Download - Study on safe habits in the use of smartphones by Spanish children and adolescents (English version)

8/3/2019 Study on safe habits in the use of smartphones by Spanish children and adolescents (English version)

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Y}um| gj y`eo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo

ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk

iklcmxoj `jm `mgcoyioj}y

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Oml}lgj> Jgoahox 8600

]ko Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj `jm

`mgcoyioj}y k`y hooj vxov`xom nglj}c| h| }ko J`}lgj`c Ljy}l}u}o ge Igaaujli`}lgj

]oikjgcgbloy +Ljy}l}u}g Jìlgj`c mo ]oijgcgb`y mo c` Igaujliìlj ! LJ]OIG, }kxgubk

}ko Ljegxa`}lgj Yoiuxl}| Ghyox`}gx| `jm Ex`jio ]ocoiga Yv`lj +Gx`jbo,# }kxgubk l}y

Bojox`c Yoixo}`x|! Igxvgx`}o Ygil`c Xoyvgjylhlcl}|*

V`hcg Vxo~ Y`j!Ngy +LJ]OIG, Noyy Buln`xxg U`cc`mgclm +Gx`jbo,

Yuy`j` mo c` Euoj}o Xgmxbuo~ +LJ]OIG, A`x` Oubojl` mo Hc`y Y`j~ +Gx`jbo,

Cùx` B`xi` Vxo~ +LJ]OIG, @j}gjlg Igjmo Ulm`cc +Gx`jbo,

Ixly}lj` Bu}lxxo~ Hgxbo +LJ]OIG, Juxl` Jo~ H`x`kgj` +Gx`jbo,

Omu`xmg c`xo~ @cgjyg +LJ]OIG,

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y gj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y v* 8 exga 096

]kly vuhcli`}lgj hocgjby }g }ko Ljy}l}u}g Jìlgj`c mo ]oijgcgb`y mo c` Igaujliìlj +LJ]OIG, `jm }g Ex`jio ]ocoigaOyv`` +Gx`jbo,# `jm l} ly xoco`yom ujmox ` Ixo`}lo Igaagjy Yv`lj 9*6 @}}xlhu}lgj!Jgj!igaaoxil`c cliojyo4 egx }kly xo`ygj#igv|ljb# mly}xlhu}ljb `jm vuhclic| mlyvc`|ljb }kly rgxd ly muc| voxal}}om ujmox }ko egccgrljb }oxay `jm igjml}lgjy>

@}}xlhu}lgj> ]ko igj}oj}y ge }kly xovgx} a`| ho }g}`cc| gx v`x}l`cc| xovxgmuiom h| }klxm v`x}loy# vxglmom }ko yguxio lyaoj}lgjom `jm o{vxoyyc| `}}xlhu}om }g hg}k LJ]OIG `jm l}y rohyl}o> rrr*lj}oig*oy* Lj jg i`yo yk`cc y`lm xoigbjl}lgj ho}`doj }g yubboy} }k`} LJ]OIG ojmgxyoy }k`} }klxm v`x}| gx }kolx uyo ge }ko rgxd*

Jgj!igaaoxil`c uyo> ]ko gxlblj`c a`}oxl`c `jm `j| moxl`}lo rgxdy a`| ho mly}xlhu}om# igvlom `jm o{klhl}om `y cgjb `y}kolx uyo ly jg} egx igaaoxil`c vuxvgyoy*

Gj xouyljb gx mly}xlhu}ljb }ko rgxd# |gu auy} a`do ico`x }g g}koxy }ko cliojyo }oxay igoxljb }kly rgxd* Ygao ge }koyo igjml}lgjya`| jg} `vvc| rkoxo voxalyylgj ly ygubk} exga LJ]OIG `jm Ex`jio ]ocoiga Yv`lj +Gx`jbo, `y }ko igv|xlbk} kgcmox* Jg}kljb lj}kly cliojyo ujmoxaljoy gx xoy}xli}y LJ]OIG `jm Ex`jio ]ocoiga Yv`lj +Gx`jbo,y agx`c xlbk}y*

k}}v>''ixo`}loigaagjy*gxb'cliojyoy'h|!ji'9*6'oy'

]ko vxoyoj} mgiuaoj} igavcloy rl}k }ko VME +Vgx}`hco Mgiuaoj} Egxa`}, ìioyylhlcl}| igjml}lgjy* Kojio# l} ly ` y}xui}uxom `jmc`hoccom mgiuaoj} vxglmom rl}k `c}oxj`}loy }g `cc jgj!}o{} ocoaoj}y# a`xdom c`jbu`bo `jm yul}`hco xo`mljb gxmox*

Egx agxo ljegxa`}lgj gj }ko ixo`}lgj ge ìioyylhco VME mgiuaoj}y# |gu i`j ikoid }ko bulmo ``lc`hco lj }ko yoi}lgj @iioyylhlcl}|: Yvxo`mljb : A`ju`cy `jm Bulmoy gj }ko rohyl}o k}}v>''rrr*lj}oig*oy
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]@HCO GE IGJ]OJ]Y

]@HCO GE IGJ]OJ]Y ******************************************************************************************************* 9

DO\ VGLJ]Y *********************************************************************************************************************** 2L Ya`x}vkgjoy àgjb `muc}y ********************************************************************************** ;LL Ya`x}vkgjoy agjb aljgxy ********************************************************************************* Yuxo|y gj eàlcloy +pu`j}l}`}lo xoyo`xik, ****************************************** 82

8*9*0 _jloxyo ge }ko y}um| `jm ljmllmu`cy yuhnoi} }g ho yuxo|om ********************** 828*9*8 Yàvco yl~o `jm mly}xlhu}lgj ************************************************************************ 828*9*9 Vgccljb }oikjlpuo jm ljegxaom igjyoj} ****************************************************** 8;

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo 9 ge 096


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8*9*= Y`avcljb oxxgx ********************************************************************************************** 8


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?*=*0 Igjyuav}lgj ao}kgm *********************************************************************************** ?=?*=*8 Rkg k`y }ko xoyvgjylhlcl}| egx v`|aoj} ******************************************************* ??

?*? Aljgx"y ya`x}vkgjo uyo k`hl}y> vc`io jm agaoj} ge uyo ********************************* ?55 Xlydy lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy ******************************************************************************** ? ya`x}vkgjo y* igavu}ox **************** 565*8 Lj`vvxgvxl`}o uyoy *********************************************************************************************** 5=

5*8*0 @muc}y lorvglj}y ***************************************************************************************** 5=5*8*8 Aljgxy lorvglj}y ***************************************************************************************** 55

5*9 Xlydy j`c|yly ****************************************************************************************************** 5;5*9*0 O{ioyylo uyo ********************************************************************************************** 285*9*8 @mmli}lgj ****************************************************************************************************** 2=5*9*9 Vxl`i| ********************************************************************************************************* 255*9*= @iioyy }g igj}oj}y *************************************************************************************** 2


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DO\ VGLJ]Y

]ko ya`x}vkgjoy kò xogcu}lgjl~om }ko aghlco vkgjo yoi}gx* ]ko m`}` exga Moioahox8606 ykgr }k`}# `} Ouxgvo`j cooc# }ko 90/ ge }ko aghlco vkgjoy hocgjbljb }g uyoxy `bom

09 `jm `hgo `xo ya`x}vkgjoy* Nuy} lj Yv`lj# }koxo `xo agxo }k`j 09 alcclgj yuhyixlhoxy

}g ya`x}vkgjoy lmoj}lelom0*

Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj `jm `mgcoyioj}y `xo jg} ljmleeoxoj} }g yuik à`~ljb y}ov egxr`xm* Lj eì}#

}kolx eàlcl`xl}| }g }ko uyo ge }oikjgcgbli`c molioy ly ujpuoy}lgj`hco* @iigxmljb }g }ko

Y}um| gj yèo}| `jm vxlì| lj }ko uyo ge aghlco yoxlioy h| Yv`jlyk aljgxyvxov`xom h|

LJ]OIG `jm Gx`jbo lj 8606# }ko òx`bo `bo ge Yv`jlyk aljgxy elxy} ìioyyljb aghlco

vkgjoy ly ho}rooj 06 `jm 08 |o`xy gcm*

Lj }kly exàorgxd# |gu a`| eljm# gj }ko gjo k`jm# }k`} Yv`jlyk aljgxy kò ìioyy }g

aghlco yoxlioy `} `j o`xc| `bo# `jm gj }ko g}kox k`jm# }k`} }ko vojo}x`}lgj ge

ya`x}vkgjoy# geeoxljb ` igahlj`}lgj ge eo`}uxoy ylalc`x }g }kgyo ge ` }ocovkgjo# ` VM@

`jm ` aljligavu}ox# k`y ykgrj ` y}xgjb ljixo`yo*

Kgroox# rk`} dljm ge uyo `xo }ko| blljb }g }koa7 @xo aljgxy }`dljb `m`j}`bo ge `cc

}koyo molioy voxygj`c `jm vxgeoyylgj`c eo`}uxoy gx nuy} ge }kgyo ge cumli j`}uxo7 Mgoy

grjljb ` ya`x}vkgjo lavxgo gux `mgcoyioj}y yèo k`hl}y gx ly l} }ko gvvgyl}o7 Mg gjcljo

xlydy ykgr ` klbkox ljilmojio rkoj }ko| hxo`d lj gj }koyo molioy7 Lj gxmox }g ico`x uv`cc }kly puoy}lgjy# LJ]OIG `jm Gx`jbo kò i`xxlom gu} }kly ljoy}lb`}lgj vxgnoi}*

]ko xovgx} igjy}l}u}oy ` ml`bjgyly gj yèo k`hl}y `jm uyoy ge ya`x}vkgjoy h|

`mgcoyioj}y `jm }kolx v`xoj}y voxiov}lgj ge yuik yèo k`hl}y `jm uyoy* L} `cyg xoo`cy

}kolx `r`xojoyy `jm xlydy ljilmojio `jm }ko bggm vxì}lio `jm yèo}| ao`yuxoy `mgv}om

h| }koa* ]ko `j`c|yly ly i`xxlom gu} exga }ko mguhco voxyvoi}lo ge }ko aljgx `jm }k`} ge

}ko v`xoj}y# rkg `xo oyyoj}l`c do|y lj }kolx iklcmxojy omui`}lgj# `jm yuik `j`c|yly a`doy

igj}x`y} rl}k 8606 m`}` xoeoxxom }g aghlco molioy lj bojox`c*

Lj gxmox }g vxov`xo }kly y}um|# `j gvljlgj yuxo| k`y hooj igjmui}om `jm l} igjyly}y lj }komoocgvaoj} ge ;66 voxygj`c yuxo|y `} Yv`jlyk kgaoy# i`xx|ljb gu} }rg lj}oxlory lj

oìk eàlc|> gjo }g }ko aljgx `jm gjo }g kly'kox e`}kox# ag}kox gx cob`c bu`xml`j* ]ko

elocmrgxd k`y hooj mgjo `cgjb }ko agj}ky ge Nuc| `jm @ubuy} lj 8600* ]ko y}um| xoyuc}y

`xo yuvvcoaoj}om h| }k`} vxglmom h| 98 o{vox}y +vxgeoyylgj`cy `jm ljy}l}u}lgjy, exga

0 igaYigxo +8600,* ]ko 8606 Aghlco \o`x lj Xolor Ouxgvo* Ouxgvo`j m`}` h`yom gj ljegxa`}lgj exga _jl}om Dljbmga#Ex`jio# Boxa`j|# L}`c| `jm Yv`lj* ]kly xovgx} ly ``lc`hco lj>k}}v>''rrr*igayigxo*iga'oyc'VxoyyWOoj}y'Vxoyoj}`}lgjyWRkl}ov`voxy'8600']koW8606WAghlcoW\o`xWljWXolorW!

WOuxgvo*
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Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo ; ge 096

mleeoxoj} elocmy# rkg kò `mmom }g }ko ljoy}lb`}lgj vxgnoi} ` pu`cl}`}lo `jm

auc}lmlyilvclj`x| lylgj*

]ko `j`c|yly do| vglj}y `xo gu}cljom hocgr*

L Ya`x}vkgjoy àgjb `muc}y

@cagy} `cc }ko v`xoj}y ljgcom lj }ko y}um| kò ` aghlco vkgjo + =;/ ge }ko uyoxy kò ` ya`x}vkgjo

igav`xom }g ?6/ rkg kò ` }x`ml}lgj`c aghlco vkgjo*

Uglio i`ccy +


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LL Ya`x}vkgjoy àgjb aljgxy

Aljgxy ìioyy }g }ko ya`x}vkgjo

Aljgxy# rkg iuxxoj}c| kò ` ya`x}vkgjo# kò k`m ìioyy }g }kolx elxy} aghlco vkgjo `}

}ko `bo ge 00 +00*8 |o`xy gcm gj òx`bo,* Igav`xom }g }ko `bo ge ìioyy }g }ko

ya`x}vkgjo# rklik ly iuxxoj}c| 09 |o`xy gcm*

_yoy ge ya`x}vkgjo h| aljgxy

Aljgxy uyo }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy egx a`dljb glio i`ccy +


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]ko yvgj}`joguy xoyvgjyo ge }ko v`xoj}y ly }k`} }ko| `xo a`ljc| rgxxlom> }k`} }kolx iklcm

ìioyy }g lj`vvxgvxl`}o igj}oj}y +92*;/,# }k`} ko'yko bo}y lj igj}ì} rl}k y}x`jboxy

+86*?/, `jm }k`} ko'yko ljiuxy o{ioyylo igy}y +08*9/,*

Oeeoi} gj }ko aljgx

Opu`cc| }g }ko xovgx} i`xxlom gu} lj 8606# }ko agy} igaagjc| giiuxxljb yl}u`}lgjy `xo

xoc`}om }g `j o{ioyylo uyo# }oikjli`c xlydy# exùm `jm lj i`yoy ge iox}`lj `mmli}lgj*

Kojio# }ko egux agy} aoj}lgjom yl}u`}lgjy `xo> o{ioyylo igy} ljiuxxom h| }ko uyox

