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SAARC
SYNDICATE NO. 5
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Flags of member countries
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servers em ers
Australia
China
European Union
Iran
Japan
Mauritius
Myanmar (Burma)
South Korea
United States
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02/10/10
Future membership
China
Russia
Iran
Myanmar
South Africa
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Objectives of SAARCq To improve the quality of life and welfare of people of the SAARC member
countries
q To provide conductive climate for creating and enhancing mutual trust,understanding and application of one anothers issues
qq To enhance the cooperation with other developing economiesqq To enhance the mutual assistance among the member countries in the areas
of economic, social, cultural, scientific and technical fieldqq To extend cooperation to other trade blocksqq
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Organization Structure of SAARC
The council
Council of ministers
Programming Committee
Secretariat
Technical Committee
Standing Committee
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Functions of Council of ministers
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Functions of Standing Committee
Determininginter-sectoral
priorities
Formulating the modalities offinancing
Monitoring andcoordinatingprogrammes
Mobilizing Co-operationwithin and outside region
Functionsof
StandingCommittee
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Programming Committee
Functions ofProgramming
committee
Analyzing the reportsand submitting them tothe Standing Committee
along with its components
Scrutinisingthe budget
of theSecretariat
Finalizing theannual
scheduleof the secretariat
Carrying out theActivitiesassigned
by the StandingCommittee
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Technical committee
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Technical Committees of SAARC
RuralDevelopme
nt
2000
Science &
Technology1983
Tourism &Transport
2005
Health &Populationactivities
1984
Environment
2000
Communications
2004
Agriculture2000
Technical
Committees
of SAARC
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SAARC Secretariat
v It does the Secretarial work of SAARCv It is located in Nepalv The Secretary-General is the chief of the secretariatv The Secretary-General is appointed by the Council of Ministers
on rotation basis among the members for a period of threeyears
v Secretary-General is assisted by Seven Directors one from eachcountry and General Staff
v
v
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Activities of Secretariat
Servicing themeetings
of SAARC
Serving as acommunication
link betweenSAARC & other
internationalforums
Co-ordinating,monitaring &
implementingSAARC activities
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SAPTA
Ad i i t ti f SAPTA
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Administration of SAPTA The benefits to the member countries would be accorded
on equitable basis of reciprocity and mutuality
The agreement would be improved step by step throughmutual negotiations
The agreement has taken the special needs of the lessdeveloped countries into countries
Special treatment to least developed countries
by Providing technical assistance to, establishing of
industrial and agricultural projects in order to boosttheir exports
Enhancing their exports by eliminating non tariff andparatariffs , providing duty free access etc. Establishing training facilities in the areas of export
trade providing export credit insurance and marketinginformation
.
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Bhutan
Is a landlocked nationin South Asia,bordered to thesouth, east andwest by the
Republic of Indiaand to the north bythe People'sRepublic of China
One of the Founder
member of SAARC The Bhutanese call
their country DrukYul which means"Land of the
Thunder Dragon
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Country Profile
Area : 38,394 sq.km.
