehydration Reaction
- A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to
each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water
- Table sugar is formed through a dehydration reaction between
glucose and fructose
8. Denaturation
- in proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses
its native shape, thereby becoming biologically inactive
- The skin that forms on curdled milk is a common example of
denatured protein.
9. Enantiomers
- one of two compounds that are mirror images of each other
- An example of such an enantiomer is the sedative thalidomide.
It was sold in a number of countries across the world from 1957
until 1961, when it was withdrawn from the market after being found
to be a cause of birth defects.
10. Ester Bond
- Ester bonds are formed by the reaction of an acid and
alcohol.
- A typical example is the solvent and anesthetic diethyl ether,
commonly referred to simply as "ether" (CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3).
11. Glycogen
- Glycogen is a substance deposited in body tissues as a store of
carbs
- Glycogen is stored in Liver and Muscle
12. Glycosidic Linkage
- The link between thedisaccharide lactose in milk is a
glycosidic linkage
13. Hydrolysis
- a chemical process that splits molecules by the addition of
water, functioning in disassembly of polymers to monomers
- Example of a hydrolyses reaction: The hydrolysis of PET pellets
using supercritical water
Before composition PET pellet material + water After
decomposition Terephthalic acid (in fine particles) + an ethylene
glycol aqueous solution 14. Peptide Bond
- the covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid
and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration
reaction
15. Primary Structure
- the level of protein structure referring to the specific
sequence of amino acids
16. Quaternary Structure
- the particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined
by the characteristic 3D arrangement of its constituent subunits,
each a polypeptide
17. Saturated Lipid
- fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated
fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the
individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain
- These foods are high in saturated fats
18. Secondary Structure
- the localized, repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide
backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formation between
constituents of the backbone
19. Starch
- a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units
joined together by glycosidic bonds.
20. Tertiary Structure
- irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions
of side chains involved to hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds,
hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges
21. Unsaturated Lipid
- a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond
within the fatty acid chain
- Olive oil is an example of unsaturated lipids