The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism

• Martin Luther 1517– Denounced the authority of the priests and popes – Bible alone was the source of God's words

• John Calvin 1536– Institutes of the Christian Religion Calvinism

• King Henry VIII 1534– Broke ties with the Roman Catholic Church

– Minority that wanted taking Catholicism out of England to occur

faster Puritans• Minority of Puritans Separatists or Pilgrims

The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth

• Pilgrim leaders drew up and signed the Mayflower Compact– A simple agreement to form a basic government

and to submit to the will of the majority• Signed by 41 adult males

– It was the:

first attempt at a government in America

• “Starving Time”– In the Pilgrims' first winter of 1620-1621, only 44 of

the 102 survived

(signed by the “gentlemen”)

The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage

at Plymouth

• Separatists in Holland came to America in search for their religious freedom

• Settled outside of VA– Settled in Plymouth

Bay in 1620 (Without legal permission)

The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth

• In 1629, Puritans (non-Separatist), fearing for their faith and for England's future, secured a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company Massachusetts Bay Colony

• During the Great Migration of the 1630s, about 15-20,000 refugees left England for New England

Great (Puritan) Migration

John Winthrop

• Governor of MBC• (“Massachusetts Bible

Commonwealth”)

• Believed that the Puritans had a covenant with God to build a holy society in the New World

“We shall be as a city upon a hill”

“City Upon a Hill”

JFK