Population :6,46,851
Capital : Thimpu Government :
ConstitutionalDemocraticMonarchy
National Day : 17th
December Currency : Ngultrum Religions :
MahayanaBuddhism &Hinduism
Languages :
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Road to Democracy
Bhutans absolute monarchy datesback to 1907, Sir Ugyen Wangchukwas formally enthroned as the 1st hereditary monarch of Bhutan
In March 2005, King Jigme SingyeWangchuk unveiled thegovernment's draft constitutionwhich would introduce majordemocratic reforms
Democratic elections for seats to thecountry's first parliament werecompleted in March 2008
The king ratified the country's firstconstitution in July 2008
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Modernization
One of the most isolated nations in theworld
In 1999, the government lifted a banon television and the Internet,
making Bhutan one of the lastcountries to introduce television Balanced modernization with its
ancient culture and traditions underthe guiding philosophy of Gross
National Happiness (GNH) In 2006, Business Week magazine
rated Bhutan the happiest country inAsia and the eighth-happiest in theworld
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Military and Foreign Affairs
Numbers around 6000 and trainedby the Indian Army
Expenditure around 1.8% of the
GDP The 1949 treaty has been
superseded by the 2007 treatywith India, which clarified that
Bhutan was master of its ownforeign relations
Bhutan agrees to be guided by theadvice of the Government of Indiain regard to its external relations
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Economy
GDP : $ 1.493 billion GDP growth rate pegged at 5% in 2009
after a growth rate of 21.4% in 2008mainly due to the commissioning of
the gigantic Tala Hydroelectricityproject Bhutan's economy is based on
agriculture, forestry, tourism and thesale ofhydroelectric powerto India
The value of Ngultrum is pegged to theIndian rupee The rupee is also accepted as legal
tender
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Trade - Import
Import Commodities Fuel and
lubricants,
passenger cars,machinery andparts, fabrics, rice
$533 million in 2008
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Trade - Export
ExportCommodities
electricity (to
India), ferrosilicon,cement, calciumcarbide, copperwire, manganese,
vegetable oil $513 million in
2008
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India Bhutan Trade
Indias exports to Bhutan rose by27.73% in 2008-09, but overalltrade between the two countries
fell by 7.43% during the year (in $mn)
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Visuals
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Pakistan
Region formingmodern Pakistanwas at the heart ofthe ancient IndusValley Civilisation
Also the 6th mostpopulous country inthe world and hasthe 2nd largestMuslim population
in the world afterIndonesia
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Country Profile
Area : 7,96,095 sq.km.
Population :174,578,558
Capital :Islamabad Government :
Federal Republic Independence Day
: 14th August Currency :
Pakistani Rupee Religions : Islam Languages : Urdu
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Government
Pakistan's history has been characterizedby periods of military rule and politicalinstability
The first Constitution of Pakistan was
adopted in 1956, but was suspended in1958 by General Ayub Khan
The Constitution of 1973, suspended in1977, by Zia-ul-Haq, but re-instated in1985 is the country's most important
document The Pakistani military has played an
influential role in mainstream politicswith military presidents ruling from195871, 197788 and from 19992008
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Military
Sixth largest in theWorld
Expenditure 3% ofthe GDP
Two major warswith India in1965 & 1971and on minorwar in 1999
1971 war led to
the creation ofBangladesh Nuclear tests in
1998
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Tourism
Attractions ranges fromthe ruins of ancientcivilizations such asMohenjo-daro,Harappa and Taxila,to the Himalayan hill-stations
Mt. K2 with height over8,000 metres
City of Lahore isconsidered Pakistan's
cultural centre Mughalarchitecture -Badshahi Masjid,Shalimar Gardens,
Tomb of Jahangir andthe Lahore Fort
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Economy
GDP : 166.5 billion GDP growth rates of 2.7% in 2009 and
3.4% in 2008 Pakistan has a semi-industrialized
economy Growth poles of the Pakistani economy
are situated along the Indus River,diversified economies of Karachi andPunjab's urban centers
The Economic crisis of 2008 ledPakistan to seek more than $100billion in aid in order to avoidpossible bankruptcy
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Trade - Export
Export Commodities textiles (garments,
bed linen, cotton cloth,yarn), rice, leather
goods, sports goods,chemicals,manufactures, carpetsand rugs
$17.87 billion in 2009
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Sports
National Sport isHockey, althoughCricket grabs mostof the attention
Hockey world cup arecord 4 times
(1971, 1978, 1982,1994) and CricketWorld cup in 1992
Squash is anothersport Pakistan hasexcelled in
Jahangir Khan andJansher Khan
Polo is a traditionalsport
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India
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Overview
7th Largest Country by Area (3,287,240 km)
2nd most populous country(1,176,748,000)
Population Density: 358/km2 Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the
south, the Arabian Sea on the west, andthe Bay of Bengal on the east, India hasa coastline of 7,517 kilometres
The name India is derived from Indus,which is derived from the Old Persianword Hindu
The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians
as Indoi, the people of the Indus.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E12_m%C2%B2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Persianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Persianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E12_m%C2%B28/14/2019 Syndicate No. 5
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Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)"Truth Alone Triumphs
Anthem:JanaGanaManaThou art the ruler of the minds of all
people National Song
VandeMataramI bow to thee, Mother
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyameva_Jayatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyameva_Jayatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate8/14/2019 Syndicate No. 5
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The National Symbols of
IndiaFlag TricolorEmblem Sarnath Lion
Capital
Anthem Jana GanaMana
Song Vande MataramAnimal Royal Bengal
Tiger
Bird Indian Peafowl
Flower Lotus
Tree Banyan
Fruit Mango
Sport Field hockey
Calendar Saka
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Statisitcs
PPP: $ 3.298 trillion (4th Largest)
Nominal: $ 1.242 trillion (12th largest)
Human Development Index: 0.612 (134th)
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Demographics
India's urban population increased 11-fold during the twentieth century.