+89#;/,# ujygclil}om `mox}lyljb gx yvà +88*9/,# ujmoxbgljb ge `j oigjgali vxonumlio gx

exùm rkoj holjb ik`xbom ` klbk àguj} egx ` mgrjcg`m gx egx v`x}lilv`}ljb gj `

vxgag}lgj`c geeox +02*;/, `jm eoocljb `j{lo}| rkoj }ko molio ly jg} `} k`jm +0?*;/,* ]ko

xoy} ge }ko yl}u`}lgjy ykgr ` cgrox ljilmojio# `cr`|y hocgr 5/*

Egx ljy}`jio# }kgyo yl}u`}lgjy rgxx|ljb }ko v`xoj}y yuik `y }ko ìioyy }g lj`vvxgvxl`}o

igj}oj}y kò ` cooc ge ljilmojio y}`}om h| }ko aljgx ge 9*;/ +igj}oj}y ge yo{u`c j`}uxo,

`jm ?*?/ +igj}oj}y xoc`}om }g lgcojio gx xìlya,*

O{ioyylo uyo

89*;/ ge }ko aljgxy xoigbjl~o }g kò ljiuxxom `j o{ioyylo igy} rl}k }kolx ya`x}vkgjo*

]ko v`xoj}y voxiov}lgj ly yclbk}c| klbkox> 82*?/ ge }ko v`x}lilv`}ljb `muc}y o{vxoyy }k`}

}kolx iklcmxoj kò o{voxlojiom yuik yl}u`}lgj*

Ya`x}vkgjo movojmojio

Lj }kly y}um|# }ko `mmli}lgj gx movojmojio k`y hooj cljdom }g }ko `j{lo}| eoc} le }ko

ya`x}vkgjo ly jg} `} k`jm*

]ko mlxoi} ljilmojio gj }ko aljgx k`vvojy }g 0?*;/ ge }ko aljgxy yuxo|om* ]ko `muc}yf

lylgj ly lj cljo rl}k }k`} ge }kolx iklcmxoj# yljio 0=*;/ ge }ko v`xoj}y yuxo|om y}`}o }k`}

}kolx iklcm k`y o{voxlojiom yuik eoocljb*

Ya`x}vkgjo `mmli}lgj ly hlbbox `y }ko }ooj`boxy bxgr uv> l} èeoi}y


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@iioyy }g lj`vvxgvxl`}o igj}oj}y

9*;/ ge }ko iklcmxoj y`| }g kò yooj vli}uxoy gx lmogy rl}k yo{u`c igj}oj} gj `

ya`x}vkgjo* @iigxmljb }g }ko v`xoj}y# yuik voxioj}`bo ly ooj cgrox +8*9/,* H| bojmox#l} ly agxo igaagj àgjb hg|y +=*5/, }k`j blxcy +8*2/,# `jm }ko exopuoji| ljixo`yoy rl}k

`bo +exga 6* =*?/ ge y}`}om ljilmojio gj iklcmxoj `bom exga 06 }g 08# }ko yào `y

ho}rooj 09 `jm 0=# `jm 2/ ge }kgyo `bom ho}rooj0? `jm 05*

Bxggaljb

9*;/ ge aljgxy `mal} }g kò xoiolom vkgjo i`ccy gx YAY exga ujdjgrj `muc}y lj gxmox

}g aoo} }koa* @hgu} }kolx v`xoj}y gvljlgj# 0*;/ ge }ko `muc}y y}`}o }k`} }kolx iklcm k`y

o{voxlojiom yuik yl}u`}lgj*

Hg}k v`xoj}y `jm iklcmxoj aoo} `} }ko mlxoi} ljilmojio cooc gj }ko xoiov}lgj ge igj}oj}y#

lmogy# vgxjgbx`vkli gx ghyiojo vli}uxoy exga iklcmxoj `jm `mgcoyioj}y +6*;/,* Blxcy

kò xoiolom }kly }|vo ge igj}oj}y }g ` bxo`}ox o{}oj} }k`j hg|y +0*0/ igav`xom }g6*?/,

@y egx }ko aljgxy# ` xomuiom 8*?/ ge }koa y}`}o }g kò xoiolom lavxgvox gx ujrocigao

yubboy}lgjy +}k`} ly# yo{u`c# oigjgali# o}i*, }kxgubk }kolx ya`x}vkgjo*

Yo{}ljb

=*9/ ge }ko aljgxy v`x}lilv`}ljb lj }ko y}um| kò xoiolom yo{u`cc| yubboy}lo la`boy

exga }kolx kgao `jm ygil`c ojlxgjaoj} +v`yylo yo{}ljb,# `jm 0*?/ `mal} }g kò }`doj

yo{| vli}uxoy ge }koayocoy +ì}lo yo{}ljb,* Lj hg}k i`yoy# }ko `muc}y voxiov}lgj ly cgrox}g }k`} ykgrj h| }kolx iklcmxoj*

@i}lo yo{}ljb ly agxo vxì}liom h| blxcy +8*8/, }k`j h| hg|y +6*


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`hgu} }ko v`yylo `jm ì}lo i|hoxhucc|ljb ljilmojio ly cgrox# 6*?/ `jm 6*9/

xoyvoi}loc|*

L} ly lj}oxoy}ljb }g yoo }ko bxo`} mleeoxojio ho}rooj }ko coocy ge mlxoi} `jm ljmlxoi}ljilmojio gj i|hoxhucc|ljb* ]koxoegxo# igav`xom }g 6*;/ ge }ko aljgxy rkg `mal} }g kò

ljyuc}om gx }kxo`}ojom ygao g}kox aljgx djgrj h| }koa }kxgubk }kolx ya`x}vkgjo# 05/ ge

}koa `yyuxo }g djgr ` exlojm gx ic`yya`}o rkg k`y mgjo l}*

@hgu} }ko v`yylo ylmo# 8*?/ ge }ko aljgxy y}`}o }g kò hooj li}la ge k`x`yyaoj}# lj

igj}x`y} rl}k 86*?/ ge aljgxy rkg `yyuxo }g kò exlojmy `jm icgyo ìpu`lj}`jioy rkg

kò yueeoxom exga yuik vxì}lio*

Oigjgali xlyd `jm'gx exùm

]ko hok`lgux xoc`}om }g }o{} aoyy`bo yojmljb }g v`x}lilv`}o lj ` vxgag}lgj gx

mgrjcg`mljb xljb}gjoy# yixoojyòxy# `vvcli`}lgjy gx bàoy rl}k ` agxo o{vojylo vxlio

}k`j l} r`y ljl}l`cc| o{voi}om# ly igjylmoxom }g ho gjo ge }koyo xlyd i`}obgxloy*

02*;/ ge }ko aljgxy moic`xo }g kò hooj yuhnoi} ge oigjgali mà`bo rl}k }kolx

ya`x}vkgjo* ]kly }|vo ge xlyd mlxoi} ljilmojio ly xoc`}om }g }ko aljgxy `bo> l} ly vcìom lj

09*?/ àgjb aljgxy `bom exga 06 }g 08# l} xoa`ljy y}`hco àgjb }kgyo `bom exga 09 }g

0= |o`xy gcm +08*


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]koxo ly `cyg `bxooaoj} xob`xmljb }ko igj}xgc ao}kgmy uyom# yljio 59*;/ ge }ko `muc}y

`jm 59*5/ ge }ko aljgxy igjelxa }k`} }ko| nuy} igjyly} lj uyo y}`jm`xmy# `jm jg} lj

v`x}liuc`x }ggcy*

Igjelmojio `jm vxg}oi}lgj

=0*?/ ge }ko v`xoj}y kò eucc igjelmojio }k`} }kolx iklcm ly vxg}oi}om rkoj uyljb `

ya`x}vkgjo `jm =9*9/ ge }koa kò ygao igjelmojio*

@clbjom rl}k yuik y}`}oaoj}# ; gu} ge 06 v`xoj}y hocloo }k`} }kolx iklcmxoj kò ojgubk

ljegxa`}lgj }g a`do ` yèo uyo ge }kolx ya`x}vkgjo*

C`y}c|# 2


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0 LJ]XGM_I]LGJ @JM GHNOI]LUOY

0*0 Vxoyoj}`}lgj

0*0*0 Ljy}l}u}g Jìlgj`c mo ]oijgcgb`y mo c` Igaujliìlj +LJ]OIG,

]ko Ljy}l}u}g Jìlgj`c mo ]oijgcgb`y mo c` Igaujliìlj# Y*@* +LJ]OIG,# ly ` y}`}o

igav`j| `}}ìkom }g }ko Aljly}x| ge Ljmuy}x|# ]guxlya `jm Igaaoxio h| }ko Yoixo}`x| ge

Y}`}o egx ]ocoigaaujli`}lgjy `jm egx }ko Ljegxa`}lgj Ygilo}|*

LJ]OIG ly `j ljjg`}lo moocgvaoj} ioj}xo ge vuhcli lj}oxoy} egiuyom gj }ko ixo`}lgj ge

xo`c `cuo }g }ko yoi}gx `jm }ko uyoxy# `jm }g }ko yvxo`m ge jor ljegxa`}lgj `jm

igaaujli`}lgjy }oikjgcgbloy +LI], lj Yv`lj# `jm lj }ujo rl}k Ouxgvo*

]ko oyyoj}l`c ghnoi}lo ge LI] ly }g ho uyom `y `j ljy}xuaoj} }g moocgv }ko Ljegxa`}lgj

Ygilo}|# rl}k ì}ll}loy lj }ko elocmy ge ljjg`}lgj `jm moocgvaoj} ge vxgnoi}y `yygil`}om

}g LI]# h`yom gj }kxoo eujmàoj}`c vlcc`xy> `vvclom ljoy}lb`}lgj# xojmoxljb ge yoxlioy

`jm }x`ljljb*

]ko a`lj bg`c ge LJ]OIG ly }g moclox ` xo`c `cuo `jm ljjg`}lgj }g }ko il}l~ojy# }ko

YAOy# Vuhcli @maljly}x`}lgjy `jm }g }ko ljegxa`}lgj }oikjgcgbloy yoi}gx# h| ao`jy ge }ko

moocgvaoj} ge vxgnoi}y rklik kocv xoljegxiljb }ko igjelmojio lj }ko Ljegxa`}lgj Ygilo}|

yoxlioy lj gux iguj}x|# `y rocc `y vxgag}ljb `j lj}oxj`}lgj`c ljgcoaoj}*

Lj gxmox }g mg }k`}# LJ]OIG moocgvy iox}`lj ì}lgjy lj }ko egccgrljb elocmy>

]oikjgcgbli`c yoiuxl}|> LJ]OIG ly igaal}}om l}yoce }g }ko vxgag}lgj ge yèox `jm

yèox Ljegxa`}lgj Ygilo}| yoxlioy# rklik vxg}oi} }ko lj}oxoy}om v`x}loy voxygj`c

m`}`# }kolx vxlì|# }kolx ljegxa`}lgj lj}obxl}| `glmljb `}}ìdy rklik albk} vcìo

}ko yoxlioy vxglmom `} ` xlyd* Eux}koxagxo# }koyo yoxlioy ykgucm ojyuxo }k`} }ko

cob`c xobuc`}lgj ly y}xli}c| igavclom xob`xmljb LI] a`}}oxy* Egx }kly vuxvgyo# l}

iggxmlj`}oy `xlguy vuhcli ljl}l`}loy `hgu} LI] yoiuxl}|# rklik ly vu} lj}g vxì}lio

lj }ko xojmoxljb ge yoxlioy h| }ko Ljegxa`}lgj Yoiuxl}| Ghyox`}gx|# }ko Ioj}xg moXoyvuoy}` ` Ljilmoj}oy mo Yobuxlm`m oj ]oijgcgb`y mo c` Ljegxaìlj +Ioj}xo ge

Xoyvgjyo }g Ljilmoj}y lj Ljegxa`}lgj ]oikjgcgbloy Yoiuxl}|, +LJ]OIG!IOX], rl}k

l}y Ioj}xg Moagy}x`mgx mo ]oijgcgb`y mo Yobuxlm`m +Yoiuxl}| ]oikjgcgbloy

Moagjy}x`}lgj Ioj}xo,# `jm }ko Lj}oxjo} uyox Yoiuxl}| Geelio# ge rklik }ko il}l~ojy#

YAOy# Vuhcli @maljly}x`}lgjy jm }ko }oikjgcgbli`c yoi}gx }`do `m`j}`bo*

@iioyylhlcl}|> LJ]OIG y}lauc`}oy agxo ìioyylhco Ljegxa`}lgj Ygilo}| yoxlioy#

rklik xoago }ko o{icuylgj h`xxloxy# rk`}oox }ko vxghcoa# cìd ge }oikjli`c

xoyguxioy gx }x`ljljb# o}i* a`| ho# gx ooj `j| mly`hlcl}| }ko uyoxy a`| kò*@v`x} exga }k`}# }kgyo yoxlioy ykgucm `cyg eìlcl}`}o }ko vxgbxoyylo lj}obx`}lgj ge

`cc }ko igccoi}loy ge uyoxy# yg }ko| i`j hojoel} exga }ko gvvgx}ujl}loy geeoxom h|

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo 0= ge 096


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}ko Ljegxa`}lgj Ygilo}|* Hoylmoy# LJ]OIG `cyg moocgvy ìioyylhlcl}| vxgnoi}y

egiuyom gj ojyuxljb }ko il}l~ojy `jm igav`jloy xlbk}y }g mo`c rl}k }ko Vuhcli

@maljly}x`}lgjy ocoi}xgjli`cc|*

L]I pu`cl}|> LJ]OIG y}lauc`}oy klbkox pu`cl}| Ygilo}| Ljegxa`}lgj yoxlioy#

ojyuxljb yul}`hco yoxlioy coocy# rklik xoyuc} lj agxo xghuy} `vvcli`}lgjy `jm

y|y}oay# ` igaal}aoj} ge ``lc`hlcl}| `jm xoyvgjyo }lao# ` yul}`hco uyox yuvvgx}#

ìiux`}o `jm ico`x ljegxa`}lgj gj }ko yoxlioy euji}lgjy vxgbxoyy# `jm lj ` rkgco#

ho}}ox `jm ho}}ox yoxlioy* Lj cljo rl}k }ko `hgo# LJ]OIG `cyg egy}oxy }ko

Yge}r`xo yoi}gx igavo}l}lojoyy h| ao`jy ge }ko y}lauc`}lgj ge }ko pu`cl}|

lavxgoaoj} `jm }ko iox}leli`}lgj ge }ko igav`jloy `jm }ko yge}r`xo ojbljooxljb

vxgeoyylgj`cy*

]x`ljljb> }ko }x`ljljb ly ` do| eì}gx }g `}}xì} }`coj} `jm }g lavxgo }ko

igav`jloy igavo}l}lojoyy* ]k`} ly rk| LJ]OIG egy}oxy bx`mu`}oy `jm

vxgeoyylgj`cy }x`ljljb gj }kgyo }oikjgcgbloy agxo moa`jmom h| }ko yoi}gx*

]ko Ljegxa`}lgj Yoiuxl}| Ghyox`}gx| ly ljicumom lj LJ]OIG y}x`}obli cljoy ge ì}lgj egx

