UK Cattle Yearbook 2018
1
Contents
Chapter 1 – Introduction 3
Chapter 2 – Marketing Chain 4Table 2.1 Beef and veal balance sheet, UK, 2014–2017 4Figure 2.1 Product flows in the beef marketing chain, UK, 2017 5
Chapter 3 – Livestock Numbers 6Table 3.1 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2014–2017 6Table 3.2 Cattle numbers by region, UK, June 2014–2017 7Table 3.3 Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June 2013–2016 8Figure 3.1 Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK, June 2016 9
Chapter 4 – Slaughterings and Production 10Table 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2014–2017 10Figure 4.1 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1997–2017 10Table 4.2 Beef and veal production by region, UK, 2014–2017 11Table 4.3 Cattle slaughterings, UK, 2014–2017 11Table 4.4 Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, 2014–2017 12Figure 4.2 Change in share of cattle slaughterings by region, 2007 and 2017 12Table 4.5 Cattle average carcase weights, UK, 2014–2017 13Figure 4.3 Liveweight/deadweight cattle marketings, GB, 1997–2017 13
Chapter 5 – Consumption 14Table 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017 14Figure 5.1 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1997–2017 14Table 5.2 Per capita meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017 15Table 5.3 Self-sufficiency rates, UK, 2014–2017 15Figure 5.2 Percentage of beef and lamb sold under British logo, GB, 2016–2018 16Figure 5.3 Change in source of retail meat purchases by volume,
GB, 2014 and 2017 17Figure 5.4 Change in retail volume and value sales of beef products, GB, 2014 and 2017 18Figure 5.5 Percentage of beef products sold on promotion, GB, 2014–2017 19Figure 5.6 Retail expenditure profile for beef, GB, 2017 20
Chapter 6 – Livestock and Meat Prices 21Table 6.1 Deadweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017 21Table 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2014–2017 22Figure 6.1 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2014–2017 22Table 6.3 Liveweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017 23Table 6.4 Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017 23Table 6.5 Store cattle prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017 24Table 6.6 Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, 2014–2017 25
2
Contents
Chapter 7 – Imports and Exports 26Table 7.1 Volume and value of beef and veal imports, UK, 2014–2017 26Table 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by source, UK, 2014–2017 26Table 7.3 Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, 2014–2017 27Figure 7.1 Imports of beef and veal by product, UK, 2017 27Table 7.4 Volume and value of beef and veal exports, UK, 2014–2017 28Table 7.5 Exports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by destination, UK, 2014–2017 28Table 7.6 Exports of beef offal by destination, UK, 2014–2017 29Figure 7.2 Map of UK fresh/frozen beef and veal exports by destination, 2017 30
Chapter 8 – Abattoirs 31Table 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2014–2017 31Table 8.2 Size profile of red meat abattoirs, England, 2017 31Table 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, 2017 32
Chapter 9 – Auction Markets 33Table 9.1 Auction market throughputs by region, GB, 2017 33Table 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2014–2017 33Table 9.3 Auction markets sales held by region, GB, 2014–2017 33Table 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2017 34Table 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2017 34Table 9.6 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, 2017 35Table 9.7 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, 2017 35Table 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017 36Table 9.9 Largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017 36
Chapter 10 – Carcase Classification 37Table 10.1 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class,
GB, 2017 37Table 10.2 Distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2014–2017 38Table 10.3 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class,
GB, 2007 and 2017 38Figure 10.1 Prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, 2007 and 2017 39
3
The statistics in the latest edition of the AHDB Beef & Lamb Yearbook show that 2017 was a relatively stable year after the dramatic price movements that characterised 2016. Although sterling continued to remain weak, a tighter domestic supply and demand balance led to higher import volumes and lower exports than the year before.Deadweight prices started the year following a typical pattern, softening marginally as supplies ran slightly ahead of post-Christmas demand, and tracking just below the five-year average prices for the time of year. However, where the market would normally expect to turn in May or June, prices in 2017 started to pick up as early as March; producers were still wary of the very low prices available to them in April of the previous year and this may have been reflected in a tighter supply situation. The GB all prime average deadweight price was at its lowest in the week ending 25 March, at 343.4p/kg, with the change in direction led by the market for young bulls. More commercial-type prime carcases fared particularly well, with price premiums for higher specifications narrowing slightly at this time. Late April marked the low point for prices in 2016, but by the same time in 2017 prices were 13 per cent higher year on year and were above the five-year average.From spring into late summer, good demand for beef kept the supply and demand balance relatively tight, despite retail price rises. The average price for GB R4L steer carcases rose by 9 per cent between early April and early September, peaking at 388.9p/kg. Prices then softened again over the following weeks. After a small rally in November, when processors were active in the run-up to Christmas, the market then entered into
what became a very long winter for some; finishing conditions all summer had been good, but a wet harvest meant reports of widespread straw and forage shortages were to follow. Deadweight prices remained above the five-year average and 2017 closed with R4L steers priced at 375.5p/kg.For the year as a whole, prime cattle slaughterings totalled 1.97 million head, an equivalent level to 2016 throughputs. However, adult cattle throughputs fell by 3 per cent to 659,000 head after a strong year in 2016. Consequently production fell by 1 per cent on 2016 levels, with numbers and carcase weights of prime animals broadly stable, but fewer, although slightly heavier, cows.A generally weaker currency than the year before might ordinarily have lent itself to a continuation of the positive trade environment witnessed in 2016. Instead, imports grew by over 4 per cent on 2016 levels, to 442,000 tonnes, particularly from Ireland, and exports fell by 2 per cent, to 140,000 tonnes. Together these are a testament to the size and importance of the UK domestic market, where year-on-year demand grew by 1.4 per cent in 2017.The contents of the 2018 AHDB Beef & Lamb Yearbook provide an overview of the facts and figures from the beef and sheep meat sectors during 2017. We hope it serves as a useful reference guide for industry and other interested stakeholders.