By 2001 there were 35 million-plus population cities in India, with the largest citiesbeing Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata.
However, as of 2001, more than 70% of India's population continues toreside in rural areas.
India is home to two major linguistic families:
Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spokenby about 24%).
Neither the Constitution of India, nor any Indian law defines anynational language.
As per the 2001 census,
over 800 million Indians (80.5%) were Hindu.
Muslims (13.4%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%),Jains
(0.4%),Jews, Zoroastrians and Bah's.
Tribals constitute 8.1% of thepopulation
India has the third-highest Muslim population in the world and has the highestpopulation of Muslims for a non-Muslim majority country.
India's literacy rate is 64.8% (53.7% for females and 75.3% for males).
The state ofKerala has the highest literacy rate at 91% while Bihar has the lowest at47%.
The national human sex ratio is 944 females per 1,000 males. India's median age is 24.9, and the population growth rate of 1.38% per annum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_populous_metropolitan_areas_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsi_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_Faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adivasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_majority_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_majority_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adivasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_Faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsi_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_populous_metropolitan_areas_in_India8/14/2019 Syndicate No. 5
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India s ImportPartners
India s ExportPartners
ndia s Import and Exportrading Partners
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Hockey
India's official national sport is field hockey,administered by the Indian Hockey Federation.
Until the mid 20th century, India dominatedinternational hockey, winning eight Olympic
gold medals, the World Cup in 1975 and wererunners-up in the 1973 World Cup.
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Entertainment Industry
Indias film industry is one of the largest inthe world.
It is informally called Bollywood.
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One major reason for the film industrys success
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Another reason.
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Tourism
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Stats
No of foreign tourists arrivals in India: 5.37 million (5.6% growth)
Foreign Exchange Earnings from Tourism: $ 11.75 Billion (9.5% growth)
Famous tourist destinations: Goa, Munnar, Srinagar, Mahabaleshwar, Kanha
forests, J aipur
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Location
Maldives, is an island country in theIndian Ocean formed by a double chainof twenty-six atolls stretching in a north-south direction off India's Lakshadweepislands, between Minicoy Island andChagos Archipelago.
The atolls of Maldives encompass aterritory spread over roughly 90,000square kilometers, making it one of the
most disparate countries in the world. Itfeatures 1,192 islets, of which twohundred are inhabited.
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Overview
Capital: Male
Smallest Asian country in both populationand area.
With an average ground level of
1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above sea level,it is the lowest country on the planet.
It is also the country with the lowesthighest point in the world, at 2.3 metres
(7 ft 7 in)
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Other Details
Official language: Divehi
Ethnic Groups: 98% Mahis, 2% ForeignLabourers
HDI: 0.771 (95th)
GDP Nominal: $1.261 billion
Calling Code: 960
Currency: Maldivian Rufiyaa
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Economy
From the 2nd century AD the islands wereknown as the 'Money Isles' by the Arabswho dominated the Indian Ocean traderoutes
The cowry is now the symbol of theMaldives Monetary Authority.
The Maldivian Government began aneconomic reform program in 1989,
initially by lifting import quotas andopening some exports to the privatesector. Subsequently, it has liberalizedregulations to allow more foreigninvestment.
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Tourism
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Nature has fragmented the archipelago into1,190 tiny islands that occupy a mere oneper cent of its 90,000 km2 territory.
Only 185 islands are home to its 300,000
population, while the other islands are usedentirely for economic purposes of whichtourism and agriculture are the mostdominant.
Tourism accounts for 28% ofGDP and more
than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchangereceipts.
Over 90% of government tax revenue comesfrom import duties and tourism-relatedtaxes.
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Fishing Industry
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L t d b tLocated between
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Located betweenLocated betweenthe giants Chinathe giants Chinato the north andto the north and
India to theIndia to thesouthsouth
thisthis
country iscountry ishome tohome tomore than 20more than 20million peoplemillion people
of around 50of around 50ethnic groups.ethnic groups.
