Syndicate No. 5

8/14/2019 Syndicate No. 5

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SAARC

SYNDICATE NO. 5


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Flags of member countries


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servers em ers

Australia

China

European Union

Iran

Japan

Mauritius

Myanmar (Burma)

South Korea

United States


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02/10/10

Future membership

China

Russia

Iran

Myanmar

South Africa


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Objectives of SAARCq To improve the quality of life and welfare of people of the SAARC member

countries

q To provide conductive climate for creating and enhancing mutual trust,understanding and application of one anothers issues

qq To enhance the cooperation with other developing economiesqq To enhance the mutual assistance among the member countries in the areas

of economic, social, cultural, scientific and technical fieldqq To extend cooperation to other trade blocksqq


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Organization Structure of SAARC

The council

Council of ministers

Programming Committee

Secretariat

Technical Committee

Standing Committee


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Functions of Council of ministers


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Functions of Standing Committee

Determininginter-sectoral

priorities

Formulating the modalities offinancing

Monitoring andcoordinatingprogrammes

Mobilizing Co-operationwithin and outside region

Functionsof

StandingCommittee


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Programming Committee

Functions ofProgramming

committee

Analyzing the reportsand submitting them tothe Standing Committee

along with its components

Scrutinisingthe budget

of theSecretariat

Finalizing theannual

scheduleof the secretariat

Carrying out theActivitiesassigned

by the StandingCommittee


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Technical committee


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Technical Committees of SAARC

RuralDevelopme

nt

2000

Science &

Technology1983

Tourism &Transport

2005

Health &Populationactivities

1984

Environment

2000

Communications

2004

Agriculture2000

Technical

Committees

of SAARC


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SAARC Secretariat

v It does the Secretarial work of SAARCv It is located in Nepalv The Secretary-General is the chief of the secretariatv The Secretary-General is appointed by the Council of Ministers

on rotation basis among the members for a period of threeyears

v Secretary-General is assisted by Seven Directors one from eachcountry and General Staff

v

v


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Activities of Secretariat

Servicing themeetings

of SAARC

Serving as acommunication

link betweenSAARC & other

internationalforums

Co-ordinating,monitaring &

implementingSAARC activities


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SAPTA

Ad i i t ti f SAPTA


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Administration of SAPTA The benefits to the member countries would be accorded

on equitable basis of reciprocity and mutuality

The agreement would be improved step by step throughmutual negotiations

The agreement has taken the special needs of the lessdeveloped countries into countries

Special treatment to least developed countries

by Providing technical assistance to, establishing of

industrial and agricultural projects in order to boosttheir exports

Enhancing their exports by eliminating non tariff andparatariffs , providing duty free access etc. Establishing training facilities in the areas of export

trade providing export credit insurance and marketinginformation

.


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Bhutan

Is a landlocked nationin South Asia,bordered to thesouth, east andwest by the

Republic of Indiaand to the north bythe People'sRepublic of China

One of the Founder

member of SAARC The Bhutanese call

their country DrukYul which means"Land of the

Thunder Dragon


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Country Profile

Area : 38,394 sq.km.

Population :6,46,851

Capital : Thimpu Government :

ConstitutionalDemocraticMonarchy

National Day : 17th

December Currency : Ngultrum Religions :

MahayanaBuddhism &Hinduism

Languages :


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Road to Democracy

Bhutans absolute monarchy datesback to 1907, Sir Ugyen Wangchukwas formally enthroned as the 1st hereditary monarch of Bhutan

In March 2005, King Jigme SingyeWangchuk unveiled thegovernment's draft constitutionwhich would introduce majordemocratic reforms

Democratic elections for seats to thecountry's first parliament werecompleted in March 2008

The king ratified the country's firstconstitution in July 2008


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Modernization

One of the most isolated nations in theworld

In 1999, the government lifted a banon television and the Internet,

making Bhutan one of the lastcountries to introduce television Balanced modernization with its

ancient culture and traditions underthe guiding philosophy of Gross

National Happiness (GNH) In 2006, Business Week magazine

rated Bhutan the happiest country inAsia and the eighth-happiest in theworld


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Military and Foreign Affairs

Numbers around 6000 and trainedby the Indian Army

Expenditure around 1.8% of the

GDP The 1949 treaty has been

superseded by the 2007 treatywith India, which clarified that

Bhutan was master of its ownforeign relations

Bhutan agrees to be guided by theadvice of the Government of Indiain regard to its external relations