]oikjgcgbli c Yoiuxl}|*

L} ly ixo`}om egx }ko vuxvgyo ge a`dljb ` mo}`lcom `jm y|y}oa`}li moyixlv}lgj ge }ko cooc ge

yoiuxl}| `jm igjelmojio lj }ko Ljegxa`}lgj Ygilo}|# `jm egx }ko ixo`}lgj ge yvoil`cl~om

djgrcombo lj yuik a`}}oxy* ]koxoegxo# l} ly vcìom `} }ko mlyvgy`c ge il}l~ojy# igav`jloy

`jm }ko Yv`jlyk vuhcli `maljly}x`}lgjy lj gxmox }g moyixlho# `j`c|~o `jm yvxo`m }ko

ljegxa`}lgj yoiuxl}| iuc}uxo jm }ko o!igjelmojio*

]ko Ghyox`}gx| k`y moylbjom `j @i}ll}| `jm Y}um| Vc`j lj gxmox }g vxgmuio yvoil`cl~om

`jm uyoeuc djgrcombo lj yoiuxl}| a`}}oxy egx LJ]OIG# }gbo}kox rl}k }ko xoigaaojm`}lgjy

`jm vxgvgy`cy vxov`x`}lgj rklik moeljo `clm }ojmojiloy egx }ko eu}uxo moilylgj }`dljb h|

vuhcli u}kgxl}loy*

Lj }kly ì}lgj vc`j# rgxdy ge ljoy}lb`}lgj# `j`c|yly# y}um|# `mlygx| `jm yvxo`m `xo }`dljbvcìo `jm yk`cc `mmxoyy# àgjb g}koxy# }ko egccgrljb y}x`}obloy>

Vxov`x`}lgj ge y}umloy `jm yvoileli xovgx}y gj Ljegxa`}lgj `jm Igaaujli`}lgj

yoiuxl}| a`}}oxy# oyvoil`cc| oavk`yl~ljb Lj}oxjo} Yèo}|*

Agjl}gxljb ge }ko a`lj ljmli`}gxy `jm vuhcli vgcliloy xoc`}om }g ljegxa`}lgj yoiuxl}|

`jm igjelmojio `} j`}lgj`c `jm lj}oxj`}lgj`c coocy*

Ixo`}lgj ge ` m`}`h`yo rklik `ccgry }ko `j`c|yly `jm `yyoyyaoj} ge yoiuxl}| `jm

igjelmojio ujmox ` }lao voxyvoi}lo*

Vxgag}lgj ge ljoy}lb`}lgj vxgnoi}y lj LI] yoiuxl}| a`}}oxy*

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo 0? ge 096


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Yvxo`m ge y}umloy `jm xovgx}y vuhclykom h| g}kox ljy}l}u}lgjy `jm j`}lgj`c `jm

lj}oxj`}lgj`c gxb`jl~`}lgjy# `y rocc `y }kgyo y}umloy gj ljegxa`}lgj `hgu} }ko

j`}lgj`c `jm Ouxgvo`j uvm`}oy gj Ljegxa`}lgj Ygilo}| yoiuxl}| `jm igjelmojio

a`}}oxy*

@mlygx| egx Vuhcli @maljly}x`}lgjy xob`xmljb ljegxa`}lgj yoiuxl}| `jm igjelmojio#

`y rocc `y vuhcli vgcliloy yuvvgx}# vxov`x`}lgj# agjl}gxljb `jm `yyoyyaoj} lj yuik

`xo`*

0*0*8 Gx`jbo Yv`lj

Gx`jbo# `y ` v`x} ge }ko Bxguv Ex`jio ]ciga# k}}v>''rrr*gx`jbo*oy# ly `j `c}oxj`}lo

co`mljb gvox`}gx lj }ko Yv`jlyk a`xdo}# `jm gjo ge }ko a`lj ljoy}gxy lj }ko

}ocoigaaujli`}lgjy yoi}gx# k`ljb ìixuom `j ljoy}aoj} ge agxo }k`j 09 hlcclgj ouxg ljYv`lj* Gx`jbo# egiuyljb gj ljjg`}lgj# vcìoy }ko icloj}y lj }ko ioj}xo ge l}y ì}ll}|#

rkgyo vuxvgyo ly }g vxglmo }koa ylavco# uyoeuc `jm y}`}o!ge!}ko!`x} vxgmui}y rl}k }ko

klbkoy} pu`cl}| `jm yoxlio bu`x`j}ooy* ]k`jdy }g `cc }kly# Gx`jbo ly ` eujmàoj}`c ì}gx

ge }ko }ocoigaaujli`}lgjy yoi}gx lj gux iguj}x|# rkoxo l} vxglmoy yoxlio }g agxo }k`j

09*= alcclgj uyoxy +`y ge 96 Nujo 8600,*

Gx`jbo icloj}y# hg}k ljmllmu`cy `jm igav`jloy# hojoel} exga }ko agy} `m`jiom vxgmui}y

`jm aghlco vkgjo# c`jm cljo# hxg`mh`jm Lj}oxjo}# `jm ]U l` @MYC yoxlioy* @cc }koyo

ì}ll}loy xoyuc}om lj ` }uxjgox klbkox }g 9#;66 alcclgj ouxg lj 8606*

]ko Igav`j| Ygil`c Xoyvgjylhlcl}| ly ` v`x} ge l}y igav`j| y}x`}ob| `jm l} ly

yuaa`xl~om lj }ko igjy}`j} yo`xik ge h`c`jio ho}rooj }ko oigjgali igavo}l}lojoyy#

}ko ygil`c vxgbxoyy `jm }ko ojlxgjaoj} xoyvoi}*

Gx`jbo xg`ma`v gj IYX a`}}oxy ly xoa`xdom h| l}y vc`j Igjpuoy}y 860?# rklik

igjyly}y lj }ko `mgv}lgj ge `j ljjg`}lo igav`j| y}x`}ob|# h`yom gj }ko iggvox`}lgj `jm

ig!xoyvgjylhlcl}|* Lj g}kox rgxmy# Gx`jbo k`y ` l}y a`lj vuxvgyo }g iggvox`}o rl}k `cc l}y

bxguvy ge lj}oxoy} lj gxmox }g oy}`hclyk }kgyo igjml}lgjy rklik hojoel} ` yuy}`lj`hco

moocgvaoj}# rklco l} ly bloj `j `jyrox }g }ko ik`ccojboy vgyom h| yuik ` m|jàlirgxcm ro iuxxoj}c| clo lj# `cyg xob`xmljb }ko xoyvgjylhco uyo ge }ko jor }oikjgcgbloy*

Lj }kly xoyvoi}# Gx`jbo `mal}y `jm ly `r`xo ge }ko lavgx}`jio ge aljgxy vxg}oi}lgj# }`dljb

lj}g ìiguj} }ko e`y} `jm igjy}`j} ogcu}lgj ge }ko ljegxa`}lgj }oikjgcgbloy* ]koxoegxo# l}

egy}oxy `cc }kgyo ljl}l`}loy `ccgrljb l}y icloj}y }g yuiioyyeucc| eìo }ko ik`ccojbo ge

ojyuxljb }ko aljgxy }g uyo `cc }ko vgyylhlcl}loy geeoxom h| LI] yèoc|*

Ex`jio ]ocoiga Bxguv# }gbo}kox rl}k }ko a`lj Ouxgvo`j aghlco vkgjo gvox`}gxy# ylbjom

` Yoce!xobuc`}lgj @bxooaoj} jàom Ouxgvo`j exàorgxd gj yèox aghlco uyo h| iklcmxoj

`jm `mgcoyioj}y lj Eohxu`x| 8662* Gjo ge }ko igaal}aoj}y ge }kly @bxooaoj} ly }ko

moocgvaoj} ge ylalc`x Igmo ge Igjmui}y lj }ko `xlguy Ouxgvo`j _jlgj aoahox oy}`}oy*

http://www.orange.es/http://www.orange.es/


17/130

_jmox }kly igaal}aoj}# lj Moioahox 8662# Gx`jbo Yv`lj# }gbo}kox rl}k g}kox Yv`jlyk

gvox`}gxy# ylbjom }ko Igmo ge igjmui} ge aghlco gvox`}gxy egx }ko vxgag}lgj ge

xoyvgjylhco uyo h| aljgxy rkoj ìioyyljb aghlco ocoi}xgjli igaaujli`}lgjy igj}oj}y

yoxlioy lj Yv`lj +A`xig ouxgvog v`x` uj uyg ay yobuxg moc alc vgx jlgy |

`mgcoyioj}oy,* H| ylbjljb }kly Igmo# Gx`jbo Yv`lj ly igaal}}om }g>

]ko ic`yyleli`}lgj ge igj}oj}y> c`hoccljb igj}oj}y }k`} k`y hooj ic`yylelom `y jgj

yul}`hco egx }ko ujmox 0;y lj ìigxm`jio rl}k Ouxgvo`j ygil`c y}`jm`xmy*

@iioyy igj}xgc aoik`jlyay> `glmljb aljgxy ìioyy }g ic`yylelom igj}oj}y egx

`muc}y*

Omui`}lgj `jm `r`xojoyy x`lyljb> vxgag}ljb `r`xojoyy x`lyljb iàv`lbjy xoc`}om}g }ko xoyvgjylhco uyo ge aghlco yoxlioy*

Elbk}ljb `b`ljy} }ko yvxo`m ge lcclil} igj}oj}y*

Gx`jbo jg} gjc| iggvox`}oy rl}k vuhcli gxb`jl~`}lgjy }g ìigavclyk yuik vuxvgyo# hu}

`cyg yuvvgx}y }ko v`xoj}y gj }ko ik`ccojbo oj}`lcom h| ojyuxljb }k`} }kolx iklcmxoj `xo

xo`m| }g uyo `cc }ko vgyylhlcl}loy geeoxom h| LI] yèoc|*

Opu`cc|# Gx`jbo iggvox`}oy rl}k }ko `yygil`}lgj Vxg}oi} }koa +Vxg}bocoy, h| blljb

coi}uxoy lj yikggcy `hgu} yèo Lj}oxjo} yuxeljb `jm vxglmljb ìioyy exga }kolx rohy }g }koxovgx} kg}cljo gj iklcm vgxjgbx`vk| ljicumom lj }ko vgx}`c rrr*vxg}obocoy*iga# rklik ly

lj}obx`}om lj }ko Ljkgvo kg}cljoy jo}rgxd +lj}oxj`}lgj`c gxb`jl~`}lgj rklik b`}koxy }ko

xovgx} kg}cljoy exga }ko Ouxgvo`j _jlgj# _Y@# @uy}x`cl`# Dgxo`# Hx`~lc# o}i*,# yuvvgx}om

h| }ko O_ Yèox Lj}oxjo} Vxgbxàao* Yuik `bxooaoj} xoljegxioy Gx`jbo igavxgalyo gj

}ko aljgxy vxg}oi}lgj `b`ljy} lavxgvox uyo ge jor }oikjgcgbloy# lj igavcl`jio rl}k }ko

ghclb`}lgjy `yyuaom h| }ko igav`j| gj ylbjljb }ko Aghlco @ccl`jio +ì}lgj vxgag}om h|

}ko BYA @yygil`}lgj, `jm }ko Igmo ge Igjmui} egx Vxg}oi}ljb Aljgxy lj Aghlco Ocoi}xgjli

Igaaujli`}lgjy Igj}oj}y Yoxlioy lj Yv`lj*

Elj`cc|# Gx`jbo `cyg iggvox`}om lj }ko moocgvaoj} `jm cùjik ge }ko omui`}lgj`c vgx}`c

]oìk ]gm`| rrr*}oìk}gm`|*ou# moylbjom egx }ko omui`}lgj yoi}gx }g kò `} l}y

mlyvgy`c ` uyoeuc }ggc egx }ko }x`ljljb gj }ko xoyvgjylhco uyo ge jor }oikjgcgbloy h|

aljgxy*

http://www.teachtoday.eu/http://www.teachtoday.eu/


18/130

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo 0; ge 096

0*8 Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj `jm

`mgcoyioj}y

0*8*0 Igj}o{} `jm y}um|y gvvgx}ujl}|

Aghlco molioy kò ogcom }g }ko o{}oj} }k`}# rl}k iuxxoj} }oikjgcgb|# ` ya`x}vkgjo

geeoxy jo`xc| }ko yào euji}lgj`cl}loy `y ` voxygj`c igavu}ox*

Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj `jm `mgcoyioj}y `xo }x`ml}lgj`c igjyuaoxy ge }oikjgcgb|# `jm }kly ly#

gjio agxo# igjelxaom h| }ko m`}` ge }ko J`}lgj`c Y}`}ly}liy Ljy}l}u}o xob`xmljb }ko Yuxo|

gj }ko Opulvaoj} `jm _yo ge Ljegxa`}lgj `jm Igaaujli`}lgj ]oikjgcgbloy lj }ko kgao*

