The other “–icides”
Rodenticides
Molluscicides
Predacides
Avicides
Animal Repellants
Fungicides
Piscicides
Rodenticides
Coumarin (Warfarin and Ratoxin) Primary target rats and mice Anticoagulant Require repeated feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect cats, dogs and people –
care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species
Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained
medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable
Rodenticides
Brodifacoum (Talon & d-con) Primary target rats and mice Anticoagulant Requires only a single feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect cats, dogs and people –
care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species
Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained
medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable
Rodenticides
Chlorophacinone (Rozol) Not targeted specifically for rats & mice Anticoagulant Requires only a single feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect cats, dogs and people –
care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species
Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained
medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable
Rodenticide, Predacide, & Avicide
Strychnine (natural alkaloid extracted from Strychnos nux vomica) Used in FS western regions to control plague vectors Requires only a single feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect many non-target species –
care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species
Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained medium
so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable
RESTRICTED-USE – may be legally applied only by certified professionals
Molluscicides & Avicide
None currently in use in forestry. Slug control (molluscicide) or bird control
Methiocarb (Mesurol) Has some insecticidal capacity also Slow degrade
Animal Repellants
Thiram Effective rodent repellant Only one known to have been
used by the FS in the southeast Use rare – generally associated
with rabbit dispersal in regeneration areas
Animal Repellants
Complex polysaccharide mix (Ro-Pel) Effective against birds, rodents
and mammals Low impact on target species Low negative impacts on non-
targets Relatively rapid and complete
degrade
Animal Repellants Putrescent egg solids (BGR [Big Game
Repellant]) Effective at preventing grazing by deer and
elk
Bloodmeal (Plantskyyd) Deer, rabbit and elk are specifically noted –
regeneration, primary used as a protectant of the seedlings
Bloodmeal and putrescent egg solids are on the EPA list of minimum risk pesticides
Animal Repellants
Capsacian (various Hot Sauce…; Active ingredient derived from tobasco peppers) Effective against many large
mammals
Fungicide and Rodent Repellant Thiram
Used primarily in nurseries to prevent needle diseases and also to dissuade rodent feeding on seedlings
Fungicides
Borax (Sporax) Primary use is to prevent
colonization of pine stumps by Heterobasidion annosum, cause of annosus root disease
Little activity against non-targets other than other fungi
Barrier or preventive only, not therapeutic if infection already exists
Fungicides
Captan and Ferbam Used primarily in nurseries to
prevent damping-off of seedlings (root and root collar fungal attack)
Sometimes ferbam is used over-the-top on seedlings as a preventive treatment against fusiform rust infection
Fungicides
Triadimefon (Bayleton) Used in nurseries to prevent
needle blights Primary use in the Southeast has
been to prevent fusiform rust infection of pine seedlings
Also used as an additive in root dip slurries to confer anti-rust protection to pine seedlings being outplanted
Fungicides
Propaconizole (Alamo) Primarily used as a therapeutant
for trees affected by oak wilt Application is by injectioin which
can cause damage to the tree About a 75% effectiveness on
treated trees, but only effective against current infection, no prevention/protectant benefit
Fungicides
Phlebia gigantea Fungus effective in reducing the future
effect of annosus root rot in stands infected by Heterobasidion annosum prior to harvest
NOT REGISTERED Previously used under permissive 1970’s
letter from the EPA as an augmentive treatment (Pg is common in the woods)
Letter revoked in late 1990s and only low probability of registration
Fungicides
Copper sulfate (Bordeaux Mixture & others) Oldest of the fungicides, this
classic is effective against many mildews and other needle blights
Use in nurseries has been relatively minor
Fungicides
Benomyl (Benlate) Used in nurseries as a seedling
protectant Last of the forestry registrations for
this product were cancelled in 2001
May use existing stocks, but no new product will become available
Piscicide
Rotenone Previously discussed
See… Rotenone in the aquatic pesticide section
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