The other “–icides”

Rodenticides

Molluscicides

Predacides

Avicides

Animal Repellants

Fungicides

Piscicides

Rodenticides

Coumarin (Warfarin and Ratoxin) Primary target rats and mice Anticoagulant Require repeated feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect cats, dogs and people –

care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species

Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained

medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable

Rodenticides

Brodifacoum (Talon & d-con) Primary target rats and mice Anticoagulant Requires only a single feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect cats, dogs and people –

care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species

Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained

medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable

Rodenticides

Chlorophacinone (Rozol) Not targeted specifically for rats & mice Anticoagulant Requires only a single feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect cats, dogs and people –

care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species

Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained

medium so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable

Rodenticide, Predacide, & Avicide

Strychnine (natural alkaloid extracted from Strychnos nux vomica) Used in FS western regions to control plague vectors Requires only a single feeding to work Broad spectrum – can affect many non-target species –

care must be taken to preclude exposure of non-target species

Degrade is slow in the environment Generally in bait stations or other self-contained medium

so, despite persistence, environmental contamination is improbable

RESTRICTED-USE – may be legally applied only by certified professionals

Molluscicides & Avicide

None currently in use in forestry. Slug control (molluscicide) or bird control

Methiocarb (Mesurol) Has some insecticidal capacity also Slow degrade

Animal Repellants

Thiram Effective rodent repellant Only one known to have been

used by the FS in the southeast Use rare – generally associated

with rabbit dispersal in regeneration areas

Animal Repellants

Complex polysaccharide mix (Ro-Pel) Effective against birds, rodents

and mammals Low impact on target species Low negative impacts on non-

targets Relatively rapid and complete

degrade

Animal Repellants Putrescent egg solids (BGR [Big Game

Repellant]) Effective at preventing grazing by deer and

elk

Bloodmeal (Plantskyyd) Deer, rabbit and elk are specifically noted –

regeneration, primary used as a protectant of the seedlings

Bloodmeal and putrescent egg solids are on the EPA list of minimum risk pesticides

Animal Repellants

Capsacian (various Hot Sauce…; Active ingredient derived from tobasco peppers) Effective against many large

mammals

Fungicide and Rodent Repellant Thiram

Used primarily in nurseries to prevent needle diseases and also to dissuade rodent feeding on seedlings

Fungicides

Borax (Sporax) Primary use is to prevent

colonization of pine stumps by Heterobasidion annosum, cause of annosus root disease

Little activity against non-targets other than other fungi

Barrier or preventive only, not therapeutic if infection already exists

Fungicides

Captan and Ferbam Used primarily in nurseries to

prevent damping-off of seedlings (root and root collar fungal attack)

Sometimes ferbam is used over-the-top on seedlings as a preventive treatment against fusiform rust infection

Fungicides

Triadimefon (Bayleton) Used in nurseries to prevent

needle blights Primary use in the Southeast has

been to prevent fusiform rust infection of pine seedlings

Also used as an additive in root dip slurries to confer anti-rust protection to pine seedlings being outplanted

Fungicides

Propaconizole (Alamo) Primarily used as a therapeutant

for trees affected by oak wilt Application is by injectioin which

can cause damage to the tree About a 75% effectiveness on

treated trees, but only effective against current infection, no prevention/protectant benefit

Fungicides

Phlebia gigantea Fungus effective in reducing the future

effect of annosus root rot in stands infected by Heterobasidion annosum prior to harvest

NOT REGISTERED Previously used under permissive 1970’s

letter from the EPA as an augmentive treatment (Pg is common in the woods)

Letter revoked in late 1990s and only low probability of registration

Fungicides

Copper sulfate (Bordeaux Mixture & others) Oldest of the fungicides, this

classic is effective against many mildews and other needle blights

Use in nurseries has been relatively minor

Fungicides

Benomyl (Benlate) Used in nurseries as a seedling

protectant Last of the forestry registrations for

this product were cancelled in 2001

May use existing stocks, but no new product will become available

Piscicide

Rotenone Previously discussed

See… Rotenone in the aquatic pesticide section