Lj 8600 +Gi}ghox m`}`,#


19/130

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo 0< ge 096

yoiuxo le }ko| i`j cgi`}o }kolx iklcm }kxgubk }ko aghlco vkgjo?, `jm iklcmxoj `xo vxglmom

rl}k ` yojyo ge exoomga `jm ù}gjga|* Kgroox# }ko uyo ge aghlco vkgjoy ly jg} exoo

exga xlydy* ]ko ik`ccojbo igjyly}y ge eljmljb }ko h`c`jio ho}rooj }ko o{vcgl}`}lgj ge }ko

vg}oj}l`c geeoxom h| ya`x}vkgjoy `jm }ko vxooj}lgj ge vgyylhco xlydy*

]ko xlydy igjylmoxom h| LJ]OIG `jm Gx`jbo rkoj oy}`hclykljb }ko vxoyoj} y}um| kò

hooj bxguvom lj}g }ko egccgrljb i`}obgxloy>

O{ioyylo uyo*

@mmli}lgj*

]kxo`}y }g vxlì|*

@iioyy }g lj`vvxgvxl`}o igj}oj}y*

Bxggaljb*

Yo{}ljb*

I|hoxhucc|ljb*

Oigjgali xlyd `jm'gx exùm*

]oikjli`c xlydy*

Lj }kly igj}o{}# l} ly mooaom joioyy`x| }g a`do ` ml`bjgyly ge }ko uyoy ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo

`jm yèo k`hl}y h| `mgcoyioj}y `jm# lj `mml}lgj# }g djgr }ko voxiov}lgj ge v`xoj}y

xob`xmljb yuik uyoy `jm yèo k`hl}y* L} ly lavgx}`j} `y rocc }g djgr }kolx `r`xojoyy ge }ko

xlydy# }kolx xoì}lgj }g }koa `jm }ko yoiuxl}| ao`yuxoy lavcoaoj}om*

0*8*8 Bojox`c ghnoi}lo

]ko bojox`c ghnoi}lo ge }ko y}um| ly }g oy}`hclyk ` ml`bjgyly# rklik mgoy jg} o{ly}y }g

m`}o# gj }ko iuxxoj} yl}u`}lgj lj Yv`lj xob`xmljb }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| aljgxy exga

06 }g 05# `y rocc `y }ko ljgcoaoj} ge v`xoj}y `jm cob`c bu`xml`jy lj xoc`}lgj }g }ko

oy}`hclykaoj} `jm vxgag}lgj ge vxgiomuxoy `jm hok`lguxy egx ` yèo uyo ge y`lm

ya`x}vkgjoy*

? LJ]OIG `jm Gx`jbo +8606,* Oy}umlg yghxo yobuxlm`m | vxlìlm`m oj oc uyg mo cgy yoxlilgy alcoy vgx cgy aojgxoyoyv`gcoy* +Y}um| gj yèo}| `jm vxlì| lj }ko uyo ge aghlco yoxlioy h| Yv`jlyk aljgxy,* Xovgx} ``lc`hco `}>k}}v>''rrr*lj}oig*oy'Yobuxlm`m'Ghyox`}gxlg'Oy}umlgyWoWLjegxaoy'Oy}umlgyWoWLjegxaoyW0'Oy}umlgWaglcoyWaojgxoy
http://www.inteco.es/Seguridad/Observatorio/Estudios_e_Informes/Estudios_e_Informes_1/Estudio_moviles_menoreshttp://www.inteco.es/Seguridad/Observatorio/Estudios_e_Informes/Estudios_e_Informes_1/Estudio_moviles_menores


20/130

]ko ml`bjgyly ge }ko ì}u`c uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj `jm `mgcoyioj}y

`ccgry }ko oy}`hclykaoj} ge ` igj}x`y} rl}k }ko m`}` gj }ko uyo ge aghlco vkgjoy# `jm }kuy

}ko `j`c|yly ge>

]ko ylalc`xl}loy gx mleeoxojioy ho}rooj ya`x}vkgjo jm }x`ml}lgj`c aghlco vkgjo*

]ko ogcu}lgj ujmoxbgjo lj }ko voxiov}lgj `jm }ko k`hl}y ge Yv`jlyk aljgxy

ho}rooj 8606 `jm 8600*

@cc }kly# rl}k }ko `la ge mlxoi}ljb ì}lgjy }g }ko omui`}lgj ge aljgxy lj xoc`}lgj }g }ko yèo

uyo ge }ko aghlco vkgjo lj bojox`c `jm }ko ya`x}vkgjo lj v`x}liuc`x*

0*8*9 Yvoileli ghnoi}loy

]ko vxolguy ghnoi}loy `xo gvox`}lgj`cc| hxgdoj mgrj lj}g }ko egccgrljb yvoileli

ghnoi}loy# rklik# lj }uxj# `xo uyoeuc egx y}xui}uxljb }ko y}um|y igj}oj}y*

]ko ya`x}vkgjo agjb muc}y

Djgrljb }ko uyoy ge aghlco vkgjoy h| `muc}y `jm lmoj}le|ljb }ko mleeoxojioy lj }ko

hok`lgux ho}rooj ya`x}vkgjo jm }x`ml}lgj`c aghlco vkgjo uyoxy*

@j`c|yljb }ko `vvcli`}lgjy mgrjcg`mom a`ljc| h| `muc}y lj }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy*

O{àljljb }ko ag}l`}lgjy }k`} kò `j ljecuojio gj }ko moilylgj }g hu| `

ya`x}vkgjo*

]ko ya`x}vkgjo àgjb aljgxy

Moeljljb aljgxy `bo ge ìioyy }g aghlco vkgjoy lj bojox`c `jm }g }ko uyo ge

ya`x}vkgjoy lj v`x}liuc`x*

Eljmljb gu} rkg v`x}lilv`}oy lj aljgxy moilylgj }g hu| ` ya`x}vkgjo `jm bgljb lj!

mov}k gj }ko ag}l`}lgjy egx }k`} vuxik`yo# igj}x`y}ljb iklcmxojy lorvglj} rl}k}k`} ge }kolx v`xoj}y*

Djgrljb }ko uyoy aljgxy a`do ge }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy `jm igav`xljb }koa }g }ko

uyoy }kolx v`xoj}y }kljd }ko| mg*

Lmoj}le|ljb rko}kox }ko uyo aljgxy a`do ge }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy ly# }g ` bxo`}ox

o{}oj}# voxygj`c gx le# gj }ko igj}x`x|# l} ly ` ygil`c uyo +rl}k g}kox voxygjy,*

@j`c|yljb }ko mgrjcg`mom `vvcli`}lgjy# }g ` bxo`}ox o{}oj}# h| aljgxy gj }kolx

ya`x}vkgjoy*



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Bgljb lj!mov}k gj }ko uyo aljgxy a`do ge }ko ygil`c jo}rgxdy }kxgubk }ko

ya`x}vkgjo*

Eljmljb gu} }ko ljgcoaoj} ge v`xoj}y lj }ko uyo iklcmxoj a`do ge }ko ya`x}vkgjolj bojox`c# `jm ge lj}oxjo} yuxeljb lj v`x}liuc`x*

Djgrljb aljgxy igjyuav}lgj k`hl}y rl}k }kolx ya`x}vkgjo> ao`jy ge v`|aoj}

+vxov`|aoj} gx vgy}!v`|aoj}, `jm }ko voxygj xoyvgjylhco egx }k`} ljglio

v`|aoj}*

Ghyoxljb rkoxo `jm rkoj }ko ya`x}vkgjo ly holjb uyom*

Xlydy ge uyljb ya`x}vkgjoy

Djgrljb muc}y a`lj igjioxjy xob`xmljb }kolx iklcmxoj uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy*

Oy}`hclykljb }ko ljilmojio ge xlyd yl}u`}lgjy gj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy giiuxxom }g

aljgxy# lj }ko gvljlgj ge v`xoj}y*

Eljmljb gu} aljgxy `r`xojoyy ge }ko o{ly}ojio ge lj`vvxgvxl`}o hok`lguxy lj }ko

uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy*

@j`c|yljb }ko cooc ge `r`xojoyy moic`xom h| aljgxy# }ko mlxoi} `jm ljmlxoi}

ljilmojio `jm# le `vvxgvxl`}o# }ko ogcu}lgj# xob`xmljb 8606# ge `j| ge }ko

hok`lguxy igjjoi}om rl}k }ko egccgrljb xlydy>

g O{ioyylo uyo*

g @mmli}lgj*

g ]kxo`}y }g vxl`i|*

g @iioyy }g lj`vvxgvxl`}o igj}oj}y*

g Bxggaljb*

g Yo{}ljb*

g I|hoxhucc|ljb*

g Oigjgali xlyd jm'gx ex`um*

g ]oikjli`c xlydy*

Aoj}lgjljb }ko eoocljby o{vxoyyom h| aljgxy xob`xmljb }ko ljilmojio ge `j|

yl}u`}lgj igjy}l}u}ljb ` xlyd*



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Yoiuxl}| rkoj uyljb ya`x}vkgjoy

Djgrljb aljgxy voxiov}lgj xob`xmljb v`xoj}y igj}xgc gj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy*

Lmoj}le|ljb }ko clal}`}lgjy lavgyom h| v`xoj}y }g }kolx iklcmxoj# igj}x`y}ljb }ko

lorvglj} ge aljgxy `jm `muc}y*

Eljmljb gu} }ko cooc ge igjelmojio `jm }x`jpulccl}| ge `muc}y xob`xmljb }ko uyo }kolx

iklcmxoj a`do ge ya`x}vkgjoy*

0*8*= Rk`} ly ` ya`x}vkgjo7

Ya`x}vkgjo ly moeljom `y ` molio }k`}# y}`x}ljb exga }ko euji}lgj`cl}| ge `j gxmlj`x|

aghlco vkgjo# k`y ogcom }g hoigao icgyox# `} vxoyoj}# }g ` c`v}gv* Jgr`m`|y l} ly

jgxa`c egx }kly }|vo ge vkgjoy }g kò `bojm`# BVY# lmog `jm auyli vc`|ox# o{}ojylo

igjjoi}ll}| gv}lgjy `jm ygao euji}lgj`cl}loy }k`} roxo ljigjiol`hco egx }kly }|vo ge

molioy ` eor |o`xy `bg5*

]ko a`lj ya`x}vkgjoy a`jueì}uxoxy kò moocgvom aghlco gvox`}ljb y|y}oay }k`}

`ccgr }ko a`j`boaoj} ge }ko igavu}ljb vxgioyyoy ge }ko molio# `y rocc `y }ko

euji}lgjljb ge g}kox yge}r`xo `jm vvcli`}lgjy e}oxr`xmy ljy}`ccom*

]ko a`lj aghlco gvox`}ljb y|y}oay rgxdljb jgr`m`|y lj }ko a`xdo} `xo>

@jmxglm

lGY

Y|ahl`j

HcìdHoxx| GY

Rljmgry Vkgjo

]kly r`|# }ko ya`x}vkgjo a`doy vgyylhco `m`jiom uyoy yuik `y a`j`bljb o!a`lc

ìiguj}y# yuxeljb lj}oxjo} gx ìioyyljb ygil`c jo}rgxdy*

Egx }k`} vuxvgyoy# agy} ge }koyo vkgjoy kò rlmo }guik yixoojy +}koxo `xo kgroox

o{iov}lgjy,# }ko| ge}oj kò ` eucc do|hg`xm +`cyg djgrj `y PROX]\ do|hg`xm, ol}kox

lx}u`c gx vk|yli`c +}g rxl}o aoyy`boy `jm o!a`lcy lj ` igaegx}`hco a`jjox, `jm }ko| `ccgr

}g yuxe }ko lj}oxjo} `} e`y} yvoom +9B gx agxo,*

5 Moeljl}lgj mx`rj exga }ko xovgx} A`cr`xo oj ya`x}vkgjoy# mxè}om h| }ko Igjyong Jìlgj`c Igjyuc}lg mo I|hox!Yobuxlm`m* Xovgx} ``lc`hco `}> k}}v>''rrr*y80yoi*iga'moyi`xb`y'A`cr`xoWYa`x}vkgjoyWIJIIY/86*vme*
http://www.s21sec.com/descargas/Malware_Smartphones_CNCCS%20.pdfhttp://www.s21sec.com/descargas/Malware_Smartphones_CNCCS%20.pdf


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Lj `mml}lgj# }ko| ge}oj kò auc}l}`ydljb euji}lgjy }k`} `ccgr uy }g mg yoox`c }kljby `} }ko

yào }lao +ikoidljb }ko o!a`lc `jm }`cdljb# egx o{àvco,

Rk`} a`ljc| ik`xì}oxlyoy ya`x}vkgjoy lj igav`xlygj rl}k g}kox aghlco vkgjoy ly }k`}}ko| `ccgr }g ljy}`cc `vvcli`}lgjy a`dljb o`ylox }ko ìioyy }g jor uyoy# }ko voxegxa`jio

ge agxo `m`jiom }`ydy `jm }ko ìioyy }g jor yoxlioy# `cc ge l} rl}k aojuy `jm yixoojy

`m`v}om }g }ko vkgjo rklik geeox ` ylavco `jm gv}laua uyox o{voxlojio*

@vvcli`}lgjy i`j ho v`lm gx exoo `jm a`| ho moocgvom h| `j| vxgbxàaox* Lj gxmox }g

ljy}`cc }koa gj }ko vkgjo# l} ly joioyy`x| }g mgrjcg`m }koa exga }ko yvoileli ykgvy egx

oìk gvox`}ljb y|y}oa# exga }ko roh v`boy ge }ko vxgbxàaoxy }koayocoy gx ooj exga

g}kox rohy }k`} b`}kox vvcli`}lgjy*



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8 AO]KGMGCGBLI@C MOYLBJ

]ko xoyo`xik }oà k`y igahljom ao}kgmgcgbloy ge pu`j}l}`}lo `jm pu`cl}`}lo `j`c|yly#voxegxaom lj ` yopuoj}l`c a`jjox lj }ko egccgrljb rgxd y}`boy>