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 1 – Introduction
4
Chapter 2 – Marketing Chain
Table 2.1 Beef and veal balance sheet, UK, 2014–2017
‘000 tonnes 2014 2015 2016* 2017
Production 877.3 884.5 911.8 901.5
Imports 413.7 430.5 425.7 442.5
Fresh/frozen 315.0 332.0 326.2 340.2
Processed 98.7 98.5 99.5 102.3
Exports 142.2 132.0 142.8 139.9
Total consumption 1,148.9 1,183.0 1,149.8 1,204.1
Total consumption is a balance calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports – exportsVolumes are carcase weight equivalent*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Source: AHDB, Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 2.1 Beef and veal balance sheet, UK, 2014–2017
Chapter 2 – Marketing Chain
5
Figure 2.1 Product flows in the beef marketing chain, UK, 2017
Marketing Chain
Liveweight and deadweight percentage splits are estimated using GB dataVolumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: AHDB, Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Meat exportsTotal: 140,000 tonnesCarcase: 128,000 tonnesProcessed: 12,000 tonnesTotal: £440 million
Meat importsTotal 442,000 tonnesCarcase 340,000 tonnesProcessed 102,000 tonnesTotal £1,334 million
Wholesalers/depots/traders
Total beef & veal usage1.204 million tonnes
£8,412 million
Prime cattle slaughterings1.97 million head
Cow and bull slaughterings659,000 head
Calf slaughterings112,000 head
Value of product £2,995 million
Deadweight sales – 85%Prime cattle = 88%Cows/bulls = 71%2.21 million head
£2,530 million
Liveweight sales – 15%Prime cattle = 12%Cows/bulls = 29%0.42 million head
£425 million
Slaughtered productionTotal: 902,000 tonnesPrime cattle: 689,000 tonnesCows/bulls: 206,000 tonnesCalves: 7,000 tonnes
Figure 2.1 Product flows in the beef marketing chain, UK, 2017
Table 2.1 Beef and veal balance sheet, UK, 2014–2017
6
Chapter 3 – Livestock Numbers
Table 3.1 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2014–2017
‘000 head 2014 2015 2016 2017
Female cattle aged 2 years or more: 4,228 4,238 4,204 4,193
Breeding herd (cattle which have calved): 3,411 3,472 3,493 3,481
Beef 1,569 1,576 1,596 1,589
Dairy 1,841 1,895 1,897 1,891
Other female cattle (not calved or in calf for first time): 817 767 712 712
Beef 409 381 365 366
Dairy 408 386 346 346
Female cattle aged between 1 and 2 years: 1,373 1,379 1,442 1,464
Beef 834 834 872 898
Dairy 539 545 570 567
Female cattle less than 1 year: 1,499 1,570 1,603 1,583
All male cattle: 2,737 2,730 2,783 2,763
2 years and over 424 388 364 355
1 to 2 years 1,011 1,001 1,032 1,051
Under 1 year 1,302 1,342 1,386 1,357
Total cattle & calves 9,837 9,919 10,033 10,004
Source: Defra
Chapter 3 – Livestock Numbers Table 3.1 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2014–2017
7
Table 3.2 Cattle numbers by region, UK, June 2014–2017
‘000 head Dairy cows Beef cows Total cattle and calves
England
2014 1,143 710 5,374
2015 1,162 713 5,385
2016 1,156 721 5,429
2017 1,150 721 5,418
Wales
2014 234 168 1,103
2015 246 167 1,119
2016 249 168 1,134
2017 251 168 1,137
Scotland
2014 170 437 1,793
2015 176 437 1,806
2016 175 437 1,804
2017 174 433 1,782
Northern Ireland
2014 294 255 1,567
2015 312 260 1,609
2016 317 270 1,665
2017 316 267 1,666
Dairy and beef cows defined as breeding females over 2 years oldSource: Defra, Daera, Scottish Government, Welsh Government
Livestock Numbers
Table 3.2 Cattle numbers by region, UK, June 2014–2017
Table 3.1 Cattle numbers by category, UK, June 2014–2017
8
Table 3.3 Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June 2013–2016
No. of dairy cow holdings
Average dairy herd size (head)
No. of beef cow holdings
Average beef herd
size (head)
Total cattle
holdings
England2013 13,225 84 26,990 27 40,961
2014 12,825 89 26,490 27 40,601
2015 12,643 89 26,550 26 40,736
2016 12,474 90 26,127 27 40,209
Wales*
2013 3,130 N/A 8,910 n/a 11,104
2014 3,094 N/A 8,613 n/a 10,906
2015 3,054 N/A 8,436 n/a 10,806
2016 3,030 N/A 8,379 n/a 10,668
Scotland2013 1,903 87 9,483 47 12,097
2014 1,840 92 9,348 47 11,969
2015 1,832 96 9,265 47 11,880
2016 1,822 96 9,154 48 11,692
Northern Ireland2013 3,425 82 15,356 18 20,201
2014 3,425 86 15,007 17 20,044
2015 3,537 88 15,090 17 20,357
2016 3,529 90 14,756 18 19,942
*Cow holding numbers shown are based upon animals aged 2 years or over with offspring except Wales, which are based upon all animals over 2 years as further breakdown is not available. As a result average beef and dairy herd size figures for Wales are not available on the same basis.Dairy herd sizes are based on number of holdings with dairy cattle rather than number of registered dairy producers.n/a = not applicableSource: Defra, Daera, Scottish Government, Welsh Government
