THE SCIENCE & CULTURE OF THE FILIPINO RESILIENT HOUSE

THE SCIENCE & CULTUREOF THE FILIPINO RESILIENT HOUSEMary Ann EspinaDean, College of ArchitectureUniversity of the Philippines March 23, 2016

INTRODUCTION

The PhilippinesRICH IN NATURAL RESOURCES

The PhilippinesRICH IN NATURAL DISASTERS

Rain-Induced Flooding

High-VelocityWinds

Earthquakes Landslides

RANKED 4th

MOST DISASTER PRONE COUNTRY IN THE WORLD

8 OF THE WORLD’S TOP 10 MOST AT-RISK CITIES

Traditional Filipino WisdomTHE ORIGINAL DISASTER-RESILIENT HOUSES

Traditional Filipino Wisdom

1. ELEVATED HABITABLE SPACESProtect against floods

2. REGULAR GEOMETRIC CONFIGURATIONS help resist lateral forces from earthquakes and wind

3. VOLUMINOUS THATCHED ROOFSaid in wind deflection, efficient water run-off and passive cooling

THE ORIGINAL DISASTER-RESILIENT HOUSES

4. EASILY SOURCED MATERIALS such as bamboo, wood and nipa allow for ease of construction and maintenance

5. TRADITIONAL WOOD JOINERY keeps the structure strong

6. COMMUNITY CLUSTERING and surrounding natural features shield against disasters

Traditional Filipino WisdomTHE ORIGINAL DISASTER-RESILIENT HOUSES

The Current VernacularTRADITIONAL WISDOM LOST IN OUR COLLECTIVE MEMORY

1. HOUSES ROOTED TO THE GROUND increase susceptibility to floods

2. BOLDER MODERN FORMS increase susceptibility to lateral loads

3. FLAT / LOW SLOPED ROOFS not adapted to the Philippine climate

Current SolutionsARE THEY SUITABLE FOR THE FILIPINO CONTEXT?

FOREIGN DESIGN SOLUTIONS may be disaster-resilient HOWEVER

• They do not take into account Filipino CULTURE and CLIMATE during the rest of the year

• Prefabricated models lack COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

Holistic IntegrationADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH

CULTURE

CONTEXT

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

MODERNTECHNOLOGY

TRADITIONAL FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE


CULTURE

CONTEXT


MODERNTECHNOLOGY

CURRENT SOLUTIONS

CULTURE

CONTEXT


MODERNTECHNOLOGY

1. CULTURE - livability2. CONTEXT – geography

and climate3. MODERN TECHNOLOGY

– new building materials, methodologies

4. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT –personalization that leads to the creation of a home, not just a house


Building for the FilipinoTHE CASE OF ROBELITO AND SARAH

• How then, do we design architecture for the common Filipino ?

• Not everybody has access to professionals like architects and engineers.

• Such is the story of Robelito and Sarah, victims of Typhoon Haiyan who took effort to rebuild their house.

Building for the FilipinoWHAT ARE THE BUILDING CAPABILITIES OF THE EVERYMAN?

MODERNIZING THE TRADITIONAL BAHAY KUBO

Permanent housing

Self-Build HouseDESIGN PROGRAM

Simple construction

Easily replicated

Household of five (5)

Conforms to NBCP standards

Provision of basic necessities: Kitchen Dining area Toilet and bath Areas for privacy

Space for expansion

Minimum floor area of 26sqm

ASSUMED HAZARDS

Hydrometeorological• Flood• Typhoon Winds

Seismological• Ground shaking

Collateral• Ground Rupture• Tsunamis• Storm Surge• Landslides

Self-Build House

SELF-BUILD HOUSE CONCEPT

“KAPIT” – to hold on

“KAPITBAHAY” - neighbor“BAHAY” – house

Self-Build House

KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE DESIGN PROCESS

Regular shape that is resilient against wind and seismic forces

Elevating on stilts preventsflood from entering the structure


Ideal roof slope with minimal overhangs for wind loads and run off


Slanted walls gives more interior space and enables minimal overhangs


Modular frame allows for easy and convenient horizontal expansion


KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE FINAL MODEL

Inspired by the University of San Carlos’ model for transitional / temporary shelters – the ISIGURO DAAN

However, this is only transitional shelter that measures 11sqm in area.

KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0INSPIRATION

KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0TEMPORARY vs. PERMANENT

ISIGURO DAAN(INSPIRATION)

KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0

Increase in floor area from 11sqm to 28.8 sqm

Definition of specific rooms and areas

Inclusion of toilet and kitchen

Increased comfort, livability and disaster resiliency

KAPIT-BAHAY 1.0SELF-BUILD WOODEN HOUSE

STORAGE / WOODWORKING AREA


COMMERCIAL AREA


RECREATIONAL AREA


THE SCIENCE & CULTURE OF THE FILIPINO RESILIENT HOUSE

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