Y}`bo 0> Yo`xik `jm mgiuaoj}`x| `j`c|yly ge xovgx}y `jm y}umloy }k`}# ìigxmljb

}g }kolx igj}oj}y# ao}kgmgcgb| gx `vvxgìk# `xo xob`xmom `y xoeoxojio a`}oxl`c lj

hg}k }ko a`xdo} xoyo`xik ge ya`x}vkgjoy `jm }kolx uyo# `jm }ko Ljegxa`}lgj `jm

Igaaujli }lgj ]oikjgcgbloy +LI], lj bojox`c# h| aljgxy*

Y}`bo 8> @mlio exga o{vox}y lj mlyilvcljoy xoc`}ljb }g ya`x}vkgjoy `jm'gx aljgxy

a`xdo} rl}k }ko `la ge vxglmljb ` vxgeoyylgj`c pu`cl}`}lo vglj} ge lor*

Y}`bo 9> Yuxo|y gj eàlcloy lj kgaoy rl}k aljgxy exga 06 }g 05 }k`} `xo uyoxy ge

ya`x}vkgjoy# igjmui}ljb }rg lj}oxlory lj oìk eàlc|> gjo rl}k }ko aljgx `jm

gjo rl}k }ko xoyvgjylhco `muc}*

Y}`bo => Mxè}ljb ge }ko vxoyoj} xovgx} rklik ljicumoy }ko `j`c|yly `jm

igjicuylgjy ge }ko vxolguy y}`boy*

]ko yvoileli ao}kgmgcgb| ge oìk ge }ko y}`boy ly eux}kox mo}`lcom hocgr*

8*0 Y}`bo 0> Yo`xik `jm mgiuaoj}`x| j`c|yly ge xovgx}y `jm y}umloy

]ko `la ly }g `j`c|yo yoigjm`x| yguxioy ge xoyo`xik lj gxmox }g ojxlik `jm mlxoi} }ko

xoyo`xik vxgnoi}* Yoigjm`x| yguxio ao`jy `j| mgiuaoj} }k`}# k`ljb hooj vxgmuiom

vxlgx }g }ko iuxxoj} xoyo`xik# igj}`ljy m`}` }k`} i`j ho o{vcgl}om lj ` igj}o{} mleeoxoj} exga

}ko o{ly}ljb gjo `} }ko agaoj} ge l}y vxgmui}lgj*

Lj @jjo{ L> Hlhclgbx`vk|` cly} ge }kovuhcli`}lgjy igjylmoxom lj }ko mxè}ljb ge }kly xovgx} ly

ljicumom*

8*8 Y}`bo 8> Lj}oxlor rl}k o{vox}y +pu`cl}`}lo xoyo`xik,]ko `la ge }kly y}`bo ly }g gh}`lj ` pu`cl}`}lo auc}lmlyilvclj`x| lor }g ojxlik }ko vxgnoi}*

]ko v`x}l`c xoyuc}y ge }kly yoigjm y}`bo kò `ccgrom }g oy}`hclyk ` elxy} ml`bjgyly> }g djgr

}ko ì}lgjy }k`} `xo holjb voxegxaom lj }ko elocm ujmox o{àlj`}lgj# }g ujmoxy}`jm }ko

}kogxo}li`c xoecoi}lgjy ge o{vox}y `jm }g o{vcgxo }ko eu}uxo vxgyvoi}y*

]ko 98 o{vox}y +vxgeoyylgj`cy `jm ljy}l}u}lgjy, }k`} kò v`x}lilv`}om `xo cly}om hocgr* ]ko

v`x}lilv`}lgj ge o{vox}y igaljb exga ko}oxgbojoguy `xo`y `ccgry }g lmoj}le| mleeoxoj}

vgyl}lgjy `jm igjioxjy }k`} lj}xgmuio }ko xoecoi}lgj `jm }ko moh`}o*

]ko lj}oxlory roxo i`xxlom gu} ho}rooj 86 Yov}oahox `jm 0= Gi}ghox 8600# gj }ko

h`yly ge ` y}xui}uxom gu}cljo igoxljb }ko egccgrljb yoi}lgjy>

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo 8= ge 096


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0, Vojo}x`}lgj ge ya`x}vkgjoy agjb iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y*

8, Yoiuxl}| xlydy eìom h| aljgxy rkoj uyljb ya`x}vkgjoy*

9, Ao`jy ge vxooj}ljb jm elbk}ljb }ko xlydy*

=, @vvxgvxl`}o cooc ge omui`}lgj jm ljegxa`}lgj ge aljgxy `jm }kolx v`xoj}y*

?, Vxgvgy`cy egx yoiuxl}| lavxgoaoj}*

5, Xoco`j} ljl}l`}loy lavcoaoj}om }g }ìdco yoiuxl}| xlydy lj }ko uyo ge aghlco

vkgjoy h| aljgxy*

]ko vxgeoyylgj`cy `jm ljy}l}u}lgjy }k`} kò igcc`hgx`}om gj igjmui}ljb }ko y}um| `xocly}om hocgr>

0* Oalclg @iom Eco~* Movu}| Mlxoi}gx ge Xobly}x| ge Elcoy `jm @mlygx|* M`}`

Vxg}oi}lgj @boji| ge }ko Igaaujl}| ge A`mxlm*

8* A`juoc jboc @bulc`x Hocm`* Yoigjm Movu}| Gahumya`j*

9* @j}j @ccox Cvo~* Lj}oxjo} Ghyox`}gx| A`j`box* J`}lgj`c Igjyuaox Ljy}l}u}o*

=* @x`x}odg* Gelilj` mo c` Lje`jil` | c` @mgcoyiojil *

?* @j` H`ccoy}ox* Xoyo`xik jm Moocgvaoj}* Yèoc`|ox Yoiuxo Igaaujli`}lgjy*

5* N`lox I`y}occ`jgy I`c`hxy* Egujmox ge Oc Xljij moc U`bg* Gx`jbo*

2* Iklcm Gahumya`j egx }ko Igaaujl}| ge A`mxlm*

;* A jbocoy Oyvljgy` H`|`c* Aoahox ge }ko A`j`boaoj} Igaal}}oo ge }ko

_@A!_JLIOE _jloxyl}`x| Ljy}l}u}o egx }ko Joomy `jm Xlbk}y ge Iklcmxoj

+L_JML@,* @u}gjgaguy _jloxyl}| ge A`mxlm*


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0?* A Mgcgxoy Bgj~`cg ]gao|* Iggxmlj`}gx ge Vxgbxày Vc`jjljb Mlxoi}gx`}o lj

}ko Omui`}lgj A`j`boaoj} Geelio* Xom*oy*

05* I`xcgy Buxvobul Ulm`c* Iggxmlj`}gx ge }ko V`j}`cc`y Y`j`y vxgbxàao ge }kobgoxjaoj} ge @x`bj*

02* Xli`xmg Koxjjmo~ I`ccon`* ]oikjli`c Mlxoi}gx Lhoxl`* D`xyvoxyd| C`h*

0;* Dov` Vùc C`xx``b`* Ygilgcgbly}!xoyo`xikox* @cl`8 Egujm`}lgj

0


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8*9 Y}`bo 9> Yuxo|y gj eàlcloy +pu`j}l}`}lo xoyo`xik,

Egccgrljb }ko bulmocljoy c`lm h| LJ]OIG `jm GX@JBO# }ko igav`j| ]oioc# muxljb }ko

agj}ky ge Nuc| `jm @ubuy} 8600# i`xxlom gu} `j gvljlgj yuxo| }k`} igjyly}om ge ;66yuxo|y gj voxygjy `jm eàlcloy# h| igjmui}ljb }rg lj}oxlory lj oìk kgao> gjo rl}k

}ko aljgx `jm gjo rl}k }ko e`}kox# ag}kox gx cob`c bu`xml`j* Gjo ge }ko vglj}y ge lj}oxoy}

ge }ko y}um| cloy lj }ko `j`c|yly ge }ko mleeoxojioy lj }ko lorvglj} `jm o`cu`}lgj ge }ko

aljgxy rl}k xob`xm }g }ko v`xoj}y* ]koxoegxo# `jm bloj }k`} }koxo `xo ì}u`cc| }rg

yàvcoy# }ko xoyuc}y ge v`xoj}y `jm iklcmxoj kò hooj }`huc`}om yov`x`}oc|# yg }k`} }ko

xoyuc}y `xo vxglmom `y le }koxo roxo }rg mleeoxoj} y}umloy*

]ko a`xblj ge oxxgx ly =*< egx v1p16*? `jm rl}k ` igjelmojio cooc ge


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]ko yàvcoy moylbj ly h`yom gj x`jmga xgu}oy rl}k mly}xlhu}lgj ge lj}oxlory lj }ko

mleeoxoj} `xo`y ge }ko ikgyoj }grj yg }k`} `cc }ko ygilgmoagbx`vkli y}x`}` `xo

xovxoyoj}om*

]ko mly}xlhu}lgj ge lj}oxlory xoc`}ljb }g aljgxy `bo pug}`y k`y hooj i`xxlom gu} lj

vxgvgx}lgj }g }ko vgvuc`}lgj ge }kly `bo rl}k aghlco vkgjo +ìigxmljb }g }ko Yuxo| gj }ko

Opulvaoj} `jm _yo ge Ljegxa`}lgj `jm Igaaujli`}lgj ]oikjgcgbloy lj }ko kgao ge 8606

ge }ko Yv`jlyk J`}lgj`c Y}`}ly}liy Ljy}l}u}o, +LJO,* Lj gxmox }g `yylbj }ko pug}oy h|

vxgljio# 9? yuxo|y roxo oy}`hclykom egx oìk ge }koa `jm }ko xoa`ljljb gjoy roxo

mly}xlhu}om lj vxgvgx}lgj }g }ko vgvuc`}lgj ge iklcmxoj exga 06 }g 05 lj }koyo vxgljioy*

]ko moeljl}lo yàvco `vvclom lj }ko xoyo`xik r`y }ko egccgrljb>

]`hco 0> Yàvco mly}xlhu}lgj

Hg|y Blxcy]G]@C@bom

06 ! 08@bom

09 ! 0=@bom

0? ! 05@bom

06 ! 08@bom

09 ! 0=@bom

0? ! 05@y}uxl`y 2 ; < 5 ; ; =5

H`xiocgj` 5 2 08 < ; 2 =

Ljegxaom igjyoj}> rl}k }ko `la ge igavc|ljb rl}k }ko iklcmxoj vxg}oi}lgj coblyc`}lgj

`jm lj}oxj`}lgj`c bulmocljoy gj }ko xoyvoi} egx }kolx xlbk}y# `y rocc `y ghyoxljb }ko

IIL'OYGA@X lj}oxj`}lgj`c igmo# l} r`y xopuoy}om hg}k }ko ljegxaom igjyoj} ge

}ko cob`c bu`xml`jy `jm }ko aljgxy* @} }ko hobljjljb ge `cc }ko yuxo|y v`xoj}y

roxo ljegxaom# lj rxl}ljb# ge }ko igj}oj} ge }ko y}um| `jm }ko puoy}lgjj`lxo rklik

r`y }g ho `vvclom }g aljgxy* Gjio }ko `muc}y k`m bx`j}om }kolx igjyoj}# aljgxy

roxo ljegxaom `jm `ydom }g blo }kolx igjyoj}* ]kuy# `cc }ko iklcmxoj `jm`mgcoyioj}y }k`} kò v`x}lilv`}om lj }kly y}um| kò bloj }kolx igjyoj} lj rxl}ljb*



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Yov`x`}o lj}oxlor> lj gxmox }g `glm v`xoj}y lorvglj}y igjml}lgjljb }kolx

iklcmxojy `jyroxy +`jm lio oxy`, `j ù}kgxl~`}lgj r`y xopuoy}om }g igjmui} }ko

lj}oxlory rl}k }ko v`xoj}y `jm }ko iklcmxoj ljmllmu`cc|* @cc }ko yuxo|y roxo

i`xxlom gu} lj }kly r`|*

8*9*= Yàvcljb oxxgx

]ko cooc ge yàvcljb oxxgx egx oìk `bo `jm bojmox bxguv ge }ko aljgxy lj}oxlorom ly

ykgrj hocgr* ]ko i`ciuc`}lgj ge }ko yàvcljb oxxgx k`y hooj a`mo gj }ko `yyuav}lgj

}k`} v1p16*?# egx ` igjelmojio cooc g


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9 YGILGMOAGBX@VKLI IK@X@I]OXLY]LIY

]ko ygilgmoagbx`vkli `j`c|yly ge kgaoy rl}k iklcmxoj ly ` vxolguy y}ov }g ujmoxy}`jm}ko ojlxgjaoj} lj rklik }ko vxoyoj} y}um| ly ljicumom*

Lj }kly ik`v}ox ygilgmoagbx`vkli lyyuoy yuik `y bojmox `jm `bo ge v`xoj}y `jm }kolx

giiuv`}lgj `jm cooc ge omui`}lgj `xo mo`c} rl}k*

Lj bojox`c# }ko vxgelco ge yuxo|om kgaoy ly moeljom h| }ko egccgrljb eo`}uxoy> |gujb

v`xoj}y +55/ `bom ho}rooj 96 `jm ==,# oavcg|om +;6*9/, `jm rl}k ` xoa`xd`hc| cooc ge

omui`}lgj +=?*?/ k`y H`ii`c`uxo`}o# H_V# IG_ gx gi`}lgj`c }x`ljljb `jm 9=*0/ k`y `

ujloxyl}| mobxoo,* Xob`xmljb ljigao cooc# ? v`xoj}y

9*0*0 Bojmox `jm `bo

]ko yocoi}lgj ge }ko `muc} }g ho yuxo|om +e`}kox gx ag}kox,# r`y x`jmgac| voxegxaom#

}x|ljb }g lmoj}le| }ko gjo rkg o{oxilyoy }ko mu}| ge igj}xgccljb `jm vxg}oi}ljb }ko iklcmxoj

rkoj uyljb ` aghlco vkgjo* Egccgrljb }koyo bulmocljoy# }koxo roxo agxo ag}koxy

+56*8/, }k`j e`}koxy +9


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9*8 Aljgxy

]ko bojmox `jm `bo y}xui}uxo ge yuxo|om aljgxy igxxoyvgjm }g }ko yàvcljb moylbj

}`doj lj}g ìiguj} egx }ko xoyo`xik +yoo yoi}lgj 8*9*8 Yàvco yl~o `jm mly}xlhu}lgj,*

]koxoegxo# l} mgoy jg} igxxoyvgjm }g }ko mly}xlhu}lgj ge }ko Yv`jlyk vgvuc`}lgj `bom exga

