SURGICAL PROCEDURES

Adam RoweMedical Terminology

Bios 12017 February 2010

Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures

Earliest open heart surgery performed in 19th century

Robot-assisted heart surgery becoming more common

Major complications are neurological

Heart Transplantation

Surgery to remove damaged or diseased heart and replace it with a healthy donor heart

Heart is removed in patient and blood is circulated through heart-lung bypass machine Keeps blood oxygen rich

during procedure Donor heart is stitched in

place Tubes are inserted to

remove air, fluid and blood out of chest for several days

Heart Transplantation

Recommended for: Coronary artery disease Severe heart failure Heart defects present at birth Only when medication won’t work

Not recommended for patients with: Recent cancer Insulin-dependent diabetes Kidney, lung, nerve or liver disease Smoking addiction

Heart Transplantation

Risks Deep venous

thrombosis Damage to organs

from anti-rejection medication

Heart attack or stroke Facts

About 3,500 performed each year

First one performed in 1968

Heart Transplant

Outlook First 24-48 hours are spent in ICU Typical hospital stay is 4-21 days Recovery time is about 6 months Main concern is rejection 80% success rate for first 2 years Post operation survival rate is 15 years

Embolectomy

Emergency surgical removal of an emboli which is blocking blood circulation

Catheter Embolectomy Inserting a catheter with

an inflatable balloon attached to tip

Passing catheter beyond tip of clot

Inflating the balloon and pulling out the clot

Surgical Embolectomy Simple surgical removal of

clot by incision into the vessel

Embolectomy

INDICATION

Surgical and catheter embolectomy is preferred for patients with pulmonary embolism

Acute limb ischemia Removal of blood clot Stroke

Embolectomy

RISK AND OUTCOME RECOVER

80% success rate Vessel wall

damage, heart attack

Good outcome, unless necrosis before the procedure was extensive

Relatively quick Leave from work may

be necessary No heavy lifting

Valve Replacement

One or more heart valves are replaced with a healthy valve

Mechanical Valves - Man made valve - Lifetime anticoagulant is needed

Biological Valves - Taken from cow, pig or human donors - Don’t last as long as mechanical valves

Valve Replacement

Procedure Multiple incisions

made in chest Heart is stopped and

passed through heart-lung machine to keep blood oxygenated

Incision is made in heart or aorta to reach valve

Correct size valve is selected and stitched into place

Valve Replacement

Risks Mortality rate of 1-5% Infection, bleeding, stroke, heart attack

Recovery ICU for 12-36 hours immediately following

surgery Typical stay is 4-10 days Full recovery is 1-3 months, depending on

health No heavy lifting for 3-6 months

Valve Replacement

Facts About 225,000

performed each year

Mechanical valves often make a faint clicking noise as they open and close

Aortic Stenosis is the most common reason for valve replacement