Livestock Numbers
Table 3.3 Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June 2013–2016
9
Figure 3.1 Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK, June 2016
Livestock Numbers
*Beef cow holding numbers shown are based upon animals agend 2 years or over with offspring, except Wales, which are based upon all holdings with beef cows over 2 years.Source: Defra, Daera, Scottish Government, Welsh Government
England26,127 beef cow holdings
% of beef cowholdings
% of beef cowholdings
% of beef cowholdings
% of beef cowholdings
Wales*8,379 beef cow holdings
Scotland9,154 beef cow holdings
Northern Ireland14,756 beef cow holdings
12
31
4014
4 3
20
38
11
29
22
24
21
19
14 6
42
28
1
24
Herd size:100+
Herd size:100+
Herd size:100+
Herd size:1–9
Herd size:1–9
Herd size:1–9
Herd size:5–19
Herd size:1–4
Herd size:10–29
Herd size:10–29
Herd size:20–49
Herd size:50–99
Herd size:10–29
Herd size:30–49
Herd size:30–49
Herd size:30–49
Herd size:50–99
Herd size:50–99
Herd size:50–99
Herd size:100+
Figure 3.1 Beef cow holdings by herd size and region, UK, June 2016
Table 3.3 Cattle holdings and average herd size by region, UK, June 2013–2016
10
Table 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2014–2017
‘000 tonnes Beef & veal
Lamb & mutton
Pig meat Offal Total
red meata
2014 877.3 297.5 862.9 142.7 2,037.8
2015 884.5 301.5 900.3 145.0 2,086.3
2016* 911.8 290.3 919.2 146.9 2,121.3
2017 901.5 299.1 899.3 146.4 2,099.9
a = Excludes offal*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Volumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: Defra
Figure 4.1 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1997–2017
Chapter 4 – Slaughterings and Production
*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Volumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: Defra
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
*
2017
’000
tonn
es
Beef & veal Lamb & mutton Pig meat
Chapter 4 – Slaughterings and Production Table 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.1 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1997–2017
11
Slaughterings and Production
Table 4.2 Beef and veal production by region, UK, 2014–2017
‘000 tonnes UK England** Wales Scotlanda Northern Irelanda
2014 877.3 531.7 42.8 169.6 133.3
2015 884.5 532.4 47.5 168.9 135.8
2016* 911.8 553.9 45.4 173.0 139.4
2017 901.5 553.4 40.6 167.1 140.4
a = Excludes calves*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016**Estimate based on remaining balanceVolumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: Defra, AHDB
Table 4.3 Cattle slaughterings, UK, 2014–2017
‘000 head Prime cattle
Cows & bulls Calves Total cattle
& calves
2014 1,960 597 112 2,669
2015 1,929 619 101 2,649
2016* 1,975 681 124 2,780
2017 1,973 659 112 2,744
*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Source: Defra
Table 4.2 Beef and veal production by region, UK, 2014–2017Table 4.3 Cattle slaughterings, UK, 2014–2017
Table 4.1 Red meat production, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.1 Trends in red meat production, UK, 1997–2017
12
Table 4.4 Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, 2014–2017
‘000 head UK England Wales Scotlanda Northern Irelanda
2014 2,669 1,632 151 468 408
2015 2,649 1,617 159 459 407
2016* 2,780 1,729 147 474 422
2017 2,744 1,711 134 462 430
a = Excludes calves*Defra changed to calendar months from February 2016Source: Defra
Figure 4.2 Change in share of cattle slaughterings by region, 2007 and 2017
Slaughterings and Production
a = Excludes calvesSource: Defra
2007(%)
2017(%)
17 16
17
5820
55 62Scotlanda
Scotlanda
Northern Irelanda Northern Irelanda
England
England Wales
Wales
Table 4.4 Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.2 Change in share of cattle slaughterings by region, 2007 and 2017
13
Slaughterings and Production
Table 4.5 Cattle average carcase weights, UK, 2014–2017
kg deadweight Steers Heifers Young bulls Prime cattle
2014 367.5 324.6 344.8 348.7
2015 374.2 331.2 344.6 355.1
2016 372.4 327.9 327.1 350.9
2017 367.0 330.0 326.6 349.1
Source: Defra
Figure 4.3 Liveweight/deadweight cattle marketings, GB, 1997–2017
Source: Defra, AHDB
0
20
40
60
80
100
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
DeadweightLiveweight
%
Table 4.5 Cattle average carcase weights, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.3 Liveweight/deadweight cattle market-ings, GB, 1997–2017