06 }g 05# bloj }k`} ` jgj!vxgvgx}lgj`c mly}xlhu}lgj k`y hooj i`xxlom gu} lj oìk vxgljio

lj gxmox }g bo} agxo h`c`jiom a`xbljy ge oxxgx*

Xob`xmljb }ko `bo y}xui}uxo ge yuxo|om aljgxy# 82*;/ `xo `bom ho}rooj 06 `jm 08#

99/ ho}rooj 09 `jm 0= `jm }ko xoa`ljljb 9


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= YA@X]VKGJOY @AGJB @M_C]Y

=*0 Ya`x}vkgjoy vojo}x`}lgj lj Yv`lj* Igav`xlygj rl}k g}kox iguj}xloy@`lc`hco m`}` exga }ko Yv`jlyk Ya`x}vkgjo a`xdo} ykgr ` cooc ge uyo icgyo }g =6/*

igaYigxo }`cdy ge 92*5/ ge aghlco vkgjo uyoxy `bom gox 09 k`ljb ` ya`x}vkgjo +m`}`

exga Moioahox 8606# rkoj }koxo roxo agxo }k`j 09 alcclgj ge yuhyixlhoxy }g

ya`x}vkgjoy,2* Lj }ko yào cljo# Jlocyoj y}`jmy }ko vxgvgx}lgj ge Yv`jlyk |gujb vogvco

`bom 0?!8= uyoxy ge aghlco vkgjoy `jm rkg kò ` ya`x}vkgjo lj }ko elxy} k`ce ge 8606;

`} 9;/*

@} }ko lj}oxj`}lgj`c cooc# Yv`lj ly gjo ge }ko iguj}xloy rkoxo }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy ly

agxo rlmoyvxo`m àgjb }ko vgvuc`}lgj* Lj }kly xob`xm# Bx`vk 0 ykgry }ko ogcu}lgj geya`x}vkgjoy vojo}x`}lgj lj Yv`lj# _D `jm _Y ho}rooj 866< `jm 8606* Yv`lj ly# gu} ge

}ko iguj}xloy `j`c|yom h| igaYigxo# }ko iguj}x| rkoxo }koxo k`y hooj ` bxo`}ox

vojo}x`}lgj gox }ko c`y} }rg |o`xy*

Bx`vk 0> Iguj}x| `mgv}lgj ge ya`x}vkgjo àgjb aghlco vkgjo uyoxy +/,

82*9/80*6/

05*;/

92*5/9=*9/

82*6/

6/

06/

86/

96/

=6/

?6/

56/

26/

;6/

igaYigxo

2 igaYigxo +8600,* ]ko 8606 Aghlco \o`x lj Xolor Ouxgvo* Ouxgvo`j m`}` h`yom gj ljegxa`}lgj exga _D# Ex`jio#Boxa`j|# L}`c| `jm Yv`lj* Xovgx} ``lc`hco `}>k}}v>''rrr*igayigxo*iga'oyc'VxoyyWOoj}y'Vxoyoj}`}lgjyWRkl}ov`voxy'8600']koW8606WAghlcoW\o`xWljWXolorW!

WOuxgvo*

;]ko Jlocyoj Igav`j| +8606,* Aghlco |gu}k xgujm }ko rgxcm* Xovgx} ``lc`hco `}>k}}v>''rrr*jlocyoj*iga'uy'oj'ljylbk}y'xovgx}y!mgrjcg`my'8606'aghlco!|gu}k!`xgujm!}ko!rgxcm*k}ac
http://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2010/mobile-youth-around-the-world.htmlhttp://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2010/mobile-youth-around-the-world.htmlhttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europe


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]koyo jg}oy hxg`mc| moyixlho }ko bojox`c igj}o{} ge uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy lj Yv`lj> }koxo ly

`j ljixo`yljb vxoeoxojio egx }kly dljm ge }oikjgcgbli`cc| m`jiom molioy*

Gjio }ko yioj`xlg ly moeljom# }ko bxguv a`mo ge }ko `muc}y `j`c|yom +v`xoj}y geya`x}vkgjo uyoxy `bom ujmox 06!05, ly y}umlom lj mov}k* @cagy} `cc ge }ko `muc}y vgccom

+ ]x`ml}lgj`c aghlco vkgjo gx ya`x}vkgjo ``lc`hlcl}| h| v`xoj}y +/,

=;*6/

?6*6/

8*6/

Ya x}vkgjo ]x`ml}lgj`c aghlco vkgjo Jg aghl co vkgjo

H`yly> v`xoj}y +j1=66, Yguxio> LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

=*8 _yom yoxlioy@agjb }ko agy} uyom yoxlioy h| `muc}y `xo glio i`ccy +


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Bx`vk 9> V`xoj}y aghlco vkgjo uyoy +/,


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]`hco 9> V`xoj}y aghlco vkgjo uyoy movojmljb gj }ko }|vo ge molio +ya`x}vkgjo gx}x`ml}lgj`c aghlco vkgjo, +/,

_yoy Ya`x}vkgjo]x`ml}lgj`c

aghlco vkgjoUglio i`ccy


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]`hco => V`xoj}y aghlco vkgjo uyoy movojmljb gj bojmox +/,

_yoy Aoj RgaojUglio i`ccy


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Bx`vk => Dljmy ge `vvcli`}lgjy uyom h| v`xoj}y +}g}`c m`}` `jm movojmljb gj bojmox, +/,

59*?/

?5*9/

?=*8/

?6*?/

=;*=/

=?*;/

=8*2/

5=*6/

58*


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? YA@X]VKGJOY @AGJB ALJGXY

?*0 Ya`x}vkgjoy vojo}x`}lgj àgjb Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj `bom 06 }g 05Yg e`x# l} k`y jg} hooj lmoj}lelom geelil`c m`}` gj }ko ya`x}vkgjoy vojo}x`}lgj lj aljgxy

`bom 06!05 lj Yv`lj jgx gj }ko uyo iklcmxoj `jm `mgcoyioj}y a`do ge l}y euji}lgj`cl}|*

Ykgucm ro `yyuao }k`} }ko `mgv}lgj cooc ge ya`x}vkgjoy àgjb iklcmxoj `jm

`mgcoyioj}y egccgry }ko yào v`}}oxj }k`j }k`} ge }ko `muc}y gx# gj }ko igj}x`x|# `xo ro

eìljb ` yvoileli `bo x`jbo rkgyo ya`x}vkgjo uy`bo v`}}oxjy `xo mleeoxoj} +bxo`}ox gx

coyyox, }g }kgyo ge }ko `muc}y7 ]ko vxo`lcljb lor àgjb o{vox}y v`x}lilv`}ljb lj }ko y}um|

ly }k`} }ko }xojm ly opul`coj} àgjb aljgxy `jm `muc}y*

Eux}koxagxo# exga }ko o{ly}ljb m`}` egx }ko _Y a`xdo} l} i`j ho igjicumom }k`}# lj }k`}iguj}x|# }ko cooc ge `mgv}lgj ge ya`x}vkgjoy àgjb aljgxy ly `xgujm }ko yào elbuxoy

}k`j lj }ko `muc} x`jbo*

]koxoegxo# }ko V`xoj}!]ooj Lj}oxjo} Yèo}| Xovgx} y}`}oy }k`} 8''rrr*bel*iga'v`xoj}!}ooj!lj}oxjo}!

yèo}|!xovgx}*06igaYigxo +8600,* ]ko 8606 Aghlco \o`x lj Xolor Ouxgvo* Xovgx} ``lc`hco `}>k}}v>''rrr*igayigxo*iga'oyc'VxoyyWOoj}y'Vxoyoj}`}lgjyWRkl}ov`voxy'8600']koW8606WAghlcoW\o`xWljWXolorW!

WOuxgvo*

00]ko Jlocyoj Igav`j| +8606,* Aghlco |gu}k xgujm }ko rgxcm* Xovgx} ``lc`hco `}>k}}v>''rrr*jlocyoj*iga'uy'oj'ljylbk}y'xovgx}y!mgrjcg`my'8606'aghlco!|gu}k!`xgujm!}ko!rgxcm*k}ac

08 @iigxmljb }g }ko yguxio ge ljegxa`}lgj `jm }ko yàvco igjylmoxom# elbuxoy ``lc`hco egx 8606 ykgr }k`}>

92*5/ àgjb uyoxy `bom gox 09 +Yguxio> igaYigxo +8600,* ]ko 8606 Aghlco \o`x lj Xolor Ouxgvo* Xovgx}

``lc`hco `}>

k}}v>''rrr*igayigxo*iga'oyc'VxoyyWOoj}y'Vxoyoj}`}lgjyWRkl}ov`voxy'8600']koW8606WAghlcoW\o`xWljWXolo

rW!WOuxgvo*,

9;/ àgjb uyoxy `bom 0?!8= +Yguxio> ]ko Jlocyoj Igav`j| +8606,* Aghlco |gu}k `xgujm }ko rgxcm* * Xovgx}``lc`hco `}> k}}v>''rrr*jlocyoj*iga'uy'oj'ljylbk}y'xovgx}y!mgrjcg`my'8606'aghlco!|gu}k!`xgujm!}ko!rgxcm*k}ac,
http://www.gfi.com/parent-teen-internet-safety-reporthttp://www.gfi.com/parent-teen-internet-safety-reporthttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2010/mobile-youth-around-the-world.htmlhttp://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2010/mobile-youth-around-the-world.htmlhttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2010/mobile-youth-around-the-world.htmlhttp://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2010/mobile-youth-around-the-world.htmlhttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports-downloads/2010/mobile-youth-around-the-world.htmlhttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.comscore.com/esl/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_2010_Mobile_Year_in_Review_-_Europehttp://www.gfi.com/parent-teen-internet-safety-reporthttp://www.gfi.com/parent-teen-internet-safety-report


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g}kox rgxmy# 92/ gu} ge 55*2/ ge }ko iklcmxoj lj }k`} `bo x`jbo rkg kò ` aghlco vkgjo

lj Yv`lj# ìigxmljb }g LJO m`}` egx 8606,*

]kly ly ` ox| igjyox`}lo oy}la`}lgj# yljio l} ly i`ciuc`}om h`yom gj }ko c`y} ``lc`hcoelbuxoy# xob`xmljb 8606* L} ly }g ho o{voi}om }k`} ya`x}vkgjoy vojo}x`}lgj elbuxoy lj 8600

rlcc ylbjleli`j}c| o{ioom }ko igjylmoxom 92/*

?*8 @iioyy }g ya`x}vkgjoy h| aljgxy

?*8*0 Y}`x}ljb `bo

Aljgxy rkg iuxxoj}c| kò ` ya`x}vkgjo kò ìioyyom }kolx elxy} aghlco vkgjo +jg}

joioyy`xlc| ya`x}vkgjo, `} 00 |o`xy gcm +gj òx`bo# 00*8 |o`xy gcm# `y ykgrj lj }ko

bx`vk,* Exga `j ogcu}lgj`x| vglj} ge lor# }ko yl}u`}lgj ly e`lxc| y}`hco# `y lj 8606 aljgxy`cyg ìpulxom }kolx elxy} aghlco vkgjo ho}rooj 06 `jm 08 |o`xy gcm*

Xob`xmljb }ko òx`bo `bo egx ìioyyljb ya`x}vkgjoy ly 09 |o`xy gcm iuxxoj}c|*

]ko `j`c|yly h| `bo x`jbo ykgry ygao lj}oxoy}ljb lyyuoy>

Elxy}c|# l} yooay }g ho igjelxaom `j o`xclox ìioyy }g aghlco vkgjoy* ]kuy#

}ooj`boxy rkg `} vxoyoj} `xo ho}rooj 06 `jm 08 |o`xy gcm k`m }kolx elxy} aghlco

vkgjo rkoj }ko| roxo yclbk}c| gox 06 |o`xy gcm +06*9 gj òx`bo,# rklco lj }ko

`bo x`jbo 09!0= }ko| mlm jg} kò gjo uj}lc }ko| roxo gox 00 +00*8, `jm }kgyorkg jgr `xo 0?!05 |o`xy gcm k`m `cagy} 08 +00*< gj òx`bo, rkoj }ko| k`m `

aghlco vkgjo egx }ko elxy} }lao*

Yoigjmc|# }ko jgoc}| ge ya`x}vkgjoy a`doy }ko |gujboy} }g ìioyy }ko aghlco

vkgjo yoi}gx }kxgubk ` ya`x}vkgjo* Iklcmxoj `bom 06!08 kò }kolx elxy}

ya`x}vkgjo `} 00 gj òx`bo# rklco }kgyo rkg jgr `xo 09!0= k`m }g r`l} uj}lc

}ko| roxo 09# `jm ooj uj}lc 0=*? lj }ko i`yo ge `mgcoyioj}y `bom 0?!05*

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo 9< ge 096


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Bx`vk 5> @ox`bo `bo ge ìpulyl}lgj ge }ko elxy} aghlco vkgjo `jm ya`x}vkgjo h| }ko aljgxìigxmljb }g iuxxoj} `bo +/,

00*8

06*900*8

00* aljgxy +j1=66, Yguxio> LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

?*8*8 Hu|ljb moilylgj `jm xgco ge v`xoj}y lj }ko moilylgj

Lj =8*9/ ge }ko i`yoy aljgx gh}`lj }kolx ya`x}vkgjo hoiùyo }ko| `yd }kolx v`xoj}y egx l}#

`jm }kgyo c`}}ox `bxoo }g hu| l} egx }koa* Lj `mml}lgj# gj 09*?/ ge gii`ylgjy v`xoj}y hu| l}rl}kgu} }ko aljgx k`ljb `ydom }koa }g mg yg*

Agxogox# gj =0/ ge }ko i`yoy }ko aljgx gh}`ljy }kolx elxy} ya`x}vkgjo h| ljkoxl}`jio gx

`y ` vxoyoj} exga ygaogjo ocyo gx exga }ko }ocovkgjo gvox`}gx* Gjc| 9/ ge aljgxy gh}`lj

}kolx elxy} ya`x}vkgjo h| hu|ljb l} }koayocoy*

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo =6 ge 096


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Bx`vk 2> Aljgxy r`| }g gh}`lj ` ya`x}vkgjo +/,

=0#6/

=8#9/

09#?/

9#6/ 6#8/

H| koxl}`jio gx `y ` vxoyoj} +exga g}koxy gx exga }ko gvox`}gx,Ro hgubk} l} hoi uyo }ko| `ydom uy }g mg ygRo hgubk} l} rl}kgu} }koa `ydljb uy }g mg yg]ko| hgubk} l}MD'J@