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Economy

GDP : $ 1.493 billion GDP growth rate pegged at 5% in 2009

after a growth rate of 21.4% in 2008mainly due to the commissioning of

the gigantic Tala Hydroelectricityproject Bhutan's economy is based on

agriculture, forestry, tourism and thesale ofhydroelectric powerto India

The value of Ngultrum is pegged to theIndian rupee The rupee is also accepted as legal

tender


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Trade - Import

Import Commodities Fuel and

lubricants,

passenger cars,machinery andparts, fabrics, rice

$533 million in 2008


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Trade - Export

ExportCommodities

electricity (to

India), ferrosilicon,cement, calciumcarbide, copperwire, manganese,

vegetable oil $513 million in

2008


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India Bhutan Trade

Indias exports to Bhutan rose by27.73% in 2008-09, but overalltrade between the two countries

fell by 7.43% during the year (in $mn)


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Visuals


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Pakistan

Region formingmodern Pakistanwas at the heart ofthe ancient IndusValley Civilisation

Also the 6th mostpopulous country inthe world and hasthe 2nd largestMuslim population

in the world afterIndonesia


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Country Profile

Area : 7,96,095 sq.km.

Population :174,578,558

Capital :Islamabad Government :

Federal Republic Independence Day

: 14th August Currency :

Pakistani Rupee Religions : Islam Languages : Urdu


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Government

Pakistan's history has been characterizedby periods of military rule and politicalinstability

The first Constitution of Pakistan was

adopted in 1956, but was suspended in1958 by General Ayub Khan

The Constitution of 1973, suspended in1977, by Zia-ul-Haq, but re-instated in1985 is the country's most important

document The Pakistani military has played an

influential role in mainstream politicswith military presidents ruling from195871, 197788 and from 19992008


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Military

Sixth largest in theWorld

Expenditure 3% ofthe GDP

Two major warswith India in1965 & 1971and on minorwar in 1999

1971 war led to

the creation ofBangladesh Nuclear tests in

1998


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Tourism

Attractions ranges fromthe ruins of ancientcivilizations such asMohenjo-daro,Harappa and Taxila,to the Himalayan hill-stations

Mt. K2 with height over8,000 metres

City of Lahore isconsidered Pakistan's

cultural centre Mughalarchitecture -Badshahi Masjid,Shalimar Gardens,

Tomb of Jahangir andthe Lahore Fort


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Economy

GDP : 166.5 billion GDP growth rates of 2.7% in 2009 and

3.4% in 2008 Pakistan has a semi-industrialized

economy Growth poles of the Pakistani economy

are situated along the Indus River,diversified economies of Karachi andPunjab's urban centers

The Economic crisis of 2008 ledPakistan to seek more than $100billion in aid in order to avoidpossible bankruptcy


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Trade - Export

Export Commodities textiles (garments,

bed linen, cotton cloth,yarn), rice, leather

goods, sports goods,chemicals,manufactures, carpetsand rugs

$17.87 billion in 2009


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Sports

National Sport isHockey, althoughCricket grabs mostof the attention

Hockey world cup arecord 4 times

(1971, 1978, 1982,1994) and CricketWorld cup in 1992

Squash is anothersport Pakistan hasexcelled in

Jahangir Khan andJansher Khan

Polo is a traditionalsport


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India


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Overview

7th Largest Country by Area (3,287,240 km)

2nd most populous country(1,176,748,000)

Population Density: 358/km2 Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the

south, the Arabian Sea on the west, andthe Bay of Bengal on the east, India hasa coastline of 7,517 kilometres

The name India is derived from Indus,which is derived from the Old Persianword Hindu

The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians

as Indoi, the people of the Indus.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E12_m%C2%B2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Persianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greekshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Persianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_E12_m%C2%B2


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Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)"Truth Alone Triumphs

Anthem:JanaGanaManaThou art the ruler of the minds of all

people National Song

VandeMataramI bow to thee, Mother
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyameva_Jayatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Manahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyameva_Jayatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate


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The National Symbols of

IndiaFlag TricolorEmblem Sarnath Lion

Capital

Anthem Jana GanaMana

Song Vande MataramAnimal Royal Bengal

Tiger

Bird Indian Peafowl

Flower Lotus

Tree Banyan

Fruit Mango

Sport Field hockey

Calendar Saka


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Statisitcs

PPP: $ 3.298 trillion (4th Largest)

Nominal: $ 1.242 trillion (12th largest)

Human Development Index: 0.612 (134th)


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Demographics

India's urban population increased 11-fold during the twentieth century.