Table 4.4 Cattle slaughterings by region, UK, 2014–2017Figure 4.2 Change in share of cattle slaughterings by region, 2007 and 2017
14
Table 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017
‘000 tonnes
Beef & veal
Lamb & mutton
Pig meat Poultry Total
meat
2014 1,149 298 1,578 2,129 5,154
2015 1,183 328 1,631 2,349 5,492
2016 1,195 317 1,717 2,473 5,701
2017 1,204 300 1,709 2,391 5,603
Consumption is a balance calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports – exportsVolumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: AHDB. Calculations based on data from Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Figure 5.1 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1997–2017
Chapter 5 – Consumption
Consumption is a balance calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports – exportsVolumes are carcase weight equivalentSource: AHDB. Calculations based on data from Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Beef & veal Pig meat Lamb & mutton Poultry
’000
tonn
es
Chapter 5 – Consumption Table 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017Figure 5.1 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1997–2017
15
Consumption
Table 5.2 Per capita meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017
kg per person
Beef & veal
Lamb & mutton
Pig meat Poultry Total
meat
2014 17.8 4.6 24.4 33.0 79.8
2015 18.2 5.0 25.1 36.1 84.3
2016 18.2 4.8 26.1 37.7 86.8
2017 18.2 4.5 25.9 36.3 84.9
Per capita consumption is a calculation based upon total supplies available for consumption, ie production + imports – exports divided by the mid-year population estimateVolumes are carcase weight equivalent Source: AHDB. Calculations based on data from Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC, Office for National Statistics
Table 5.3 Self-sufficiency rates, UK, 2014–2017
% Beef & veal
Lamb & mutton
Pig meat Poultry Total
meat
2014 76.4 99.9 54.7 77.3 71.5
2015 74.8 91.9 55.2 73.7 69.5
2016 76.3 91.5 53.5 72.5 68.7
2017 74.9 99.7 52.6 75.6 69.8
Self-sufficiency (%) = Production/consumption (where consumption is production + imports – exports)Source: AHDB. Calculations based on data from Defra, IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 5.2 Per capita meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017Table 5.3 Self-sufficiency rates, UK, 2014–2017
Table 5.1 Meat consumption, UK, 2014–2017Figure 5.1 Trends in meat consumption, UK, 1997–2017
16
Consumption
Figure 5.2 Percentage of beef and lamb sold under British logo, GB, 2016–2018
Source: ESA
LambBeef
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Jan 18Jun 17Jan 17Jun 16Jan 16
%
81 85 81 84 82
73 71 72 7381
Figure 5.2 Percentage of beef and lamb sold under British logo, GB, 2016–2018
17
Figure 5.3 Change in source of retail meat purchases by volume, GB, 2014 and 2017
Data covers 52 weeks ending late December the same year/early January of the next yearSource: Kantar Worldpanel
Consumption
2014(%)
2017(%)
4 21
68
8
10
7
6415
3
7
81 3
Freezer centres
Other multiples
Total independents & symbols
Total butchersOther retailers (non-grocers)
Top 5 multiples
Hard discounters
Freezer centres
Other multiples
Total independents & symbols
Total butchersOther retailers (non-grocers)
Top 5 multiples
Hard discounters
Figure 5.3 Change in source of retail meat purchas-es by volume, GB, 2014 and 2017
Figure 5.2 Percentage of beef and lamb sold under British logo, GB, 2016–2018
18
Consumption
Figure 5.4 Change in retail volume and value sales of beef products, GB, 2014 and 2017
a = includes Marinades, Frozen pies & puddings, and Ready to cookData covers 52 weeks ending late December the same year/early January of the next yearSource: Kantar Worldpanel
ValueVolume
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
-10
4
12
4 4
8
10
18
10
5
-14
2
11
1 2
13
10
12
20
16
Roas
ting
Stew
ing
Fryi
ng/g
rillin
g st
eak
Min
ce
Burg
ers
& gr
ills
Fres
h ho
t pie
s
Past
ies
Chi
lled
mai
n m
eal
acc
ompa
nim
ents
Read
y m
eals
Oth
era
%
Figure 5.4 Change in retail volume and value sales of beef products, GB, 2014 and 2017
19
Figure 5.5 Percentage of beef products sold on promotion, GB, 2014–2017
Data covers 52 weeks ending late December the same year/early January of the next yearSource: Kantar Worldpanel
The eFoodChainMap from AHDB is an interactive UK map, which plots a range of information, including the location of abattoirs, auction markets, meat processors and meat traders using colour coded pins.The map can be accessed at the website: www.emap.org.uk/map.aspx