Nepal
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Nepal
Situated in the lap of the great Himalayas,Nepal is an exceptionally beautifulkingdom
area of 147,181 square kilometres(56,827 sq mi) and a population ofapproximately 30 million
Nepal is famous for its exceptionallyscenic natural landscapes and a richand fascinating cultural heritage.
Nepal is famous for the eight of theworld's ten tallest mountains whichincludes MOUNT EVEREST
Top mountain of world
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Top mountain of world
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Religion of Nepal
We all are in One Country Hindu Buddhist Muslim Christians
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Religions in Nepal
Nepal Religiosity ReligionPercent
Hinduism 80.6%
Buddhism 10.7%
Islam 4.2% Mundhum 3.6%
Christianity 0.5%
Other 0.4%
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Pashupatinath temple
Geographical Position of
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Geographical Position ofNepal Geography of Nepal is Uncommonly
Diverse Nepal is of Roughly Trapezoidal Shape
880 km (550 mi) long and 240 km (130 mi) wide
with an area of 147,181 square km(56,827 sq mi).
Nepal is basically divided into 3
physiographic areas:
E i
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Economy - overview
Nepal is among the poorest and leastdeveloped countries in the world withalmost one-third of its population livingbelow the poverty line
Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy,
providing a livelihood for three-fourths ofthe population and accounting for 38% ofGDP
Nepal GDP per capita $470
31% of the population is below the poverty
line Only about 25% of the total area is cultivable;
another 33% is forested; most of the rest ismountainous.
E
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Export
Pulses export is Nepalslargest businessrevenue which was collected by exportis 3 billion
Woolen carpet exports during the period
stood at Rs 2.19 billion Exports of readymade garments is 1.77
billion
Indian market has been seeing Nepal as
the largest readymade garmentexporter ahead of China
T i i N l
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Tourism in Nepal
Tourism is largest Industry in Nepal Nepal is a hotspot destination for
mountaineers, rock climbers and peopleseeking adventures
The contribution of Travel & Tourism toGross Domestic Product is 6.0%
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L ti
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Location
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E t
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Export
Bangladeshs main export items garments jute and jute-related goods leather frozen fish and seafood
Contribution of export to GDP is 18%.
Bangladeshs total export earning during2008-2009 was US$ 15565 million
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Sri Lanka
L f S i L k
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Languages of Sri Lanka
Since Sri Lanka endows a diversity of ethnicgroups, languages spoken in the country arevarious.
The two major ones widely used are, however,Sinhala language spoken by the Sinhalesemajority and Tamil language used by the Tamils
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People of Sri Lanka
vThe first official census,conducted by the British in1871, recorded a totalpopulation of 2.8 million.
vThe time of fastest growth was thedecade after freedom, when theannual rate of increase was2.8%.
vThe official total in the 1981 censuswas 14,846,750, and someprojections suggested a total of 18million by 1991 and between 20and 21 million by 2001.
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SRI LANKA: INFORMATIONv Conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic
of Sri Lanka.
v Conventional short form: Sri Lankaformer: Ceylon
v Size:65,525 sq km
v Commercial Capital:Colombo
v Government: Sri Lanka, is a free, independent andsovereign nation with a population of 21.065 million(2003 mid year estimates). Legislative power isexercised by a Parliament, elected by universalfranchise on proportional representation basis. SriLanka enjoys a multi party system, and the people
vote to elect a new government every six years.
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v Population density 319 people per sq kmv Life expectancy at birth 74 female, 64 malev Literacy rate 91.8%v Languages Sinhala & Tamil English is widely
spoken throughout Sri Lanka, with theexception of remote villages.
