The Swine Industry
Objectives
Understand importance of the swine industry
Overview of the structure of the swine industry
Become familiar with termsBreeds
Swine Industry: Structural Overview
Concentrated in the MidwestArea of major corn and soybean
productionMajor feed ingredients- complementary
of each other
Corn Production
Primary Energy Source= Corn
Soybean Production
Primary Protein Source= Soybean
Concentration in Midwest
Why not expand?Environmental Issues/ConcernsWhy Midwest?
Large open land massSparse populationReceptive to agriculturePrecedent: Feedlots
Vertical Integration
What is vertical integration?Integrating several stages of production
into single management of one organization
SeedstockFarrow to FinishPacker/Processor
Sectors of the Swine Industry
Seedstock ProductionSell breeding stock (boars and gilts)Supply the genetic base for changeTraditional Producers: produce
purebred stock for use in crossbreeding programs
Hybrid: carefully orchestrated crossbred
Feeder Pig Production
Maintain breeding herdProduct sold: feeder pigs
40 to 60 lbs.2 months of age
Farrowing
Process of sow/gilt giving birthFarrowing stalls:
Protect baby pigProvide dual heat
Drip coolers for sow Heat pads/lamps for pigs
Feeder Pig Production
Production FactorsReproductive PerformanceAverage of 2.5 litters/yrWeaned litter size of 10-12 pigs21 day litter weight- reflects milk
production
Feeder Pig Production
Reproductive Traits are lowly heritableMust properly manage the environmentMinimize diseaseProvide disease adequate nutrition
Grower-Finisher Operations
Purchase Feeder PigsProduct sold: market hogs
Sold at 250 lbs5-6 months of age
Average daily Gain (ADG) 2 lbsFeed Conversion: 3 lbs of feed to 1 lb of
gain
Grower-Finisher Operations
Who’s leaner? Gilts or BarrowsWho eats more feed? Gilts or BarrowsWho grows faster? Gilts or BarrowsWho is more efficient? Gilts or Barrows
Terms
Gilt: Young FemaleSow: Mature FemaleBoar pig: Young, Intact MaleBoar: Mature, Intact MaleBarrow: Young, Castrated MaleStag: Mature, Castrated Male
Terms
Farrowing: Act of giving birthWeaning: Withdrawing young from
mother’s milk
Landrace
WhiteLong BodiedFloppy EarsMothering Ability
Berkshire
Black with 6 white pointsCarcass
Duroc
RedFloppy EarsMothering abilityGrowth Rate
Hampshire
Black with white beltErect EarsMuscle and Carcass Leaness
Spotted
Black and whiteHas Spots!Efficient Gains
Top Related