Consumption
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
MinceFrying/grilling steak
StewingRoastingFresh & frozen primary beef
%
20152014 20172016
45
47 48
43
45
35
50
40 41
27
34
41 40
35
30
27 25
34
28 26
Figure 5.5 Percentage of beef products sold on promotion, GB, 2014–2017
20
Consumption
Figure 5.6 Retail expenditure profile for beef, GB, 2017
a = includes single protein meal solutionsData covers 52 weeks ending 31 December 2017Source: Kantar Worldpanel
Fresh/frozen beef £2,250 million
Retailexpenditure
profile(%)
Retailexpenditure
profile(%)
Processed beef £1,025 million
30
1247
29
Stewing
Frozen ready meals
Other
Ready to cook
Burgers and grills
Frying/grilling
Mince
Chilled main mealaccompanimentsa
Roasting
Chilled ready meals
5
36
1230
18
Figure 5.6 Retail expenditure profile for beef, GB, 2017
21
Table 6.1 Deadweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017
p per kgSteers Young bulls
R4L Overall R4L Overall
2014 360.5 351.1 329.7 318.0
2015 357.9 347.9 337.8 325.9
2016 347.4 335.8 326.0 314.6
2017 372.3 359.6 352.4 340.2
p per kgHeifers Cull cows
R4L Overall -O4L Overall
2014 357.4 353.1 238.5 221.9
2015 356.8 349.5 239.4 218.5
2016 346.8 337.9 226.6 203.0
2017 371.2 362.4 262.5 237.0
Chapter 6 – Livestock and Meat Prices
Table 6.1 Deadweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017
Chapter 6 – Livestock and Meat PricesFigure 5.6 Retail expenditure profile for beef, GB, 2017
22
Table 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2014–2017
Overall (p per kg)
England and Wales
Steers Young bulls Heifers Cull cows
2014 343.8 315.0 345.7 214.3
2015 342.1 323.6 343.6 208.8
2016 330.3 311.4 332.1 199.3
2017 354.2 336.4 356.9 233.7
Overall(p per kg)
Scotland
Steers Young bulls Heifers Cull cows
2014 368.8 338.7 369.9 239.3
2015 362.1 342.4 363.1 240.6
2016 351.0 330.9 353.6 229.6
2017 375.2 357.2 377.3 261.8
Figure 6.1 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2014–2017
Livestock and Meat Prices
Based on GB monthly deadweight cattle prices for steers
300
320
340
360
380
400
DecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJan
p pe
r kg
dead
wei
ght
2014 2015 2016 2017
Table 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2014–2017Figure 6.1 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2014–2017
23
Livestock and Meat Prices
Table 6.3 Liveweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017
p per kg All prime cattle Steers Young
bulls Heifers Cull cows
2014 182.8 183.2 165.7 195.3 107.5
2015 188.6 186.7 174.6 198.6 105.2
2016 183.0 180.5 169.3 193.9 98.8
2017 194.3 192.1 183.2 203.3 115.0
Source: AHDB, LAA, IAAS
Table 6.4 Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017
£ per head
Friesian/ Holstein/Cross Hereford/Cross Continental/Cross
Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers
2014 38.94 64.38 175.85 122.24 231.05 176.97
2015 53.73 64.04 221.03 166.02 268.77 216.90
2016 41.64 46.06 187.25 138.25 238.02 193.26
2017 44.81 48.13 173.10 129.34 236.88 195.72
Source: AHDB, LAA
Table 6.3 Liveweight cattle prices, GB, 2014–2017Table 6.4 Rearing calf prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017
Table 6.2 Deadweight cattle prices by region, GB, 2014–2017Figure 6.1 Seasonality of beef prices, GB, 2014–2017
24
Table 6.5 Store cattle prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017
£ per head
Yearlings 18 Months 2 Years
Steers Heifers Steers Heifers Steers Heifers
Friesian/Holstein/Cross
2014 362.75 310.82 520.38 455.19 659.23 579.29
2015 447.58 391.12 612.58 528.60 733.41 648.78
2016 362.57 322.38 519.37 447.51 648.07 587.64
2017 403.70 380.98 572.95 499.53 704.22 639.13
Hereford/Cross
2014 655.16 492.93 795.53 633.81 929.18 758.57
2015 686.76 542.23 818.58 682.24 951.12 794.15
2016 643.53 496.73 770.16 632.71 882.31 738.99
2017 668.52 522.78 792.26 648.52 919.06 779.68
Continental/Cross
2014 856.06 720.18 952.43 828.22 1,040.23 900.07
2015 894.52 771.13 988.69 867.16 1,082.23 959.42
2016 843.24 732.59 937.99 831.98 1,013.38 902.30
2017 885.30 769.73 975.31 866.49 1,059.16 950.01
Others/Cross
2014 648.23 517.70 767.47 644.82 879.75 763.96
2015 701.06 574.53 816.74 693.14 938.03 816.79
2016 646.00 520.81 772.00 656.19 887.79 765.85
2017 703.29 567.73 829.06 706.21 944.80 830.36
Source: AHDB, LAA
Livestock and Meat Prices
Table 6.5 Store cattle prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017
25
Livestock and Meat Prices
Table 6.6 Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, 2014–2017