Hg}k v`xoj}y `jm iklcmxoj `bxoo }k`}# }g ` bxo`}ox o{}oj}# }ko aljgx ikgyo }ko yvoileli

ya`x}vkgjo agmoc4 `y vglj}om gu} h| ?6*?/ ge v`xoj}y `jm =


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Bx`vk ;> Aljgxy yocoi}lgj ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo agmoc +/,

= LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

@y àgjb `muc}y# `vvy `xo }ko a`lj eì}gx hokljm }ko aljgxy yocoi}lgj ge ` ya`x}vkgjo*

]kuy# =9*=/ ge }ko vgccom iklcmxoj `jm `mgcoyioj}y `mal} }k`} }ko ``lc`hco `vvy hxgubk}

}koa }g ikggyo ` ya`x}vkgjo*

Yoigjmc|# ujcldo ag}l`}lgjy co`mljb `muc}y# egx 96*9/ ge }ko aljgxy }ko }xojm `jm l}y

vgvuc`xl}| agjb }kolx exlojmy hoigao agxo lavgx}`j}*

]ko }klxm eì}gx k`ljb ` bxo`}ox ljecuojio lj }ko ocoi}lgj ge ` ya`x}vkgjo ly l}y moylbj#

`yvoi} xob`xmom `y }ko agy} xoco`j} h| 06*0/ ge aljgxy*

Ygao mleeoxojioy lj }ko exopuoji| ge }koyo eì}gxy i`j ho ghyoxom ìigxmljb }g }ko

bojmox* ]ko `vvcli`}lgjy geeoxom h| }ko ya`x}vkgjo `xo agxo lavgx}`j} egx hg|y +=?*=/,

}k`j egx blxcy +=0*0/,* Gj }ko igj}x`x|# }ko }xojm| gx exlojmy eì}gxy `xo agxo lavgx}`j} egx

blxcy +90*0/, }k`j egx hg|y +8


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Bx`vk A`lj ag}l`}lgj }`doj lj}g ìiguj} h| aljgxy rkoj moilmljb }g hu| ` ya`x}vkgjo+/,

=9*=/

96*9/

06*0/

5*0/

?*0/

6*?/

6*?/

6*?/

6/ 06/ 86/ 96/ =6/ ?6/ 56/

L}y vvcli`}lgjy

L} ly }xojm| gx a| exlojmy kò gjo

L}y moylbj

L}y vxlio

L}y yixooj

L}y iàox`

L}y igjojlojio +cgjbox!c`y}ljb h`}}ox|# yl~o#o}i*,

]ko ykgv `yyly}`j} `mlioy

H`yly> aljgxy rkg ikgyo }ko }oxalj`c +j10 LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

?*9 _yo+y, }ko| a`do ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo

]ko eì} ge k`ljb molioy }k`}# xob`xmljb eo`}uxoy# igjoxbo rl}k ya`cc igavu}oxy# `ccgr}ko aghlco vkgjo h`yliy+glio gx alyyom i`ccy gx yojmljb }o{} aoyy`boy, }g igahljo rl}k

g}kox `m`jiom yoxlioy> ìioyy }g aghlco Lj}oxjo}# bàoy `jm `vvy mgrjcg`m# ljy}`j}

aoyy`bljb# o}i*

]ko egccgrljb ko`mljby `j`c|yo lj bxo`}ox mov}k }ko uyoy Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj `jm

`mgcoyioj}y a`do ge }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy*

?*9*0 _yom yoxlioy

Aljgxy uyo }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy egx bojox`c }`ydy cldo a`dljb glio i`ccy +


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99*;/ yo`xik gj }ko Jo} egx omui`}lgj`c yuvvgx}* Lj bojox`c# egx oìk ge }koyo uyoy#

v`xoj}y }ojm }g ujmoxoy}la`}o }ko cooc ge `mgv}lgj h| }kolx iklcmxoj*

]`hco ?> Ya`x}vkgjo uyoy a`mo h| aljgxy* Igav`xlygj ho}rooj aljgxy `jm v`xoj}yy}`}oaoj}y +/,

_yoy Aljgxy V`xoj}y

Uglio i`ccy LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

@j lj}oxoy}ljb lyyuo rklco `j`c|yljb }ko ya`x}vkgjo yoxlioy uyom h| aljgxy ly }ko uy`bo

xob`xmljb }ko bojox`}lgj `jm mlyyoalj`}lgj ge igj}oj}y* Iuxxoj} molioy# rl}k klbk

xoygcu}lgj iàox`y `jm klbk ùmlg!lyu`c vgyylhlcl}loy# eìlcl}`}o }ko ya`x}vkgjo uyo jg}

gjc| egx }`dljb vli}uxoy +;8*9/, gx a`dljb lmogy +?5*?/, hu} `cyg egx yojmljb }koyo

igj}oj}y }g g}koxy +=;/ `jm 82*9/ xoyvoi}loc|,# `jm ooj egx vgy}ljb }koa gj }ko

Lj}oxjo} +88*9/ `jm 00*?/,*

L} ly ` v`x}liuc`xc| yojyl}lo lyyuo# }g }ko o{}oj} }k`} l} i`j ljgco }ko mlyyoalj`}lgj ge

voxygj`c m`}` +ge }ko aljgx gx g}kox voxygj, `jm }koxoegxo ho ` }kxo`} }g vxlì|* Lj

ik`v}ox 5 Xlydy lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy# rklco `j`c|yljb }kxo`}y lj }ko uyo ge

ya`x}vkgjoy# yvoil`c `}}oj}lgj yk`cc ho v`lm }g }kly `yvoi}*

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo == ge 096


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@b`lj# `cyg lj xoyvoi} ge }koyo uyoy xob`xmljb bojox`}lgj `jm mlyyoalj`}lgj ge igj}oj}y

h| }ko dlmy# v`xoj}y igjylmox l}y uyo cgrox }k`j }ko uyo aljgxy xoigbjlyo }g a`do +o{iov}

}`dljb vli}uxoy# rkoxo hg}k gvljlgjy igjoxbo,*

@j ogcu}lgj`x| `j`c|yly ho}rooj 8606 `jm 8600 ly i`xxlom gu} hocgr* Rkoj lj}oxvxo}ljb

}ko xoyuc}y# l} ly lavgx}`j} }g }`do lj}g `iiguj} }k`} 8606 m`}` xoeox }g bojox`c aghlco

vkgjo uyoxy `jm }k`} 8600 m`}` yvoileli`cc| egiuy gj ya`x}vkgjo uyoxy*

]`hco 5> Ogcu}lgj ge }ko aghlco vkgjo'ya`x}vkgjo uyoy moic`xom h| aljgxy +/,

_yoy 8606 8600 Ogcu}lgj

Uglio i`ccy


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?*9*8 _yo rl}k g}koxy

Iklcmxoj `jm `mgcoyioj}y a`ljc| uyo }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy `cgjo +;6*9/,# `c}kgubk 0


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Bx`vk 00> Ya`x}vkgjo uyo a`mo h| aljgxy rl}k g}koxy ìigxmljb }g `bo +/,

;8*6/

0;*6/

;8*5/

05*2/

22*0/

88*9/

6/ 86/ =6/ 56/ ;6/ 066/

Vxljilv`caoj}o cg uy` `ygc`y_yo l} a`ljc| cgjo

_yo l} a`ljc| rl}k g}koxy

@bom 06 ! 08 @bom 09 ! 0= @bom 0? ! 05

H`yly> aljgxy +j1=66, Yguxio> LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

]ko egccgrljb bx`vk `j`c|yoy rklik yvoileli uyoy aljgxy y`| }ko| a`do rl}k g}koxy* Jg}o

}k`} }koyo `xo m`}` i`ciuc`}om gj ` ox| ya`cc h`yly +2< aljgxy rkg y`| }ko| uyo }kolx

ya`x}vkgjo a`ljc| rl}k g}koxy, `jm# }koxoegxo# yàvcljb oxxgxy yg`x* Kgroox# `y `

bulmocljo# ro i`j y}`}o }k`}# àgjb }ooj`boxy rkg uyo }kolx ya`x}vkgjo rl}k g}koxy#

}kgyo uyoy xoc`}om }g }`dljb vli}uxoy `jm ìioyyljb ygil`c jo}rgxdy `xo ge v`x}liuc`x

xoco`jio*

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo =2 ge 096


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Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo =; ge 096

Bx`vk 08> Ya`x}vkgjo uyoy a`mo h| aljgxy rl}k g}koxy +/,

==*9/

95*2/

98* aljgxy rkg uyo }kolx ya`x}vkgjo rl}k g}koxy +j12 LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

?*9*9 @vvcli`}lgjy mgrjcg`mljb `jm ygil`c jo}rgxdy uyo

@vvcli`}lgjy +`vvy, `xo ya`cc vloioy ge yge}r`xo geeoxljb igj}oj}y# bàoy gx yvoileli

u}lcl}loy rl}k gx rl}kgu} igjjoi}lgj }g }ko Lj}oxjo}*

]ko Ghyox`}gxlg mo }ojmojil`y Jgdl` +Jgdl` ]xojmy Ghyox`}gx|,# lj l}y xovgx} Cgy

nojoy# cgy alcoy | c` }oijgcgb` +Aghlco vkgjoy# |gujb vogvco `jm }oikjgcgb|,#

y}umloy lj mov}k }ko uyo |gujb vogvco `bom 0?!9? a`do ge }ko `vvcli`}lgjy# xoigbjlyljb

}koyo c`}}ox bojox`}o lj}oxoy} `jm oj}kuyl`ya# `jm }k`} }ko| `xo hoigaljb gjo ge }ko agy}lavgx}`j} xo`ygjy egx hu|ljb ` ya`x}vkgjo09*

Agxo }k`j k`ce ge }ko aljgxy uyo oj}ox}`ljaoj}# ygil`c jo}rgxdy `jm igaaujli`}lgj `vvy

lj }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy* @agjb }koa# }ko agy} exopuoj} `xo }kgyo ge oj}ox}`ljaoj} +bàoy#

auyli# lmogy# iljoa`# ]U# o}i*,# uyom h| 5k}}v>''rrr*igjoi}`xi*iga'@x}liucgy/86|/86Oy}umlgy'Klbkclbk}y/862/H@/86Ghyox`}gxlg/86Elj`c*vme*
http://www.conectarc.com/Articulos%20y%20Estudios/Highlights%207%BA%20Observatorio%20Final.pdfhttp://www.conectarc.com/Articulos%20y%20Estudios/Highlights%207%BA%20Observatorio%20Final.pdf


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Yoigjmc|# l} ly jg}orgx}k| }k`} 5=/ ge }ko aljgxy y`| }ko| uyo ygil`c jo}rgxdy `vvy#

egccgrom h| }kgyo ge igaaujli`}lgj gx aoyy`bljb cldo Aoyyojbox# Rk`}y`vv# Yd|vo#

o}i*# uyom h| ?=*?/ ge }ko aljgxy*

Oj}ox}`ljaoj} `jm oa`lc `vvy `xo `cyg b`ljljb ` xoa`xd`hco ìiov}`jio àgjb Yv`jlyk

aljgxy += @vvcli`}lgjy uyom h| aljgxy lj }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy +/,

5 LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

Lj }ko `j`c|yly h| bojmox# l} ly lj}oxoy}ljb }g xo`cl~o }k`} `cc `vvy +rl}k }ko ygco o{iov}lgj ge

}ko oa`lc `vvy, `xo a`ljc| uyom h| hg|y x`}kox }k`j h| blxcy* L} yooay }k`} hg|y `xo agxo

lj}ojylo uyoxy ge }kly dljm ge `vvy# `y }ko egccgrljb bx`vk igjelxay*

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo =< ge 096


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Bx`vk 0=> @vvcli`}lgjy uyom h| aljgxy lj }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy `iigxmljb }g bojmox +/,

26*6/

5?*6/

?5*8/

=


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Bx`vk 0?> @vvcli`}lgjy uyom h| aljgxy lj }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy `iigxmljb }g `bo +/,

9


52/130

Bx`vk 05> Ygil`c jo}rgxd uyoy a`mo h| aljgxy exga }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy# }g}`c `jm `iigxmljb}g bojmox +/,


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?*9*= Ljgcoaoj} ge v`xoj}y

Rklco `j`c|yljb }ko yoxlioy uyom h| aljgxy# l} r`y igjicumom }k`} v`xoj}y k`m ` bojox`c

djgrcombo ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo uyoy a`mo h| }kolx iklcmxoj +`c}kgubk# }ko| }ojmom }g

ujmoxoy}la`}o }ko yvoileli cooc ge uyo ge ygao yoxlioy,*

Gj }ko puoy}lgj ge Lj bojox`c# rgucm |gu y`| |gu djgr }ko uyo |gux iklcmxoj a`do ge

}kolx ya`x}vkgjo7 ;9*?/ `jyrox |oy* Gjc| 00/ y`| }ko| mg jg} djgr }ko uyo }kolx

iklcmxoj a`do ge }kolx ya`x}vkgjo# `jm `j `mml}lgj`c ?*?/ mg jg} vgyl}lgj }koayocoy gj

}ko yuhnoi}*

Bx`vk 0;> V`xoj}y djgrcombo ge }ko uyo }kolx iklcmxoj a`do ge }kolx ya`x}vkgjoy +/,

;9*?/

00*6/

?*?/

\oy Jg MJ'J@

H`yo> v`xoj}y +j1=66, Yguxio> LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

?;/ ge }ko v`xoj}y vglj} gu} }k`}# ìigxmljb }g }ko ljegxa`}lgj }ko| roxo bloj h| }kolx

iklcmxoj# }koyo c`}}ox j`lb`}o rl}k }kolx molio }g ho lj igj}ì} rl}k }kolx exlojmy*

Agxogox# =0*;/ y`| }kolx iklcmxoj j`lb`}o }g ho oj}ox}`ljom# rklco gjc| 0=/ mg l} }gyood ljegxa`}lgj*

Igaaujli`}lgj gx ygil`c igj}ì}# colyuxo `jm yoodljb ljegxa`}lgj `xo# lj }kly gxmox `jm

`cr`|y exga }ko vglj} ge lor ge v`xoj}y# }ko a`lj ag}l`}lgjy lj aljgxy rklco yuxeljb rl}k