By 2001 there were 35 million-plus population cities in India, with the largest citiesbeing Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata.

However, as of 2001, more than 70% of India's population continues toreside in rural areas.

India is home to two major linguistic families:

Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spokenby about 24%).

Neither the Constitution of India, nor any Indian law defines anynational language.

As per the 2001 census,

over 800 million Indians (80.5%) were Hindu.

Muslims (13.4%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%),Jains

(0.4%),Jews, Zoroastrians and Bah's.

Tribals constitute 8.1% of thepopulation

India has the third-highest Muslim population in the world and has the highestpopulation of Muslims for a non-Muslim majority country.

India's literacy rate is 64.8% (53.7% for females and 75.3% for males).

The state ofKerala has the highest literacy rate at 91% while Bihar has the lowest at47%.

The national human sex ratio is 944 females per 1,000 males. India's median age is 24.9, and the population growth rate of 1.38% per annum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_populous_metropolitan_areas_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsi_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_Faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adivasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_majority_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_majority_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adivasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_Faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsi_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_populous_metropolitan_areas_in_India


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India s ImportPartners

India s ExportPartners

ndia s Import and Exportrading Partners


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Hockey

India's official national sport is field hockey,administered by the Indian Hockey Federation.

Until the mid 20th century, India dominatedinternational hockey, winning eight Olympic

gold medals, the World Cup in 1975 and wererunners-up in the 1973 World Cup.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dhyan_Chand_closeup.jpg


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Entertainment Industry

Indias film industry is one of the largest inthe world.

It is informally called Bollywood.


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One major reason for the film industrys success


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Another reason.


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Tourism
http://aboutkerala.today.com/files/2008/12/h_ker4_s_39.jpg


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Stats

No of foreign tourists arrivals in India: 5.37 million (5.6% growth)

Foreign Exchange Earnings from Tourism: $ 11.75 Billion (9.5% growth)

Famous tourist destinations: Goa, Munnar, Srinagar, Mahabaleshwar, Kanha

forests, J aipur


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Location

Maldives, is an island country in theIndian Ocean formed by a double chainof twenty-six atolls stretching in a north-south direction off India's Lakshadweepislands, between Minicoy Island andChagos Archipelago.

The atolls of Maldives encompass aterritory spread over roughly 90,000square kilometers, making it one of the

most disparate countries in the world. Itfeatures 1,192 islets, of which twohundred are inhabited.


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Overview

Capital: Male

Smallest Asian country in both populationand area.

With an average ground level of

1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above sea level,it is the lowest country on the planet.

It is also the country with the lowesthighest point in the world, at 2.3 metres

(7 ft 7 in)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Maldives.svg


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Other Details

Official language: Divehi

Ethnic Groups: 98% Mahis, 2% ForeignLabourers

HDI: 0.771 (95th)

GDP Nominal: $1.261 billion

Calling Code: 960

Currency: Maldivian Rufiyaa


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Economy

From the 2nd century AD the islands wereknown as the 'Money Isles' by the Arabswho dominated the Indian Ocean traderoutes

The cowry is now the symbol of theMaldives Monetary Authority.

The Maldivian Government began aneconomic reform program in 1989,

initially by lifting import quotas andopening some exports to the privatesector. Subsequently, it has liberalizedregulations to allow more foreigninvestment.


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Tourism
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Maldives_rudder_fish_kyphosus_cinerascens.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Filitheyo_bar.jpg


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Nature has fragmented the archipelago into1,190 tiny islands that occupy a mere oneper cent of its 90,000 km2 territory.

Only 185 islands are home to its 300,000

population, while the other islands are usedentirely for economic purposes of whichtourism and agriculture are the mostdominant.

Tourism accounts for 28% ofGDP and more

than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchangereceipts.

