THE UNITED KINGDOM Aims of presentation:

To introduce new material in an effective way and in an interesting context

To make the meaning vocabulary items and language forms as clear as possible

To provide opportunities to use English for speaking

To give pupils an opportunity in creating his own material on topic

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THE UNITED KINGDOM

LOOK AT THE MAP

1.What are the two large islands that lie to the north-west of Europe? They are British Islands :Great Britain and Ireland.2.What other country is situated on the British Isles? Ireland is.3. What are the countries of the United Kingdom ? The countries are : England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.4. What are water bodies that separate Britain from continent? The UK is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover.5. What is the UK washed by? The UK is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east.

The Union Jack

It is the flag of the United

Kingdom.

It is made up of three crosses

Its Location

The United Kingdom is an island nation, surrounded by water. The English Channel lies to the south of England and separates the United Kingdom from France. The North Sea lies to the east. The Irish Sea lies west of Wales and northern England and southeast of Northern Ireland and thereby separates Great Britain from Ireland. The Atlantic Ocean washes up on the shores of southwestern England, the northwestern coast of Northern Ireland, and western Scotland.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland is the political union of

England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern

Ireland. It is not a federation but a

unitary state, and its inhabitants elect

members to represent them in a

parliament that meets in London.

Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland,

however, retain autonomy in running

some of their own affairs.

Af‘fair-дело

Constitution

The United Kingdom does not have a written constitution like that of the United States. The British constitution is formed partly by statutes, or legislative enactments of Parliament; partly by common law, based on decisions of courts of law; and partly by practices and precepts, which are known as conventions. These conventions are not part of the law of the country but are nevertheless necessary for running the machinery of government. Because the constitution is not written, it can be adapted as necessary either by an act of Parliament or by the general acceptance of a new convention.There are three organs of government in the constitution: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The legislature consists of Parliament, which is the supreme authority in the country. The executive consists of the Cabinet members and other ministers who make and direct the policy of the country, along with government departments and local authorities. The judiciary determines common law and also interprets statutes.

Britain's Queen Since 1952, the sovereign of

the United Kingdom has been

Queen Elizabeth II. In effect the

United Kingdom is governed by

her majesty's government in the

queen's name.

The queen still has several

significant functions. She calls

and dissolves Parliament, and

she opens a new session with a

speech from the throne. This

speech is not written by her,

however, but by the government

in power, and it outlines the

government's policy for the

forthcoming session of

Parliament.

Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by her husband, Prince Philip

Northern Ireland

The northeastern part of the island of Ireland is

occupied by, a part of the United Kingdom. It covers

only one sixth of the total area of the island but has

about one third of the population. The rest of the island

is occupied by the Republic of Ireland.

Northern Ireland is sometimes called Ulster because it

includes six of the nine counties that made up the early

Celtic kingdom, or province, of Ulster. The cultural

links of most of the people of Northern Ireland with

Scotland and England are quite strong, while a large

share of the population has closer familial ties with the

Republic of Ireland.

The capital and largest city is Belfast, a

seaport on the east coast with a population

of about 300,000. Belfast has large

shipbuilding, aircraft and aerospace, and

automobile industries. It also makes textile,

marine, and mining machinery; rope and

twine; and cotton textiles

Northern Ireland

Parliament

House

at Stormont, east

of Belfast.

Queen's University is the oldest university in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

W a l e s

One of the countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great

Britain and Northern Ireland, Wales has retained a character of

its own—the result of the Celtic culture of its people and its

landscape of hills and small mountains. Although much of Wales

is still a land of picturesque mountains and valleys, the

existence of large coalfields in the south of the country brought

industry and urbanization, much of which had a profound

impact on the country's vistas.

W a l e W a l e s

Castle Chepstow.

Founded in

1067.

Blue mountains

The capital and largest city in Wales is Cardiff, with

more than 300,000 inhabitants in the early 21st

century . Other large cities are Swansea, Neath Port

Talbot, and Newport.

Scotland

In 1707, however, Scotland was joined to England, and the entire island became a single kingdom, the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The Scots, however, remain a distinct people with a long history substantially different from that of England.

Edinburgh Castle is one of Scotland's most popular tourist attractions.

The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh

Ships that serve oil platforms in the North Sea dock in the port at Aberdeen, Scotland. The United Kingdom's oil industry is centered in Aberdeen.