p per kgAverage
farm price
Average retail pricea
Actual price
spread
Producershare of
retail price(%)
Othersshare of
retail priceb
(%)
2014 348.3 701.5 353.2 49.6 50.4
2015 346.3 699.9 353.6 49.5 50.5
2016 334.6 688.3 353.7 48.6 51.4
2017 359.1 698.6 339.5 51.4 48.6
a = Retail prices converted to an untrimmed carcase equivalent and adjustment made for drip lossb = This is the share received by rest of supply chain, including retailers, processers and wholesalersSource: AHDB
Table 6.6 Farm to retail beef price spreads, GB, 2014–2017
Table 6.5 Store cattle prices, England and Wales, 2014–2017
26
Chapter 7 – Imports and Exports
Table 7.1 Volume and value of beef and veal imports, UK, 2014–2017
Fresh/frozen Processed Offal‘000 tonnes £ million ‘000 tonnes £ million ‘000 tonnes £ million
2014 254.8 981.9 77.4 229.8 19.3 14.8
2015 269.7 1,032.6 77.3 226.6 16.8 16.8
2016 263.6 1,016.2 77.9 224.9 13.2 19.0
2017 275.4 1,077.2 79.8 257.1 9.1 15.7
Volumes are shipped product weightData as at June 2018Source: IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by source, UK, 2014–2017
‘000 tonnes 2014 2015 2016 2017Fresh/frozen 254.8 269.7 263.6 275.4
Bone-in 54.2 61.9 54.8 59.0Boneless 200.6 207.7 208.7 216.3Frozen 67.2 67.3 71.4 79.7Fresh/chilled 187.7 202.4 192.2 195.6
EU-28 227.3 244.7 242.7 259.6Irish Republic 179.0 183.7 183.5 194.0Netherlands 16.8 20.4 19.5 20.7Poland 8.2 14.1 14.6 19.6Germany 9.0 11.5 11.4 10.3Italy 3.4 3.1 4.5 3.4
Non-EU 27.5 24.9 20.9 15.8Botswana 3.6 4.3 4.0 3.9Australia 7.3 6.6 4.4 2.9Brazil 4.2 3.7 3.6 2.5Uruguay 3.1 3.4 3.1 2.2Namibia 5.1 4.3 3.4 2.1New Zealand 4.0 2.1 1.2 1.1
Volumes are shipped product weightData as at June 2018Source: IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 7.1 Volume and value of beef and veal imports, UK, 2014–2017Table 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by source, UK, 2014–2017
Chapter 7 – Imports and Exports
27
Table 7.3 Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, 2014–2017
‘000 tonnes 2014 2015 2016 2017Corned beef 29.6 29.7 29.3 25.4
Brazil 28.4 22.7 26.1 20.6France 0.8 4.3 2.8 4.4Irish Republic 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2
Other processed beef 47.8 47.6 48.6 54.4Irish Republic 35.5 35.4 37.9 39.6Sweden 2.2 2.9 3.1 3.6
Beef offal 19.3 16.8 13.2 9.1Irish Republic 13.3 10.6 5.7 4.1Germany 1.9 2.4 2.1 1.5
Volumes are shipped product weightData as at June 2018Source: IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Figure 7.1 Imports of beef and veal by product, UK, 2017
Imports and Exports
Volumes are shipped product weightData as at June 2018Source: IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
40
10
21
22
51
Importsof beef and veal
(%)
Chilled boneless
Frozen boneless
Chilled carcases
Chilled bone-in
Frozen bone-in
Processed
Table 7.3 Imports of processed beef and beef offal by source, UK, 2014–2017Figure 7.1 Imports of beef and veal by product, UK, 2017
Table 7.1 Volume and value of beef and veal imports, UK, 2014–2017Table 7.2 Imports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by source, UK, 2014–2017
28
Table 7.4 Volume and value of beef and veal exports, UK, 2014–2017
Fresh/frozen Offal
‘000 tonnes £ million ‘000 tonnes £ million
2014 112.3 374.9 44.2 62.9
2015 100.5 342.2 47.8 61.0
2016 110.4 369.3 42.2 53.0
2017 105.6 405.1 41.7 60.5
Volumes are shipped product weightData as at June 2018Source: IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Table 7.5 Exports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by destination, UK, 2014–2017
‘000 tonnes 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fresh/frozen 112.3 100.5 110.4 105.6
Bone-in 47.5 28.0 30.8 30.1
Boneless 64.8 72.5 79.6 75.5
Frozen 20.5 20.4 27.8 27.0
Fresh/chilled 91.8 80.1 82.6 78.6
EU-28 104.1 92.4 98.5 92.3
Irish Republic 36.3 36.8 36.3 34.2
Netherlands 33.6 22.2 26.4 24.0
France 9.8 10.1 8.9 8.2
Italy 6.5 6.1 5.5 5.1
Germany 3.4 2.8 3.6 4.0
Belgium 6.4 4.0 3.4 3.7
Denmark 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.8
Non-EU 8.1 8.0 12.0 13.3
Volumes are shipped product weightData as at June 2018Source: IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Imports and Exports
Table 7.4 Volume and value of beef and veal exports, UK, 2014–2017Table 7.5 Exports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by destination, UK, 2014–2017
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Helping key stakeholders and Government to seek the best possible deal for our industries outside the EU.
