TWENTIETH CENTURYTWENTIETH CENTURY

ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

• Organic relationship between the structure and the site

• Hearth should be the core of a house • Extensive use of cantilevered balconies and

roofs • Most famous homes-Robie House and

Fallingwater

Frank Lloyd Wright

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 1907-1909."natural" Architecture

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Kaufmann House (Fallingwater), Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1936-1939.

Extensive use of plant-like imagery

Art Nouveau

Tassel House by Victor Horta

Floors, walls, and stairs decorated with plant motifs

Metal columns and railings have plant-like designs

Casa Mila by Antonio Gaudi Influenced by cliff and sands of Spanish coast Undulating facade, use of plant-like designs

De Stijl

• Developed in Holland in 1920s• Sleek appearance devoid of embellishments •Flat planes, basic geometric shapes, straight lines •Efficient designs; functional furniture

Schroder House by Gerrit Rietveld Use of basic shapes and colors-rectangles,

primary colors Similar to Mondrian paintings

Key Points School of art and architecture from 1919-

1933 Taught modern concepts of design Curriculum combined art, crafts, and

architecture Principles taught at Bauhaus inspired

International Style

The Bauhaus

WALTER GROPIUS, Shop Block, the Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany, 1925-1926.

Famous section of the Bauhaus Example of modern architecture Extensive use of windows to provide natural light and air Moveable interior walls; flexible space

Key Points Based upon Mies van der Rohe's principle:

"Less is more." Architecture should be practical and

functional; no unnecessary exterior decoration

Use modern materials and support methods-glass, steel, and cantilevers

The International Style

Le Corbusier-Villa Savoye; home should be a "machine for living;" basic geometric shapes and flat planes.

LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE and PHILIP JOHNSON, Seagram Building, New York, 1956-1958.

Key Points Critical of Modernist architecture; too impersonal and sterile "Less is a bore" Architecture should consider an area's history and diversity Very eclectic-borrows from a number of style

Post-Modern Architecture (1980s)

Pompidou Centre by Piano and Rogers--exposes the structure's interior supports

Portland Building by Michael Graves-uses different shapes, colors, and materials on building's surface

AT&T Building by Philip Johnson-combines elements of International Style (sleek lines; efficient use of space, minimal surface decoration) with such classical elements as large round arch and pediment

Deconstructivist Architecture

Key Points Emphasizes the instability of life and society-no universal concepts and ideas Uses unique forms, harsh angles, and new materials to create unstable designs that shock the viewer

Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, by Frank Gehry

Titanium surface-light, strong, highly reflective Futurist appearance-swooping, sharp angles Asymmetrical composition-lacks balance and order

associated with Modernism