THE SCIENCE & CULTUREOF THE FILIPINO RESILIENT HOUSEMary Ann EspinaDean, College of ArchitectureUniversity of the Philippines March 23, 2016
INTRODUCTION
The PhilippinesRICH IN NATURAL RESOURCES
The PhilippinesRICH IN NATURAL DISASTERS
Rain-Induced Flooding
High-VelocityWinds
Earthquakes Landslides
The PhilippinesRICH IN NATURAL DISASTERS
Rain-Induced Flooding
High-VelocityWinds
Earthquakes Landslides
RANKED 4th
MOST DISASTER PRONE COUNTRY IN THE WORLD
8 OF THE WORLD’S TOP 10 MOST AT-RISK CITIES
Traditional Filipino WisdomTHE ORIGINAL DISASTER-RESILIENT HOUSES
Traditional Filipino Wisdom
1. ELEVATED HABITABLE SPACESProtect against floods
2. REGULAR GEOMETRIC CONFIGURATIONS help resist lateral forces from earthquakes and wind
3. VOLUMINOUS THATCHED ROOFSaid in wind deflection, efficient water run-off and passive cooling
THE ORIGINAL DISASTER-RESILIENT HOUSES
4. EASILY SOURCED MATERIALS such as bamboo, wood and nipa allow for ease of construction and maintenance
5. TRADITIONAL WOOD JOINERY keeps the structure strong
6. COMMUNITY CLUSTERING and surrounding natural features shield against disasters
Traditional Filipino WisdomTHE ORIGINAL DISASTER-RESILIENT HOUSES
The Current VernacularTRADITIONAL WISDOM LOST IN OUR COLLECTIVE MEMORY
1. HOUSES ROOTED TO THE GROUND increase susceptibility to floods
2. BOLDER MODERN FORMS increase susceptibility to lateral loads
3. FLAT / LOW SLOPED ROOFS not adapted to the Philippine climate
Current SolutionsARE THEY SUITABLE FOR THE FILIPINO CONTEXT?
FOREIGN DESIGN SOLUTIONS may be disaster-resilient HOWEVER
• They do not take into account Filipino CULTURE and CLIMATE during the rest of the year
• Prefabricated models lack COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Holistic IntegrationADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH
CULTURE
CONTEXT
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
MODERNTECHNOLOGY
TRADITIONAL FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE
Holistic IntegrationADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH
CULTURE
CONTEXT
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
MODERNTECHNOLOGY
CURRENT SOLUTIONS
CULTURE
CONTEXT
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
MODERNTECHNOLOGY
1. CULTURE - livability2. CONTEXT – geography
and climate3. MODERN TECHNOLOGY
– new building materials, methodologies
4. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT –personalization that leads to the creation of a home, not just a house
Holistic IntegrationADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH
Building for the FilipinoTHE CASE OF ROBELITO AND SARAH
• How then, do we design architecture for the common Filipino ?
• Not everybody has access to professionals like architects and engineers.
• Such is the story of Robelito and Sarah, victims of Typhoon Haiyan who took effort to rebuild their house.
Building for the FilipinoWHAT ARE THE BUILDING CAPABILITIES OF THE EVERYMAN?
Building for the FilipinoWHAT ARE THE BUILDING CAPABILITIES OF THE EVERYMAN?
MODERNIZING THE TRADITIONAL BAHAY KUBO
Permanent housing
Self-Build HouseDESIGN PROGRAM
Simple construction
Easily replicated
Household of five (5)
Conforms to NBCP standards
Provision of basic necessities: Kitchen Dining area Toilet and bath Areas for privacy
Space for expansion
Minimum floor area of 26sqm
ASSUMED HAZARDS
Hydrometeorological• Flood• Typhoon Winds
Seismological• Ground shaking
Collateral• Ground Rupture• Tsunamis• Storm Surge• Landslides
Self-Build House
SELF-BUILD HOUSE CONCEPT
“KAPIT” – to hold on
“KAPITBAHAY” - neighbor“BAHAY” – house
Self-Build House
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS
Regular shape that is resilient against wind and seismic forces
Elevating on stilts preventsflood from entering the structure
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS
Ideal roof slope with minimal overhangs for wind loads and run off
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS
Slanted walls gives more interior space and enables minimal overhangs
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS
Modular frame allows for easy and convenient horizontal expansion
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE FINAL MODEL
Inspired by the University of San Carlos’ model for transitional / temporary shelters – the ISIGURO DAAN
However, this is only transitional shelter that measures 11sqm in area.
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0INSPIRATION
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0TEMPORARY vs. PERMANENT
ISIGURO DAAN(INSPIRATION)
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0
Increase in floor area from 11sqm to 28.8 sqm
Definition of specific rooms and areas
Inclusion of toilet and kitchen
Increased comfort, livability and disaster resiliency
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE
STORAGE / WOODWORKING AREA
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE
COMMERCIAL AREA
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE
RECREATIONAL AREA
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE
KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE
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