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The Cell
You are made of
trillions of cell.
As we study cells,
remember this important
truth:
If your cells aren’t happy,
YOU aren’t going to be
happy!
The cell is the basic
unit of life.
Cells are classified into two
main groups.
The first group are
prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a
nucleus.They have a
nucleoid (resembles a
nucleus).
They are very small and simple
cells.
Prokaryotic cells are
single-celled organisms.
Some examples of prokaryotic
cells:
Bacteria(Kingdom Monera)
Source: greenfacts.org
Prokaryotic cells resemble the earliest cells
found on Earth.
Source: Discover West Tours, Australia
The second group are eukaryotic
cells.
Eukaryotic cells are
very complex.
They are much larger
than prokaryote
cells.
Eukaryotes can be either
single- or multi-celled.
They also have
organelles (little
organs).
Examples include:
Plant cellsAnimal cells
How did we learn about
the cell?
Robert Hooke discovers the cell in 1678
Robert Hooke(?)Source: University of St.
Andrews
Anton van Leeuwenhoe
k
Source: University of California Paleontology Museum
Anton van Leeuwenhoe
k Greatly improved the microscope
(1680).Discovered microorganisms
.
Matthias SchleidenPlants are made of
cells (1838).
Theodor Schwann
Animals are made of
cells (1839).
Rudolph Virchow
Cells can only come from other living
cells.
Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow’s work
lead to the development of cell theory.
Cell Theory
All living things are made of
cells.
Cell Theory
Cells are the basic unit of
life.
Cell Theory
Living cells can only
come from other living
cells.
Structure of the
cell
A cell is made of
organelles.(Organelle –
“little organ.” )
Each organelle
has a special function
that keeps the cell running.
NucleusThe nucleus is the brain of the
cell.It controls what everything that
happens in a cell.
Cell MembraneIt is the gateway
of the cell.It controls what goes into and out of the cell.
Cell MembraneControlling what
goes in and out of the cell is
called Selective Permeability.
Organelle responsible for
digestion.
LysosomeContains
enzymes that help break down chemicals into
forms that can be used by the cell.
Organelles that manufacture
Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Manufactures lipids (fats) and other products needed by the
cell.
Golgi BodyManufactures
lysosomes.Manufactures other complex molecules
and packages them in vesicles.
NucleolusLocated in the
nucleus.Responsible for
the manufacture of ribosomes.
RibosomesManufacture
proteins needs by the cell.
Organelles that provide power
MitochondriaTakes nutrients
and provides energy for the
cell.
Organelles that provide power and are found
only in plant cells
ChloroplastsThe food
producer for the plant cell.Takes water, CO2,
and sunlight to produce sugar (food)
and O2 as a waste product.
Organelles that provide power
support
Cell MembraneSurrounds the cell and helps maintain the
shape of the cell.
CytoplasmHelps the cell keep its shape
and protects the cell.Cell organelles
are found in the cytoplasm.
CytoskeletonProvides physical
structure to the cell.
Organelles that provide support and are found
only in plant cells
Cell WallStiff outer wall that provides
support, structure, and
protection to the plant cell.
Central VacuoleA large vacuole
in the plant cell.Provides extra support and
structure to the cell.
Organelles that provide storage
Golgi BodyStores molecules
necessary to make lysosomes
and vesicles.
LysosomeStores enzymes
necessary to digest food, breakdown waste, and break
down old organelles and dead cells.
Smooth ERStores steroids
and other chemicals the
cell will need at a later time.
VacuoleStorage bubbles that can store
food, chemicals, and water products.
Organelles that provide power transportation
Rough E.R.Transports ribosomes
(attached to the rough E.R.)
around the cell.
Organelles that provide waste
removal
LysosomeBreaks down
waste products.Called the “suicide
organelle” because it
destroys a dying cell.
And that’s cell basics.
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