The nation of Scotland occupies the

northern part of the island of Great

Britain.

England

The largest and most populated country of the United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is England. By

world standards, however, it is not large nor is it particularly

rich in natural resources; yet its political and economic power

in the past was virtually unrivaled. Today England's influence

on the international scene is not as great, but it still remains

a cultural force in the English-speaking world.

North front of Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire,

England; designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor and built in

1705–25.

England is mainly a lowland country. Only in the

northwest, in the area known as the Lake District, are

there mountains of any height

Because of its relatively small size, England contains few

long rivers. The longest are the Severn, which begins in

Wales and flows for 210 miles (340 kilometers), the

Thames (200 miles, 320 kilometers), and the Trent (175

miles, 280 kilometers). These rivers have a number of

tributaries..

There are few lakes of any size, the largest being Lake Windermere in the Lake District

There are nearly 47 million people living in England, of which almost 80 percent live in cities.

The English are proud of their cultural heritage. They have a rich literary and artistic tradition, which has influenced the development of English-speaking cultures around the world. London is a world center for the theater, music, and opera, and many English actors, playwrights, composers, performing musicians, dancers, writers, sculptors, and painters are internationally famous. Annual festivals of the arts are held in several English towns and cities.

Land and Climate A long stretch of coastline is preserved in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park of southwestern Wales, United Kingdom.

Most of Wales consists of mountains and hills of ancient origin. The main range is

the Cambrian Mountains, which extends from north to south. The highest massif,

however, is the Snowdonia. It lies in the northwest and contains the highest

mountain in Wales, Snowdon, which is 3,560 feet (1,085 meters) in height.

London west-southwest view of skyline

Skyline of London from the Golden Gallery above the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral, looking west-southwest.

British Museum, London, at dusk.

The Tower of London lies on the north bank of the River Thames. The earliest part of the fortification, the White Tower, at center right, was built in the 11th century and was later topped by four cupolas. The Traitors' Gate, at center left, dates from the 13th century.

Houses of Parliament (Westminster Palace) and Big Ben, London, from Westminster Bridge.

St. Paul's Cathedral

Designed and built (1675–

1710) under the supervision of

Sir Christopher Wren, it

combines Neoclassical,

Gothic, and Baroque

elements.

Tower Bridge, a London icon designed by Sir Horace Jones, opened to road traffic in 1894. The steel and stone construction was initially derided, but it gradually won popular approval.

Royal Albert-hall. It is constructed in 1867-1871, it is named in memory of prince

Albert, the spouse of the queen Victoria. It represents a round brick building under a

dome from glass and metal where since 1941 annual concerts of classical music with

participation of world celebrities, sports actions, and also meetings are hold . The

monument to prince Albert is established near to Albert-hall .

Trafalgar square

The column of Nelson is erected to

Trafalgar-square in 1842 under

the project of architect John Nash.

Height of the column - 50 m. In

1867 at a column foot have been

established sculptures of four lions

Big Ben

Piccadilly Square.

the most well-known tower clock in the world is located in a tower of the Westminster palace. The 13-ton bell is placed on a tower, which ring Londoners have heard for the first time in 1859.The clock have received the name in honour of the main inspector of regenerative works in Westminster Benjamin Holl.

Westminster Abbey

It is a great Gothic church, is the most historic

building in the West End. Begun by Edward the

Confessor in the 11th century, it has been rebuilt

and enlarged since the reign of Henry III. England's

kings and queens are crowned in the church, and

some are buried there. Westminster Abbey also

contains a great many tombs, monuments, and

tablets commemorating statesmen and priests,

scientists and artists, warriors and poets.

Колесо обозрения «Миллениум» было сооружено к встрече 21 века в центре Лондона

на берегу Темзы.

The big wheel "Millennium" has been built to a meeting of 21 centuries in the centre of London on the bank of Thames.

National emblems

Many nations of the world have

chosen flowers as national emblems.

Some of the nations that have adopted national

flowers are:England, the rose; Ireland, the shamrock;

Scotland, the thistle; Wales, the daffodil.

QUESTIONS

1. What are the countries of the United Kingdom?

2. Which of four countries is bigger?

3. Why do Scots, Welsh and Irish dislike when the UK is called England?

4. What is the population of the UK?

5. What is the Union Jack?

6. Who does the real power in Britain in belong to?