Over 90% of government tax revenue comesfrom import duties and tourism-relatedtaxes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_producthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product


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Fishing Industry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Doni_aux_Maldives_cropped.jpg


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L t d b tLocated between


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Located betweenLocated betweenthe giants Chinathe giants Chinato the north andto the north and

India to theIndia to thesouthsouth

thisthis

country iscountry ishome tohome tomore than 20more than 20million peoplemillion people

of around 50of around 50ethnic groups.ethnic groups.

Nepal


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Nepal

Situated in the lap of the great Himalayas,Nepal is an exceptionally beautifulkingdom

area of 147,181 square kilometres(56,827 sq mi) and a population ofapproximately 30 million

Nepal is famous for its exceptionallyscenic natural landscapes and a richand fascinating cultural heritage.

Nepal is famous for the eight of theworld's ten tallest mountains whichincludes MOUNT EVEREST

Top mountain of world


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Top mountain of world


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Religion of Nepal

We all are in One Country Hindu Buddhist Muslim Christians


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Religions in Nepal

Nepal Religiosity ReligionPercent

Hinduism 80.6%

Buddhism 10.7%

Islam 4.2% Mundhum 3.6%

Christianity 0.5%

Other 0.4%


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Pashupatinath temple

Geographical Position of


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Geographical Position ofNepal Geography of Nepal is Uncommonly

Diverse Nepal is of Roughly Trapezoidal Shape

880 km (550 mi) long and 240 km (130 mi) wide

with an area of 147,181 square km(56,827 sq mi).

Nepal is basically divided into 3

physiographic areas:

E i


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Economy - overview

Nepal is among the poorest and leastdeveloped countries in the world withalmost one-third of its population livingbelow the poverty line

Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy,

providing a livelihood for three-fourths ofthe population and accounting for 38% ofGDP

Nepal GDP per capita $470

31% of the population is below the poverty

line Only about 25% of the total area is cultivable;

another 33% is forested; most of the rest ismountainous.

E


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Export

Pulses export is Nepalslargest businessrevenue which was collected by exportis 3 billion

Woolen carpet exports during the period

stood at Rs 2.19 billion Exports of readymade garments is 1.77

billion

Indian market has been seeing Nepal as

the largest readymade garmentexporter ahead of China

T i i N l


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Tourism in Nepal

Tourism is largest Industry in Nepal Nepal is a hotspot destination for

mountaineers, rock climbers and peopleseeking adventures

The contribution of Travel & Tourism toGross Domestic Product is 6.0%


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L ti


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Location


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E t


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Export

Bangladeshs main export items garments jute and jute-related goods leather frozen fish and seafood

Contribution of export to GDP is 18%.

Bangladeshs total export earning during2008-2009 was US$ 15565 million


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Sri Lanka

L f S i L k


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Languages of Sri Lanka

Since Sri Lanka endows a diversity of ethnicgroups, languages spoken in the country arevarious.

The two major ones widely used are, however,Sinhala language spoken by the Sinhalesemajority and Tamil language used by the Tamils


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People of Sri Lanka

vThe first official census,conducted by the British in1871, recorded a totalpopulation of 2.8 million.

vThe time of fastest growth was thedecade after freedom, when theannual rate of increase was2.8%.

vThe official total in the 1981 censuswas 14,846,750, and someprojections suggested a total of 18million by 1991 and between 20and 21 million by 2001.


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SRI LANKA: INFORMATIONv Conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic

of Sri Lanka.

v Conventional short form: Sri Lankaformer: Ceylon

v Size:65,525 sq km

v Commercial Capital:Colombo

v Government: Sri Lanka, is a free, independent andsovereign nation with a population of 21.065 million(2003 mid year estimates). Legislative power isexercised by a Parliament, elected by universalfranchise on proportional representation basis. SriLanka enjoys a multi party system, and the people

vote to elect a new government every six years.


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v Population density 319 people per sq kmv Life expectancy at birth 74 female, 64 malev Literacy rate 91.8%v Languages Sinhala & Tamil English is widely

spoken throughout Sri Lanka, with theexception of remote villages.

v Ethnic mix: Sinhalese, 74 per cent; Tamil, 18per cent; Muslim 7 per cent; Burgher(descendants of Dutch and Portuguesecolonist) and others 1 per cent

v Religion Buddhism 70 per cent; Hinduism, 16per cent; Christianity, 7 per cent; Islam 7per cent


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v Agriculture : Products Rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses,

oilseed, roots, spices, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs,hides, meatv Currency: Sri Lanka follows decimal currency system in

