The Cell

You are made of

trillions of cell.

As we study cells,

remember this important

truth:

If your cells aren’t happy,

YOU aren’t going to be

happy!

The cell is the basic

unit of life.

Cells are classified into two

main groups.

The first group are

prokaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells do not have a

nucleus.They have a

nucleoid (resembles a

nucleus).

They are very small and simple

cells.

Prokaryotic cells are

single-celled organisms.

Some examples of prokaryotic

cells:

Bacteria(Kingdom Monera)

Source: greenfacts.org

Prokaryotic cells resemble the earliest cells

found on Earth.

Source: Discover West Tours, Australia

The second group are eukaryotic

cells.

Eukaryotic cells are

very complex.

They are much larger

than prokaryote

cells.

Eukaryotes can be either

single- or multi-celled.

They also have

organelles (little

organs).

Examples include:

Plant cellsAnimal cells

How did we learn about

the cell?

Robert Hooke discovers the cell in 1678

Robert Hooke(?)Source: University of St.

Andrews

Anton van Leeuwenhoe

k

Source: University of California Paleontology Museum

Anton van Leeuwenhoe

k Greatly improved the microscope

(1680).Discovered microorganisms

.

Matthias SchleidenPlants are made of

cells (1838).

Theodor Schwann

Animals are made of

cells (1839).

Rudolph Virchow

Cells can only come from other living

cells.

Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow’s work

lead to the development of cell theory.

Cell Theory

All living things are made of

cells.

Cell Theory

Cells are the basic unit of

life.

Cell Theory

Living cells can only

come from other living

cells.

Structure of the

cell

A cell is made of

organelles.(Organelle –

“little organ.” )

Each organelle

has a special function

that keeps the cell running.

NucleusThe nucleus is the brain of the

cell.It controls what everything that

happens in a cell.

Cell MembraneIt is the gateway

of the cell.It controls what goes into and out of the cell.

Cell MembraneControlling what

goes in and out of the cell is

called Selective Permeability.

Organelle responsible for

digestion.

LysosomeContains

enzymes that help break down chemicals into

forms that can be used by the cell.

Organelles that manufacture

Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Manufactures lipids (fats) and other products needed by the

cell.

Golgi BodyManufactures

lysosomes.Manufactures other complex molecules

and packages them in vesicles.

NucleolusLocated in the

nucleus.Responsible for

the manufacture of ribosomes.

RibosomesManufacture

proteins needs by the cell.

Organelles that provide power

MitochondriaTakes nutrients

and provides energy for the

cell.

Organelles that provide power and are found

only in plant cells

ChloroplastsThe food

producer for the plant cell.Takes water, CO2,

and sunlight to produce sugar (food)

and O2 as a waste product.

Organelles that provide power

support

Cell MembraneSurrounds the cell and helps maintain the

shape of the cell.

CytoplasmHelps the cell keep its shape

and protects the cell.Cell organelles

are found in the cytoplasm.

CytoskeletonProvides physical

structure to the cell.

Organelles that provide support and are found

only in plant cells

Cell WallStiff outer wall that provides

support, structure, and

protection to the plant cell.

Central VacuoleA large vacuole

in the plant cell.Provides extra support and

structure to the cell.

Organelles that provide storage

Golgi BodyStores molecules

necessary to make lysosomes

and vesicles.

LysosomeStores enzymes

necessary to digest food, breakdown waste, and break

down old organelles and dead cells.

Smooth ERStores steroids

and other chemicals the

cell will need at a later time.

VacuoleStorage bubbles that can store

food, chemicals, and water products.

Organelles that provide power transportation

Rough E.R.Transports ribosomes

(attached to the rough E.R.)

around the cell.

Organelles that provide waste

removal

LysosomeBreaks down

waste products.Called the “suicide

organelle” because it

destroys a dying cell.

And that’s cell basics.