THE UNITED KINGDOM Aims of presentation:
To introduce new material in an effective way and in an interesting context
To make the meaning vocabulary items and language forms as clear as possible
To provide opportunities to use English for speaking
To give pupils an opportunity in creating his own material on topic
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1.What are the two large islands that lie to the north-west of Europe? They are British Islands :Great Britain and Ireland.2.What other country is situated on the British Isles? Ireland is.3. What are the countries of the United Kingdom ? The countries are : England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.4. What are water bodies that separate Britain from continent? The UK is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover.5. What is the UK washed by? The UK is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east.
Its Location
The United Kingdom is an island nation, surrounded by water. The English Channel lies to the south of England and separates the United Kingdom from France. The North Sea lies to the east. The Irish Sea lies west of Wales and northern England and southeast of Northern Ireland and thereby separates Great Britain from Ireland. The Atlantic Ocean washes up on the shores of southwestern England, the northwestern coast of Northern Ireland, and western Scotland.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland is the political union of
England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern
Ireland. It is not a federation but a
unitary state, and its inhabitants elect
members to represent them in a
parliament that meets in London.
Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland,
however, retain autonomy in running
some of their own affairs.
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Constitution
The United Kingdom does not have a written constitution like that of the United States. The British constitution is formed partly by statutes, or legislative enactments of Parliament; partly by common law, based on decisions of courts of law; and partly by practices and precepts, which are known as conventions. These conventions are not part of the law of the country but are nevertheless necessary for running the machinery of government. Because the constitution is not written, it can be adapted as necessary either by an act of Parliament or by the general acceptance of a new convention.There are three organs of government in the constitution: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The legislature consists of Parliament, which is the supreme authority in the country. The executive consists of the Cabinet members and other ministers who make and direct the policy of the country, along with government departments and local authorities. The judiciary determines common law and also interprets statutes.
Britain's Queen Since 1952, the sovereign of
the United Kingdom has been
Queen Elizabeth II. In effect the
United Kingdom is governed by
her majesty's government in the
queen's name.
The queen still has several
significant functions. She calls
and dissolves Parliament, and
she opens a new session with a
speech from the throne. This
speech is not written by her,
however, but by the government
in power, and it outlines the
government's policy for the
forthcoming session of
Parliament.
Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by her husband, Prince Philip
Northern Ireland
The northeastern part of the island of Ireland is
occupied by, a part of the United Kingdom. It covers
only one sixth of the total area of the island but has
about one third of the population. The rest of the island
is occupied by the Republic of Ireland.
Northern Ireland is sometimes called Ulster because it
includes six of the nine counties that made up the early
Celtic kingdom, or province, of Ulster. The cultural
links of most of the people of Northern Ireland with
Scotland and England are quite strong, while a large
share of the population has closer familial ties with the
Republic of Ireland.
The capital and largest city is Belfast, a
seaport on the east coast with a population
of about 300,000. Belfast has large
shipbuilding, aircraft and aerospace, and
automobile industries. It also makes textile,
marine, and mining machinery; rope and
twine; and cotton textiles
W a l e s
One of the countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland, Wales has retained a character of
its own—the result of the Celtic culture of its people and its
landscape of hills and small mountains. Although much of Wales
is still a land of picturesque mountains and valleys, the
existence of large coalfields in the south of the country brought
industry and urbanization, much of which had a profound
impact on the country's vistas.
The capital and largest city in Wales is Cardiff, with
more than 300,000 inhabitants in the early 21st
century . Other large cities are Swansea, Neath Port
Talbot, and Newport.
Scotland
In 1707, however, Scotland was joined to England, and the entire island became a single kingdom, the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The Scots, however, remain a distinct people with a long history substantially different from that of England.
Edinburgh Castle is one of Scotland's most popular tourist attractions.
The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh
Ships that serve oil platforms in the North Sea dock in the port at Aberdeen, Scotland. The United Kingdom's oil industry is centered in Aberdeen.