v Ethnic mix: Sinhalese, 74 per cent; Tamil, 18per cent; Muslim 7 per cent; Burgher(descendants of Dutch and Portuguesecolonist) and others 1 per cent
v Religion Buddhism 70 per cent; Hinduism, 16per cent; Christianity, 7 per cent; Islam 7per cent
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v Agriculture : Products Rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses,
oilseed, roots, spices, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs,hides, meatv Currency: Sri Lanka follows decimal currency system in
Rupees (Rs.) and cents (Cts.) with 100 cents equal to arupee. Currency notes are available in thedenominations of Rs. 2,10,20,50,100,200, 500 and 1000.Coins are issued in values of Cts.1,2,5,10, 25 and 50 and
Rs.1,2,5 and 10. The intervention currency continuouslywill be the US Dollarv Visa: Residents from countries are issued visas on arrival.v Working week :Sri Lanka works a five-day week, from
Monday to Friday
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v Location: An island off the south-eastern cost shores of
India, 880 km north of the equator, in the Indian Ocean.v Climate Low lands - tropical, average 27 degree C. CentralHills - cooler, with temperatures dropping to 14 degreeC. The south-west monsoon brings rain to the western,southern and central regions from May to July., while thenorth-eastern monsoon occurs in the north and east inDecember and January. Sri Lanka boasts of a goodclimate for holiday-makers throughout the year.
v Annual GNP US$99.55 bnv Industries Processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, and other
agricultural commodities; clothing, cement, petroleumrefining, textiles, tobacco.
v
Sri Lanka Music
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Sri Lanka Music
The native pop-filmi music dominated themarket in Sri Lanka during the late 1960sand early 1970s, but by the end of thedecade, Indian film and music became
the best-selling sector of the SriLankan music industry.
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Sri Lanka Cities
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Sri Lanka Cities
v ColomboColombo, the capital of Sri Lanka, is its largestcity and main port.
vv Kandy
Kandy Perahera, the pageant of the temple oftooth where Buddha's tooth is kept is heldeither in July or August each year to parade thegolden caskets is a must see itenary if one isvisiting Sri Lanka during these months.
v GalleThe capital of the southern province is a citywith a colorful history. 300 year old Dutchatmosphere is still very much alive around thefort and amidst its many historical buildings notinvaded by the skyscrapers. The beautiful beachof Unawatuna is just 6km south east of the city
centre.
Art of Sri Lanka
http://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/colombo.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/kandy.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/galle.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/galle.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/kandy.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/colombo.html8/14/2019 Syndicate No. 5
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Art of Sri Lanka
v Dance of Sri Lanka Kandyan Dancing Low country dance Sabaragamuwa dances
v Handicrafts of Sri Lanka
Masks Pottery Batiks Jewellery
v Architecture of Sri Lanka Buddhist Architecture Hindu Architecture European Architecture
T d d b i
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Trade and business
Agriculture product : Rice, sugarcane,grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, tea, rubber,coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef
Exports : $6.829 billion (2006)
Exports commodities : textiles andapparel, tea, diamonds, coconut products,petroleum products
Exports partners : US 41.1%, UK
15.9%, Belgium 3.7%, Germany 2.5% Imports : $9.867 billion(2006)
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Imports- commodities: textiles,mineral products, petroleum, foodstuffs,machinery and equipment
Imports partners : India 11%, HongKong 7.6%, Singapore 7.1%, China6.3%, Taiwan 5.9%, South Korea 5.7%,
Japan 5.3%, Iran 4.2% Currency :Sri Lankan rupee (LKR) Exchange rates: Sri Lankan rupees per
US dollar -103.99 (2006), 100.498(2005), 101.194 (2004), 96.521 (2003 ),95.66 (2002), 89.38 (2001), 77.01(2000), 70.64 (1999), 64.45 (1998)
Fiscal year : Calendar year
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Highways total: 96,695 kmpaved: 91,860 kmunpaved: 4,835 km
Waterways 430 km (navigable by shallow-draft
craft) Ports and harbors Colombo, Galle, Jaffna,
Trincomalee
Merchant marine Total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or
over)
Af h i t
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Afghanistan:
People,Places, and
Politics
Regional Map
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Regional Map Afghanistan is a landlocked
country, making theexport of goods difficultand expensive.
It has rugged mountainsand plains and is proneto natural disasterssuch as earthquakes
and drought. Temperatures are extreme,
as hot as 120 F in thesummer and as cold as-15 F in the winter.
There are limited naturalfresh water sources,
and most of the landhas been overgrazedand deforested, causingdesertification and soildegradation, makingfarming difficult.