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29
Table 7.6 Exports of beef offal by destination, UK, 2014–2017
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
‘000 tonnes £ million
Total 44.2 47.8 42.2 41.7 62.9 61.0 53.0 60.5
EU-28 25.9 24.7 22.4 20.6 35.0 27.1 27.5 29.7
Non-EU-28 18.3 23.1 19.8 21.1 27.9 33.8 25.4 30.8
Volumes are shipped product weightData as at June 2018Source: IHS Maritime & Trade – Global Trade Atlas®/HMRC
Imports and Exports
Table 7.6 Exports of beef offal by destination, UK, 2014–2017
Table 7.4 Volume and value of beef and veal exports, UK, 2014–2017Table 7.5 Exports of fresh/frozen beef and veal by destination, UK, 2014–2017
30
Figure 7.2 Map of UK fresh/frozen beef and veal exports by destination, 2017
Imports and Exports
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Figure 7.2 Map of UK fresh/frozen beef and veal exports by destination, 2017
31
Table 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2014–2017
2014 2015 2016 2017
Abattoir numbers 186 192 188 184
Throughput (‘000 GBU) 7,629 7,969 8,057 8,034
Average throughput (GBU) 41,021 41,508 42,858 43,661
Types of abattoirs
Killing cattle 157 164 162 154
Killing sheep 152 157 155 150
Killing pigs 115 116 118 112
1 GBU = 1 cattle beast or 2 pigs or 5 sheep
Table 8.2 Size profile of red meat abattoirs, England, 2017
Size group (GBU)
Number of abattoirs
Total throughput
(GBU)
Average throughput
(GBU)
Share of throughput
(%)
1–1,000 43 17,248 401 0.2
1,001–5,000 36 85,619 2,378 1.1
5,001–10,000 17 117,273 6,898 1.5
10,001–20,000 24 366,072 15,253 4.6
20,001–30,000 7 176,363 25,195 2.2
30,001–50,000 23 911,408 39,626 11.3
50,001–100,000 15 1,040,893 69,393 13.0
>100,000 19 5,318,672 279,930 66.2
Total 184 8,033,549 43,661 100.0
1 GBU = 1 cattle beast or 2 pigs or 5 sheep
Chapter 8 – Abattoirs
Chapter 8 – Abattoirs Table 8.1 Red meat abattoir numbers by type, England, 2014–2017Table 8.2 Size profile of red meat abattoirs, Eng-land, 2017
Figure 7.2 Map of UK fresh/frozen beef and veal exports by destination, 2017
32
Table 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering sheep, England, 2017
Size group (head)
Number of abattoirs
Total throughput
(head)
Average throughput
(head)
Share of throughput
(%)
1–1,000 77 21,873 284 1.3
1,001–5,000 25 60,270 2,411 3.6
5,001–10,000 20 142,859 7,143 8.5
10,001–20,000 8 125,389 15,674 7.4
20,001–30,000 4 101,820 25,455 6.0
30,001–50,000 7 279,370 39,910 16.5
>50,000 13 958,331 73,718 56.7
Total 154 1,689,912 10,973 100.0
Total 150 9,955,640 66,371 100.0
Includes cattle and calves
Abattoirs
Table 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, 2017
33
Table 9.1 Auction market throughputs by region, GB, 2017
‘000 head England Wales Scotland GB
Steers 42 4 6 52
Heifers 66 4 11 82
Young bulls 55 1 1 57
Total prime cattle 164 8 18 191
Cull cows 107 13 32 151
Data relates to finished markets onlySource: AHDB, LAA, IAAS
Table 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2014–2017
Number England Wales Scotland GB
2014 71 26 18 115
2015 72 26 17 115
2016 71 26 18 115
2017 71 26 16 113
Data relates to finished markets onlySource: LAA, IAAS
Table 9.3 Auction market sales held by region, GB, 2014–2017
Number England Wales Scotland GB
2014 4,225 1,346 978 6,549
2015 4,216 1,371 998 6,585
2016 4,145 1,390 950 6,485
2017 4,006 1,337 850 6,193
Data relates to finished markets onlySource: LAA, IAAS
Chapter 9 – Auction Markets
Table 9.1 Auction market throughputs by region, GB, 2017Table 9.2 Auction market centres by region, GB, 2014–2017Table 9.3 Auction markets sales held by region, GB, 2014–2017
Chapter 9 – Auction MarketsTable 8.3 Size profile of abattoirs slaughtering cattle, England, 2017
34
Table 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2017
Size group (head)Number
of auction centres
Total marketings
(head)
Average throughput
(head)
Share of throughput
(%)
1–2,500 45 30,946 688 9.1
2,501–5,000 18 61,132 3,396 17.9
5,001–7,500 5 29,716 5,943 8.7
7,501–10,000 8 70,290 8,786 20.6
10,001–12,500 3 33,115 11,038 9.7
>12,500 7 116,531 16,647 34.1
Total 86 341,730 3,974 100.0
Source: AHDB, LAA, IAAS
Table 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2017
Size group (head)Number
of auction centres
Total marketings
(head)
Average throughput
(head)
Share of throughput
(%)
1–2,500 27 21,231 786 7.8
2,501–5,000 15 50,174 3,345 18.5
5,001–7,500 3 18,066 6,022 6.7
7,501–10,000 5 43,338 8,668 16.0
