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TWENTIETH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE. Organic relationship between the structure and the site Hearth...
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Transcript of TWENTIETH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE. Organic relationship between the structure and the site Hearth...
TWENTIETH CENTURYTWENTIETH CENTURY
ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
• Organic relationship between the structure and the site
• Hearth should be the core of a house • Extensive use of cantilevered balconies and
roofs • Most famous homes-Robie House and
Fallingwater
Frank Lloyd Wright
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 1907-1909."natural" Architecture
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Kaufmann House (Fallingwater), Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1936-1939.
Extensive use of plant-like imagery
Art Nouveau
Tassel House by Victor Horta
Floors, walls, and stairs decorated with plant motifs
Metal columns and railings have plant-like designs
Casa Mila by Antonio Gaudi Influenced by cliff and sands of Spanish coast Undulating facade, use of plant-like designs
De Stijl
• Developed in Holland in 1920s• Sleek appearance devoid of embellishments •Flat planes, basic geometric shapes, straight lines •Efficient designs; functional furniture
Schroder House by Gerrit Rietveld Use of basic shapes and colors-rectangles,
primary colors Similar to Mondrian paintings
Key Points School of art and architecture from 1919-
1933 Taught modern concepts of design Curriculum combined art, crafts, and
architecture Principles taught at Bauhaus inspired
International Style
The Bauhaus
WALTER GROPIUS, Shop Block, the Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany, 1925-1926.
Famous section of the Bauhaus Example of modern architecture Extensive use of windows to provide natural light and air Moveable interior walls; flexible space
Key Points Based upon Mies van der Rohe's principle:
"Less is more." Architecture should be practical and
functional; no unnecessary exterior decoration
Use modern materials and support methods-glass, steel, and cantilevers
The International Style
Le Corbusier-Villa Savoye; home should be a "machine for living;" basic geometric shapes and flat planes.
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE and PHILIP JOHNSON, Seagram Building, New York, 1956-1958.
Key Points Critical of Modernist architecture; too impersonal and sterile "Less is a bore" Architecture should consider an area's history and diversity Very eclectic-borrows from a number of style
Post-Modern Architecture (1980s)
Pompidou Centre by Piano and Rogers--exposes the structure's interior supports
Portland Building by Michael Graves-uses different shapes, colors, and materials on building's surface
AT&T Building by Philip Johnson-combines elements of International Style (sleek lines; efficient use of space, minimal surface decoration) with such classical elements as large round arch and pediment
Deconstructivist Architecture
Key Points Emphasizes the instability of life and society-no universal concepts and ideas Uses unique forms, harsh angles, and new materials to create unstable designs that shock the viewer
Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, by Frank Gehry
Titanium surface-light, strong, highly reflective Futurist appearance-swooping, sharp angles Asymmetrical composition-lacks balance and order
associated with Modernism