THE EXTENDED CASE METHOD
Michael Burawoy
Federal University of the Urals
Ekaterinburg, December 18, 2012
Introduction
• Two Traditions of Qualitative Research– Macro: Comparative history– Micro: Ethnography--Chicago School--Grounded Theory
• ECM: Micro Macro
• Two Traditions of Social Studies – Positivist – Induction (nomothetic)– Hermeneutic – Interpretation (ideographic)
• ECM: Theory Reconstruction
EXTENDED CASE METHOD
• Extending Observer to Participant
• Extending Observations over Time and Space
______________________________
• Extending from Micro to Macro
• Extending Theory
Zambia in Africa
Zambia and its Coppper Industry
• British Colony Until 1964• Population 4 million• Two Multinational Copper Companies owning 6
mines• 50,000 Employees, 15% Whites• Copper provides 90% of foreign exchange and 50-
70% of government revenue• At Independence 1,200 Secondary School
Certificates, 100 Graduates
From African Advancement to Zambianization
COLOR BAR
Total No. of Expatriates
Zambians in Expatriate Jobs
December 1964 7,621 704
March 1966 6,592 1,138
September 1966 6,358 1,884
October 1967 5.671 2,617
June 1968 5,024 3,671
Zambianization after Independence
Total No. of Expatriates
Zambians in Expatriate Jobs
Total No.
Jobs
December 1964 7,621 704 8,325
March 1966 6,592 1,138 7,730
September 1966 6,358 1,884 8,242
October 1967 5.671 2,617 8,288
June 1968 5,024 3,671 8,695
Behind the Numbers
I.EXTENDING OBSERVER TO PARTICIPANT
• How to study Zambianization?
• Gaining Entry
II.EXTENDING OBSERVATIONS OVER TIME AND SPACE
a.Zambianizing the Mine Captain
• BEFORE
• Underground Manager• Mine Captain
• Shift Boss
• Section Boss
• Workers
• AFTER• Underground Manager• Assist. Udg Manager
• Mine Captain• Shift Boss• Section Boss• Workers
b.Zambianizing the Personnel Department
• BEFORE • AFTERStaff DevelopmentAdvisor
Personnel Manager
Officers
Clerks
Work Force
Personnel Manager
Personnel Officers
Work Force
Zambianization as Process
• Reproduction of the Color Bar
• Organization Becomes to heavy
• Tensions within Organization intensify
Mining Companies
Zambian State
Mine Management
African Trade UnionsZambian
SuccessorZambian Workers
III.EXTENDING OUT
Class, Race and State
• Class Interests Reproduce Racial Domination
• Post-Colonial State Relatively Autonomous from MNCs.
IV.EXTENDING THEORY
• Gouldner – Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy
• Fanon – The Wretched of the Earth
Summary
• Extending Observer to Participant
• Extending Observations over Time and Space
• Extending from Micro to Macro
• Extending Theory
Revisit as Auto-Critique
• STATE: Publication as Social Process
• MNCs: Power and knowledge
• SCALE: History and Space
Changing Price of Copper and Mine Ownership
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