The nation of Scotland occupies the
northern part of the island of Great
Britain.
England
The largest and most populated country of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is England. By
world standards, however, it is not large nor is it particularly
rich in natural resources; yet its political and economic power
in the past was virtually unrivaled. Today England's influence
on the international scene is not as great, but it still remains
a cultural force in the English-speaking world.
North front of Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire,
England; designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor and built in
1705–25.
England is mainly a lowland country. Only in the
northwest, in the area known as the Lake District, are
there mountains of any height
Because of its relatively small size, England contains few
long rivers. The longest are the Severn, which begins in
Wales and flows for 210 miles (340 kilometers), the
Thames (200 miles, 320 kilometers), and the Trent (175
miles, 280 kilometers). These rivers have a number of
tributaries..
There are few lakes of any size, the largest being Lake Windermere in the Lake District
There are nearly 47 million people living in England, of which almost 80 percent live in cities.
The English are proud of their cultural heritage. They have a rich literary and artistic tradition, which has influenced the development of English-speaking cultures around the world. London is a world center for the theater, music, and opera, and many English actors, playwrights, composers, performing musicians, dancers, writers, sculptors, and painters are internationally famous. Annual festivals of the arts are held in several English towns and cities.
Land and Climate A long stretch of coastline is preserved in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park of southwestern Wales, United Kingdom.
Most of Wales consists of mountains and hills of ancient origin. The main range is
the Cambrian Mountains, which extends from north to south. The highest massif,
however, is the Snowdonia. It lies in the northwest and contains the highest
mountain in Wales, Snowdon, which is 3,560 feet (1,085 meters) in height.
London west-southwest view of skyline
Skyline of London from the Golden Gallery above the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral, looking west-southwest.
The Tower of London lies on the north bank of the River Thames. The earliest part of the fortification, the White Tower, at center right, was built in the 11th century and was later topped by four cupolas. The Traitors' Gate, at center left, dates from the 13th century.
St. Paul's Cathedral
Designed and built (1675–
1710) under the supervision of
Sir Christopher Wren, it
combines Neoclassical,
Gothic, and Baroque
elements.
Tower Bridge, a London icon designed by Sir Horace Jones, opened to road traffic in 1894. The steel and stone construction was initially derided, but it gradually won popular approval.
Royal Albert-hall. It is constructed in 1867-1871, it is named in memory of prince
Albert, the spouse of the queen Victoria. It represents a round brick building under a
dome from glass and metal where since 1941 annual concerts of classical music with
participation of world celebrities, sports actions, and also meetings are hold . The
monument to prince Albert is established near to Albert-hall .
Trafalgar square
The column of Nelson is erected to
Trafalgar-square in 1842 under
the project of architect John Nash.
Height of the column - 50 m. In
1867 at a column foot have been
established sculptures of four lions
Big Ben
Piccadilly Square.
the most well-known tower clock in the world is located in a tower of the Westminster palace. The 13-ton bell is placed on a tower, which ring Londoners have heard for the first time in 1859.The clock have received the name in honour of the main inspector of regenerative works in Westminster Benjamin Holl.
Westminster Abbey
It is a great Gothic church, is the most historic
building in the West End. Begun by Edward the
Confessor in the 11th century, it has been rebuilt
and enlarged since the reign of Henry III. England's
kings and queens are crowned in the church, and
some are buried there. Westminster Abbey also
contains a great many tombs, monuments, and
tablets commemorating statesmen and priests,
scientists and artists, warriors and poets.
Колесо обозрения «Миллениум» было сооружено к встрече 21 века в центре Лондона
на берегу Темзы.
The big wheel "Millennium" has been built to a meeting of 21 centuries in the centre of London on the bank of Thames.
National emblems
Many nations of the world have
chosen flowers as national emblems.
Some of the nations that have adopted national
flowers are:England, the rose; Ireland, the shamrock;
Scotland, the thistle; Wales, the daffodil.
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