Map and Important Data
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Capital : Kabul Area : , ;251 825 sq mi slightly
smaller than Texas Population: , , (31 056 997 July)2006 estimate
% , %80 Sunni Muslim 19 ShiaMuslim
ain ethnic groups: ,Pashtun
, ,Tajik Hazara Uzbek
DP per capita: purchasing- (power parity $800 2004)estimate
%Over 80 of labor force is
employed in agriculture( , , )farming sheep goats
-Covered by an estimated 5 7
million landmines Leading illicit opium producer
%in 2005 supplying 89 ofthe opium produced in the
. /world 1 3 of the GDP comesfrom opium trade
Map and Important Data
Ethnic Groups MapPashtun: largest ethnicgroup, mostly farmers andS i M li
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Ethnic Groups Map Sunni MuslimsTajik: live mostly in thenortheast, second largest
ethnic group, mostly SunniMuslims
Hazara: live in the Hindu Kushmountains, primarily ShiiteMuslims
Uzbek: live mostly along thenorthern border, mostly SunniMuslims
Aimaqs: a farming andherding tribe in the west,mostly Sunni Muslims
Turkmen and Kirghiz:nomadic herders andcraftsmen, mostly SunniMuslims
Baluch: nomadic tribe livingin the southern deserts, SunniMuslims
Religion
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Religion
Islam is the worlds second largest religion, with21% of all people practicing this faith.
Islam teaches that one can only find peace in lifeby submitting to Allah (Almighty God) in heart,soul, and deed.
The Quran is the holy guide to Islam. Major aspects of the Islamic religion include
testimony of faith, prayer, fasting, almsgiving,and pilgrimage.
Covering is a religious duty. Women can only
have their faces and hands showing in public.Men must not expose anything from navel toknee.
Sunni and Shia are the two most common forms ofIslam with different beliefs in some of the
specific premises of the religion.
Terrain and Physical
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yFeatures
Photo by U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division-Light Infantry
Afghanistan is a landlocked country. It is very dry and has extremely warmsummers and very cold winters. The mountains are rugged, although thereare some plains used for farming.
The People
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The People
The Afghan people are some of the poorest in the world and are members ofmany different ethnic groups. This woman is part of a herding tribe and isdrying dung to use as insulation in her home during the winter. Life is difficultfor most Afghans as they have faced drought, famine and war for many years.
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This woman works the land tomake it suitable for planting as
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make it suitable for planting aspart of a work-for-food programaimed at helping Afghanistanincrease its agriculturalproduction.
As part of their religious beliefsystem, Afghan women coverthemselves as a show ofmodesty, showing only their
hands and faces. Men are alsoexpected to cover from navel toknees.
Important Issues
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Important Issues
Afghanistan employs 80 percent of its workforce infarming or raising sheep and goats. Because it is a landlocked country with
mountainous terrain, exporting goods like the melons carriedby the boy is difficult and expensive. Poppies are grown illegally as a sourceof opium, which is used to produce heroin. Drug lords make millions throughunregulated trade of this drug. The Afghan government is working to eliminateillegal drug trade and encourage the growth of other agricultural crops forexport.
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The militant Islamic terrorist network known as al-Qaida and led by Osamabin Laden, was based in Afghanistan for many years prior to U.S. attacks onthe organization in October 2001 following the Sept.11, 2001 terrorist attacks.The organization continues to grow, and bin Laden remains at large.
Political History
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o ca s o y
In 1979, Afghanistan was invaded and
eventually controlled by the Soviet Union. In 1989, Afghanistan and the Soviet Union
signed a peace agreement.
In 1995, the Taliban, promising traditional,Islamic values came into power, imposingstrict Islamic law, including revokingmany womens rights.
In 2001, American troops force the Talibanfrom power.
In 2004, Hamid Karzai became the firstelected Afghan president.
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Politics: President Karzai
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Politics: President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first
elected president in the history ofAfghanistan. He came to power after theTaliban was overthrown in late 2001. Hewas formally elected to a five-year term in2004. Karzai has survived numerousassassination attempts and has been
assigned the task of rebuildingAfghanistan. Some of the majorproblems he must address includeproviding the country with aninfrastructure so that citizens have thebasic necessities of life, keeping theTaliban out of power and controlling thewarlords who perpetuate the illegal drugtrade.
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conclusion
Political issuePolitical issue
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Provisions
Principals
Ineffectiveness
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THANKYOU!!!!
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