Rupees (Rs.) and cents (Cts.) with 100 cents equal to arupee. Currency notes are available in thedenominations of Rs. 2,10,20,50,100,200, 500 and 1000.Coins are issued in values of Cts.1,2,5,10, 25 and 50 and

Rs.1,2,5 and 10. The intervention currency continuouslywill be the US Dollarv Visa: Residents from countries are issued visas on arrival.v Working week :Sri Lanka works a five-day week, from

Monday to Friday


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v Location: An island off the south-eastern cost shores of

India, 880 km north of the equator, in the Indian Ocean.v Climate Low lands - tropical, average 27 degree C. CentralHills - cooler, with temperatures dropping to 14 degreeC. The south-west monsoon brings rain to the western,southern and central regions from May to July., while thenorth-eastern monsoon occurs in the north and east inDecember and January. Sri Lanka boasts of a goodclimate for holiday-makers throughout the year.

v Annual GNP US$99.55 bnv Industries Processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, and other

agricultural commodities; clothing, cement, petroleumrefining, textiles, tobacco.

v

Sri Lanka Music


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Sri Lanka Music

The native pop-filmi music dominated themarket in Sri Lanka during the late 1960sand early 1970s, but by the end of thedecade, Indian film and music became

the best-selling sector of the SriLankan music industry.


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Sri Lanka Cities


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Sri Lanka Cities

v ColomboColombo, the capital of Sri Lanka, is its largestcity and main port.

vv Kandy

Kandy Perahera, the pageant of the temple oftooth where Buddha's tooth is kept is heldeither in July or August each year to parade thegolden caskets is a must see itenary if one isvisiting Sri Lanka during these months.

v GalleThe capital of the southern province is a citywith a colorful history. 300 year old Dutchatmosphere is still very much alive around thefort and amidst its many historical buildings notinvaded by the skyscrapers. The beautiful beachof Unawatuna is just 6km south east of the city

centre.

Art of Sri Lanka
http://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/colombo.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/kandy.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/galle.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/galle.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/kandy.htmlhttp://sri-lanka.saarctourism.org/colombo.html


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Art of Sri Lanka

v Dance of Sri Lanka Kandyan Dancing Low country dance Sabaragamuwa dances

v Handicrafts of Sri Lanka

Masks Pottery Batiks Jewellery

v Architecture of Sri Lanka Buddhist Architecture Hindu Architecture European Architecture

T d d b i


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Trade and business

Agriculture product : Rice, sugarcane,grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, tea, rubber,coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef

Exports : $6.829 billion (2006)

Exports commodities : textiles andapparel, tea, diamonds, coconut products,petroleum products

Exports partners : US 41.1%, UK

15.9%, Belgium 3.7%, Germany 2.5% Imports : $9.867 billion(2006)


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Imports- commodities: textiles,mineral products, petroleum, foodstuffs,machinery and equipment

Imports partners : India 11%, HongKong 7.6%, Singapore 7.1%, China6.3%, Taiwan 5.9%, South Korea 5.7%,

Japan 5.3%, Iran 4.2% Currency :Sri Lankan rupee (LKR) Exchange rates: Sri Lankan rupees per

US dollar -103.99 (2006), 100.498(2005), 101.194 (2004), 96.521 (2003 ),95.66 (2002), 89.38 (2001), 77.01(2000), 70.64 (1999), 64.45 (1998)

Fiscal year : Calendar year


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Highways total: 96,695 kmpaved: 91,860 kmunpaved: 4,835 km

Waterways 430 km (navigable by shallow-draft

craft) Ports and harbors Colombo, Galle, Jaffna,

Trincomalee

Merchant marine Total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or

over)

Af h i t


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Afghanistan:

People,Places, and

Politics

Regional Map


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Regional Map Afghanistan is a landlocked

country, making theexport of goods difficultand expensive.

It has rugged mountainsand plains and is proneto natural disasterssuch as earthquakes

and drought. Temperatures are extreme,

as hot as 120 F in thesummer and as cold as-15 F in the winter.

There are limited naturalfresh water sources,

and most of the landhas been overgrazedand deforested, causingdesertification and soildegradation, makingfarming difficult.