10,001–12,500 2 21,385 10,573 7.9
>12,500 7 116,531 16,647 43.0
Total 59 270,725 4,589 100.0
Source: AHDB, LAA
Auction Markets
Table 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2017Table 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2017
35
Table 9.6 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, 2017
Size group (head)Number
of auction centres
Total marketings
(head)
Average throughput
(head)
Share of throughput
(%)
1–2,500 13 6,763 520 32.2
2,501–5,000 1 4,404 4,404 20.9
5,001–7,500 – – – –
7,501–10,000 1 9,868 9,868 46.9
10,001–12,500 – – – –
>12,500 – – – –
Total 15 21,035 1,402 100.0
Source: AHDB, LAA
Table 9.7 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, 2017
Size group (head)Number
of auction centres
Total marketings
(head)
Average throughput
(head)
Share of throughput
(%)
1–2,500 5 2,952 590 5.9
2,501–5,000 2 6,554 3,277 13.1
5,001–7,500 2 11,650 5,825 23.3
7,501–10,000 2 17,084 8,542 34.2
10,001–12,500 1 11,730 11,730 23.5
>12,500 – – – –
Total 12 49,970 4,164 100.0
Source: AHDB, IAAS
Auction Markets
Table 9.6 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Wales, 2017Table 9.7 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, Scotland, 2017
Table 9.4 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, GB, 2017Table 9.5 Auction markets selling finished cattle by size, England, 2017
36
Table 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017
Head % share
Top 3 42,103 22.1
Top 5 64,974 34.1
Top 10 104,746 55.0
Total GB throughput 190,585 100.0
Source: AHDB, LAA, IAAS
Table 9.9 Largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017
Ten largest auction marketsa
Bridgnorth Darlington Ludlow
Market Drayton Mold Newark
Northallerton Selby Thirsk
York
a = In alphabetical, not size orderSource: AHDB, LAA, IAAS
Auction Markets
Table 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017Table 9.9 Largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017
37
Table 10.1 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2017
Prime cattle (%)Fat class Increasing fatness
1 2 3 4L 4H 5L 5H Total
Con
form
atio
n cl
ass
Impr
ovin
g co
nfor
mat
ion
E 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5
U+ 0.1 1.0 2.2 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.3
-U 0.1 1.5 6.2 5.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 14.9
R 0.1 2.9 16.2 18.9 6.2 0.4 0.0 44.6
O+ 0.1 1.5 7.4 9.2 3.2 0.3 0.0 21.7
-O 0.1 1.6 5.7 3.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 11.7
P+ 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8
-P 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
Total 1.0 9.4 38.7 38.9 11.2 0.7 0.1
Please note totals may not add up due to rounding
Table 10.2 Distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2014–2017
% Steers Heifers Young bulls
2014 57 33 11
2015 58 33 10
2016* 58 33 9
2017* 58 34 7
*Change in sampling methodologySource: AHDB, MLCSL
Chapter 10 – Carcase Classification
Table 10.1 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2017
Chapter 10 – Carcase ClassificationTable 9.8 Market share of largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017Table 9.9 Largest auction markets selling prime cattle, GB, 2017
38
Table 10.3 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2007 and 2017
%Fat class
1 and 2 3 4 5
2007 11.3 28.7 58.9 1.1
2017* 10.4 38.7 50.1 0.8
%Conformation class
E U R O P
2007 0.3 15.6 44.3 38.0 1.8
2017* 0.5 19.2 44.6 33.4 2.2
*Change in sampling methodologySource: AHDB, MLCSL
Carcase Classification
Table 10.2 Distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2014–2017Table 10.3 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2007 and 2017
39
Figure 10.1 Prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, 2007 and 2017
Carcase Classification
*Change in sampling methodologySource: AHDB, MLCSL
2007
Primebeef carcasesmeeting targetspecification
(%)
Primebeef carcasesmeeting targetspecification
(%)
2017*
11 8
3249
36
4 4
56
Too fatToo fat
Too fat and ofpoor conformation
Too fat and ofpoor conformation
Target: E–Rconformation and 1–4L fat
Target: E–Rconformation and 1–4L fat
Lean but of poor
conformation
Lean but of poor
conformation
Figure 10.1 Prime beef carcases meeting target specification, GB, 2007 and 2017
Table 10.2 Distribution of prime beef carcases, GB, 2014–2017Table 10.3 Distribution of prime beef carcases by conformation and fat class, GB, 2007 and 2017
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