SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Adam RoweMedical Terminology
Bios 12017 February 2010
Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures
Earliest open heart surgery performed in 19th century
Robot-assisted heart surgery becoming more common
Major complications are neurological
Heart Transplantation
Surgery to remove damaged or diseased heart and replace it with a healthy donor heart
Heart is removed in patient and blood is circulated through heart-lung bypass machine Keeps blood oxygen rich
during procedure Donor heart is stitched in
place Tubes are inserted to
remove air, fluid and blood out of chest for several days
Heart Transplantation
Recommended for: Coronary artery disease Severe heart failure Heart defects present at birth Only when medication won’t work
Not recommended for patients with: Recent cancer Insulin-dependent diabetes Kidney, lung, nerve or liver disease Smoking addiction
Heart Transplantation
Risks Deep venous
thrombosis Damage to organs
from anti-rejection medication
Heart attack or stroke Facts
About 3,500 performed each year
First one performed in 1968
Heart Transplant
Outlook First 24-48 hours are spent in ICU Typical hospital stay is 4-21 days Recovery time is about 6 months Main concern is rejection 80% success rate for first 2 years Post operation survival rate is 15 years
Embolectomy
Emergency surgical removal of an emboli which is blocking blood circulation
Catheter Embolectomy Inserting a catheter with
an inflatable balloon attached to tip
Passing catheter beyond tip of clot
Inflating the balloon and pulling out the clot
Surgical Embolectomy Simple surgical removal of
clot by incision into the vessel
Embolectomy
INDICATION
Surgical and catheter embolectomy is preferred for patients with pulmonary embolism
Acute limb ischemia Removal of blood clot Stroke
Embolectomy
RISK AND OUTCOME RECOVER
80% success rate Vessel wall
damage, heart attack
Good outcome, unless necrosis before the procedure was extensive
Relatively quick Leave from work may
be necessary No heavy lifting
Valve Replacement
One or more heart valves are replaced with a healthy valve
Mechanical Valves - Man made valve - Lifetime anticoagulant is needed
Biological Valves - Taken from cow, pig or human donors - Don’t last as long as mechanical valves
Valve Replacement
Procedure Multiple incisions
made in chest Heart is stopped and
passed through heart-lung machine to keep blood oxygenated
Incision is made in heart or aorta to reach valve
Correct size valve is selected and stitched into place
Valve Replacement
Risks Mortality rate of 1-5% Infection, bleeding, stroke, heart attack
Recovery ICU for 12-36 hours immediately following
surgery Typical stay is 4-10 days Full recovery is 1-3 months, depending on
health No heavy lifting for 3-6 months
Valve Replacement
Facts About 225,000
performed each year
Mechanical valves often make a faint clicking noise as they open and close
Aortic Stenosis is the most common reason for valve replacement
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