Map and Important Data


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Capital : Kabul Area : , ;251 825 sq mi slightly

smaller than Texas Population: , , (31 056 997 July)2006 estimate

% , %80 Sunni Muslim 19 ShiaMuslim

ain ethnic groups: ,Pashtun

, ,Tajik Hazara Uzbek

DP per capita: purchasing- (power parity $800 2004)estimate

%Over 80 of labor force is

employed in agriculture( , , )farming sheep goats

-Covered by an estimated 5 7

million landmines Leading illicit opium producer

%in 2005 supplying 89 ofthe opium produced in the

. /world 1 3 of the GDP comesfrom opium trade

Map and Important Data

Ethnic Groups MapPashtun: largest ethnicgroup, mostly farmers andS i M li


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Ethnic Groups Map Sunni MuslimsTajik: live mostly in thenortheast, second largest

ethnic group, mostly SunniMuslims

Hazara: live in the Hindu Kushmountains, primarily ShiiteMuslims

Uzbek: live mostly along thenorthern border, mostly SunniMuslims

Aimaqs: a farming andherding tribe in the west,mostly Sunni Muslims

Turkmen and Kirghiz:nomadic herders andcraftsmen, mostly SunniMuslims

Baluch: nomadic tribe livingin the southern deserts, SunniMuslims

Religion


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Religion

Islam is the worlds second largest religion, with21% of all people practicing this faith.

Islam teaches that one can only find peace in lifeby submitting to Allah (Almighty God) in heart,soul, and deed.

The Quran is the holy guide to Islam. Major aspects of the Islamic religion include

testimony of faith, prayer, fasting, almsgiving,and pilgrimage.

Covering is a religious duty. Women can only

have their faces and hands showing in public.Men must not expose anything from navel toknee.

Sunni and Shia are the two most common forms ofIslam with different beliefs in some of the

specific premises of the religion.

Terrain and Physical


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yFeatures

Photo by U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division-Light Infantry

Afghanistan is a landlocked country. It is very dry and has extremely warmsummers and very cold winters. The mountains are rugged, although thereare some plains used for farming.

The People


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The People

The Afghan people are some of the poorest in the world and are members ofmany different ethnic groups. This woman is part of a herding tribe and isdrying dung to use as insulation in her home during the winter. Life is difficultfor most Afghans as they have faced drought, famine and war for many years.


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This woman works the land tomake it suitable for planting as


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make it suitable for planting aspart of a work-for-food programaimed at helping Afghanistanincrease its agriculturalproduction.

As part of their religious beliefsystem, Afghan women coverthemselves as a show ofmodesty, showing only their

hands and faces. Men are alsoexpected to cover from navel toknees.

Important Issues


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Important Issues

Afghanistan employs 80 percent of its workforce infarming or raising sheep and goats. Because it is a landlocked country with

mountainous terrain, exporting goods like the melons carriedby the boy is difficult and expensive. Poppies are grown illegally as a sourceof opium, which is used to produce heroin. Drug lords make millions throughunregulated trade of this drug. The Afghan government is working to eliminateillegal drug trade and encourage the growth of other agricultural crops forexport.


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The militant Islamic terrorist network known as al-Qaida and led by Osamabin Laden, was based in Afghanistan for many years prior to U.S. attacks onthe organization in October 2001 following the Sept.11, 2001 terrorist attacks.The organization continues to grow, and bin Laden remains at large.

Political History


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o ca s o y

In 1979, Afghanistan was invaded and

eventually controlled by the Soviet Union. In 1989, Afghanistan and the Soviet Union

signed a peace agreement.

In 1995, the Taliban, promising traditional,Islamic values came into power, imposingstrict Islamic law, including revokingmany womens rights.

In 2001, American troops force the Talibanfrom power.

In 2004, Hamid Karzai became the firstelected Afghan president.


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Politics: President Karzai


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Politics: President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first

elected president in the history ofAfghanistan. He came to power after theTaliban was overthrown in late 2001. Hewas formally elected to a five-year term in2004. Karzai has survived numerousassassination attempts and has been

assigned the task of rebuildingAfghanistan. Some of the majorproblems he must address includeproviding the country with aninfrastructure so that citizens have thebasic necessities of life, keeping theTaliban out of power and controlling thewarlords who perpetuate the illegal drugtrade.


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conclusion

Political issuePolitical issue


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Provisions

Principals

Ineffectiveness


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THANKYOU!!!!

Syndicate No. 5

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Transcript of Syndicate No. 5