Sucessful PV Application in Indonesia
Case Study
Chayun Budiono
PT Gerbang Multindo Nusantara
Renewable energy systems for every need
Drinking Water TelecommuniactionNavigation Aid
BioenergyHybrid System Microhydro Solar Process Heat
Solar Home Systems
GMN is currently focusing on off grid market…
Why off-grid….?
Est. un-electrified rural households:
11 Million
Approx: 2.5 GW
Rural 60%
Urban 40%
Electrification Ratio
64%
Total households (December 2009) :
58 Million
If only 5% eligible for PV
10 MWp PV market is generated every year
0
2
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18
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,5001979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Co
mm
ula
tive
Ins
talle
d C
ap
acit
y (M
Wp
)
Ye
arl
y P
V S
ys
tem
In
sta
lle
d (k
Wp
/a)
Year
PV Market Development
- How much is the system costs and structure?
- How many installations are operating to date?
- What are the typical failures?
- Any measures for improvements?
Questions:
Resistances for PV Utilization
• High up-front cost
But, there are many competitive applications for PV system in
Indonesia if correctly assessed.
• Dominated by Import Components
PV modules or cells are imported, but it is no longer
dominating the life-cycle system cost
• Significant project failures
- Project is generally designed based on “budget” and “one-
shoot” approaches;
- A thorough assessment during project planing often ignored;
- Missing soft components to meet sustainable utilization:
community, institution, after market services, etc.
Off-grid PV Cost & Profiles
System failures
Life-cycle Cost
PV-D Hybrid
On-grid Cost:
Germany: 4 USD/WpThailand : 3 USD/Wp
RES vs DGS Competition
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Subsidized Oil Market Oil Price Level 1 RES Level 2 RES Level 3 RES
Ge
ne
rati
ng
Co
st
(ID
R/k
Wh
)
Competitivenes Category of Generating Plant
Financial Comparison Economic Comparison
Diesel Generating Set (DGS) Renewable Energy System (RES)
Competition at non-subsidized oil price
Competition at subsidized oil price
Mini- and
micro-hydro
- Biomass
- Small package and remote PV
- Small wind
- Large and Urban PV
MV Jawa-Bali Grid
Energy Market Failures
Relying on fossil sources, while ignoring many externalities:
• Resource scarcity and opportunity cost
• Politically strategic (e.g. oil embargo 1973)
• Greenhouse gas emissions and acid rain
• Avoided cost that inherent to fuel transport and losses
• Avoided cost due to transmission and distribution loss of
electricity
• Price distortion due to fossil fuel and electricity subsidy
Let’s go green…
TELECOMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS
Case Study
Design Chart of PV-Diesel Hybrid System
Current system size ~ 12 kWp
Typical Performace BTS PV-D Hybrid
Current system size ~ 12 kWp
Base Transceiver Station Installations
Tongkeng Island 4.8 kWpMaratua Island 12 kWp
Stand-aloneTelecom Repeater Station
Thank youPT Gerbang Multindo Nusantara
Jl. Sapta Taruna Raya 16, Jakarta 12310
Tel. 021.7651824 ; Fax. 021.75912023
Email: [email protected]
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