}kolx ya`x}vkgjo*

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo ?9 ge 096


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Bx`vk 0 _yo a`mo h| aljgxy rklco yuxeljb rl}k }kolx ya`x}vkgjo +v`xoj}y y}`}oaoj}y, +/,

?;*6/

=0*;/

0=*6/

6/ 86/ =6/ 56/ ;6/ 066/

Yuxey }g ho lj igj}ì} rl}k exlojmy

Yuxey }g ho oj}ox}`ljom

Yuxey }g yood ljegxa`}lgj


?*= Igjyuav}lgj

?*=*0 Igjyuav}lgj ao}kgm

@iigxmljb }g }ko ljegxa`}lgj vxglmom h| }ko v`xoj}y# }ko igjyuav}lgj ao}kgm lj ?=*?/ge }ko i`yoy ly ` vgy}!v`lm igj}xì}# rklco =?*9/ igxxoyvgjm }g }ko vxo!v`lm ao}kgm*

Vxo!v`lm ao}kgm ly }ko agy} igaagj àgjb }ko cgroy} `bo x`jbo# a`dljb r`| egx }ko

igj}xì} ao}kgm `y }ko| bo} gcmox* Lj }kly r`|# àgjb aljgxy `bom 06!08 }ko vxo!v`lm

gv}lgj vxo`lcy +??*2/,# hu} àgjb }kgyo `bom 09!0= }ko igj}xì} gv}lgj ly a`ngxl}|

+??*9/,# xoìkljb uv }g 58*=/ àgjb `mgcoyioj}y `bom 0?!05*

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo ?= ge 096


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Bx`vk 86> V`|aoj} ao}kgm egx }ko aljgxy ya`x}vkgjo# }g}`c `jm `iigxmljb }g }kolx `bo+v`xoj}y y}`}oaoj}y, +/,

=?*9/

?=*?/

?2*2/

=8*9/

=9* LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

?*=*8 Rkg k`y }ko xoyvgjylhlcl}| egx v`|aoj}

A`ljc| v`xoj}y k`o }ko xoyvgjylhlcl}| egx }ko v`|aoj} ge }kolx iklcmxoj }ocovkgjo hlcc* Lj

;?*9/ ge }ko i`yoy v`xoj}y mlxoi}c| `yyuao v`|aoj} egx }ko }ocovkgjo yoxlio uyom h|}kolx iklcmxoj# rklco 00*;/ y`| }kolx iklcmxoj v`| }kolx grj }ocovkgjo hlcc rl}k }kolx vgido}

agjo|*

@cyg lj }kly i`yo# }ko iklcmy `bo k`y `j ljecuojio lj mo}oxaljljb }ko v`|ox* Ljmoom# }koxo

ly `j ogcu}lgj ge xoyvgjylhlcl}|# holjb bx`mu`cc| `yyuaom h| aljgxy `y }ko| bxgr uv*

Lj }kly r`|#


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Bx`vk 80> Xoyvgjylhlcl}| egx v`|aoj} ge aljgxy ya`x}vkgjo hlcc# }g}`c `jm `iigxmljb }g }kolx`bo +v`xoj}y y}`}oaoj}y, +/,

;?*9/

00*;/


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Bx`vk 88> A`lj vcìoy ge uyo ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo h| aljgxy +/,

=9*2/

9;*8/

08*9/

9*9/

0*?/

0*6/

Gj }ko y}xoo} +agljb exga gjo vcìo }g `jg}kox,@} kgaoGj oj}ox} ljaoj} vcìoy +ykgvvljb ioj}xo# o}i*,@} yikggc'klbk yikggcG}koxy

H`yo> aljgxy +j1=66, Yguxio> LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

\gujby}oxy uyo }ko agaoj}y ge agxo yv`xo }lao }g ojng| }kolx ya`x}vkgjo> ?6*?/ ge

aljgxy y`| }ko| uyo l} agxo ge}oj gj }ko roodojm `jm 0?*;/ gj kgclm`|y* Kgroox#

8;*9/ ge }ko aljgxy y`| }ko| a`ljc| uyo l} gj roodm`|y*

Hg}k blxcy `jm hg|y uyo l} agxo gj }ko roodojm# agxo hg|y +?9*?/, }k`j blxcy +=2/,* Gj

}ko igj}x`x|# blxcy yooa }g ho agxo ì}lo gj roodm`|y }k`j hg|y +99*


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Bx`vk 89> A`lj agaoj}y ge uyo ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo h| aljgxy +/,

8;*8/

?6*?/

0?*2/

=*;/ 6*;/

Gj roodm`|y @} }ko roodojm Muxljb kgclm`|y G}koxy MJ'J@


Y}um| gj y`eo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo ?; ge 096


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5 XLYDY LJ ]KO _YO GE YA@X]VKGJOY

]ko bxo`} igjjoi}ll}| gv}lgjy `jm }ko `m`jiom eo`}uxoy ge molioy }k`} `xo hoigaljbicgyox `jm icgyox }g ya`cc voxygj`c igavu}oxy kò# lj igj}x`y}# }ko o{ly}ojio ge xlydy*

]gbo}kox rl}k }ko vgyylhlcl}| ge ixo`}ljb `jm y}gxljb ùmlglyu`c a`}oxl`c ro eljm }ko

ljixo`yo ge }ko ilxiuc }lgj `jm vuhcli`}lgj ge vli}uxoy gx lmogy# }kuy `ccgrljb voxygj`c

ljegxa`}lgj# `y l} ly }ko i`yo ge ` aljgxy vli}uxo# }g o`ylc| igao gu} ge }ko vxl`}o yvkoxo*

@ e`y} Lj}oxjo} igjjoi}lgj `jm `j `blco yuxeljb i`j eìlcl}`}o# lj v`x`ccoc# aljgxy o{vgyuxo

}g lj`vvxgvxl`}o igj}oj}y# `y rocc `y }g lxuy `jm `j| g}kox dljm ge a`cr`xo }k`} a`|

`}}ìd }ko molio*

Eux}koxagxo# }ko c`xbo juahox ge euji}lgj`cl}loy `jm oj}ox}`ljaoj}y ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo#

v`x}l`cc| muo }g }ko o{ly}ojio ge `vvcli`}lgjy `jm bàoy# i`j kò igjyopuojioy egx `j

o{ioyylo uyo ge }ko }oxalj`c h| aljgxy `jm ooj }oikjgcgbli`c `mmli}lgj*

Egx }ko vuxvgyoy ge }ko y}um|# }ko xlydy kò hooj y|y}oa`}lyom `xgujm }ko egccgrljb

a`}}oxy>

O{ioyylo uyo*

Aghlco vkgjo mmli}lgj*

]kxo`}y }g aljgxy vxlì|*

@iioyy }g lj`vvxgvxl`}o igj}oj}y*

Bxggaljb gx k`x`yyaoj} h| `muc}y }g aljgxy rl}k ol}kox o{vclil} gx lavclil} yo{u`c

lj}oj}lgj*

Yo{}ljb*

I|hoxhucc|ljb gx k`x`yyaoj} agjb aljgxy }kxgubk }ocoa`}li ao`jy* *

Oigjgali xlyd jm'gx exùm*

]oikjli`c xlydy*

]ko o{ly}ojio ge }kxo`}y rkoj uyljb ya`x} molioy ly ` xo`cl}| `jm }koxoegxo xopulxoy

xlbgxguy `j`c|yly* ]ko `vvxgìk ge }ko ù}kgxy ge }kly y}um| y}`x}y exga }ko joom ge `j

ghnoi}lo `jm xo`cly}li `r`xojoyy ge }ko xlydy lj gxmox }g xoigbjlyo `jm elbk} }koa*

Omui`}lgj vc`|y ` do| xgco* LJ]OIG `jm Gx`jbo gv} egx ` xoyvgjylhlcl}| rkoj uyljbya`x}vkgjoy `jm egx `j `r`xojoyy ge }ko vg}oj}l`c xlydy `y }ko h`yly egx }ko o{vcgl}`}lgj

ge }ko hojoel}y }ko yoxlioy `jm euji}lgj`cl}loy ge }kly }oikjgcgb| vxglmo aljgxy*

Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo ?< ge 096


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]ko jor xlydy ujmox y}um| `jm }kolx `yygil`}om hok`lguxy `xo mo}`lcom lj ]`hco 2*

@e}oxr`xmy# lj ko`mljby 5*9*0 }g 5*9*< }koxo ly ` agjgbx`vkli `j`c|yly ge oìk dljm ge xlyd*

Lj y`lm ko`mljby }ko djgrcombo ge }ko hok`lguxy `yygil`}om rl}k oìk yl}u`}lgj `xo

eux}kox mo}`lcom# `j`c|yljb }ko mlxoi} ljilmojio +gj aljgxy, `jm }ko ljmlxoi} ljilmojio +gj

aljgxy laaoml`}o ojlxgjaoj}, ge }koa cc*

]`hco 2> Cly} ge xlydy `jm hok`lguxy `j`c|yom lj }ko xovgx}*

Xlydy Hok`lguxy `yygil`}om rl}k oìk xlyd

O[IOYYLUO _YO _YO O{ioyylo o{vojml}uxo*

@MMLI]LGJ @MM Yojyo ge `j{lo}| le }ko ya`x}vkgjo ly jg} `} k`jm*

]KXO@]Y ]G VXLU@I\ VXLVgy}ljb aljgxy vli}uxoy rl}kgu} }kolx igjyoj}*Aljgxy xoigxmljb jm vgy}ljb vli}uxoy ge g}kox voxygjyrl}kgu} xopuoy}ljb }kolx igjyoj}*

@IIOYY ]GLJ@VVXGVXL@]OIGJ]OJ]Y

IGJ@iioyy }g vli}uxoy jm lmogy rl}k yo{u`c igj}oj}*@iioyy }g vli}uxoy gx lmogy rl}k xìly} jm lgcoj}igj}oj}*

BXGGALJB BXG

Xoiolv} ge i`ccy gx YAY exga y}x`jboxy }k`} r`j} }g aoo}aljgxy*Xoiov}lgj ge vgxjgbx`vkli gx ghyiojoigj}oj}y'lmogy'vli}uxoy exga y}x`jboxy*

YO[]LJB YO[

@i}lo yo{}ljb +}`dljb vli}uxoy jm a`dljb lmogy gegjoyoce lj yo{|# vxggi`}lo gx lj`vvxgvxl`}o vgyo,*

V`yylo yo{}ljb +xoiolljb vli}uxoy'lmogy ge icgyovoxygjy lj yo{|# vxggi`}lo gx lj`vvxgvxl`}o vgyo,*

I\HOXH_CC\LJB H_C

V`yylo i|hoxhucc|ljb +xoiolljb ge ljyuc}ljb gx}kxo`}ojljb aoyy`boy gx i`ccy exga g}kox iklcmxoj,*@i}lo i|hoxhucc|ljb +ljyuc}y gx }kxo`}y }g j| ic`yya`}o}kxgubk }ko aghlco vkgjo,*

OIGJGALI XLYD @JM ' GXEX@_M

OIG]g yojm ` aoyy`bo }g v`x}lilv`}o lj `j| vxgag}lgj gxmgrjcg`m ` xljb}gjo# r`ccv`vox# `vvcli`}lgj gx bào }k`}`} }ko ojm ly agxo o{vojylo }k`j l} ykgucm ho*

]OIKJLI@C XLYDY ]OIUlxuy*

Yvà*

Yguxio> LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

5*0 Yl}u`}lgjy rgxx|ljb `muc}y* Xoc`}lo rgxx|> ya`x}vkgjo y* igavu}ox

Yv`jlyk v`xoj}y rl}k iklcmxoj `bom ho}rooj 06 `jm 05 }k`} uyo ya`x}vkgjoy `xo rgxxlom

`hgu} rk`} }kolx iklcmxoj mg rl}k }ko ya`x}vkgjo* 52*8/ ge v`xoj}y `xo jgxa`cc|rgxxlom

`jm 89/ `xo ox| gx }gg auik rgxxlom* Gj }ko g}kox k`jm# ;*?/ moic`xo }g ho cl}}co

rgxxlom gx jg} rgxxlom `} `cc*

Xob`xmljb bojmox# ag}koxy `xo agxo yuyvlilguy }k`j e`}koxy ge }ko uyo }kolx iklcmxoj i`j

a`do ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo* 8=*?/ ge rgaoj `mal} holjb ox| gx }gg auik rgxxlom# rklco

}kly voxioj}`bo ly 86*;/ lj i`yo ge aoj*



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Bx`vk 8=> Mobxoo }g rklik v`xoj}y rgxx| `hgu} aljgxy uyo ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo +/,

89*6/

52*8/

;*?/0*9/

L a ox| auik gx pul}o rgxxlom L a igaagjc| rgxxlom y v`xoj}

L a cl}}co rgxxlom gx jg} } cc rgxxlom MD'J@


E`}koxy uyljb ya`x}vkgjoy `xo agxo rgxxlom `hgu} }ko uyo }kolx iklcmxoj a`do ge

ya`x}vkgjoy }k`j }kgyo rkg `xo jgj!ya`x}vkgjo uyoxy* ]kuy# 8?*?/ ge `muc}y uyljb

ya`x}vkgjoy moic`xo }g ho ox| rgxxlom `hgu} rk`} }kolx iklcmxoj mg# `b`ljy} 86*2/ lj }ko

i`yo ge jgj!ya`x}vkgjo uyoxy*

Bx`vk 8?> Mobxoo }g rklik v`xoj}y rgxx| `hgu} aljgxy uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy# ìigxmljb }gya`x}vkgjoy ``lc`hlcl}| àgjb `muc}y +/,

8?*?/

55*2/

5*9/

0*5/

Kò ` ya`x}vkgjo

L à ox| auik gx pul}o rgxxlom

L à cl}}co rgxxlom gx jg} `} `cc rgxxlom

86*2/

52*;/

06*5/ 0*6/

Mg jg} kò ` ya`x}vkgjo

L à igaagjc| rgxxlom `y ` v`xoj}

MD'J@ H`yo> v`xoj}y +j1=66, Yguxio> LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo



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]ko ya`x}vkgjo ly ` }oikjgcgb| }k`} rgxxloy `muc}y `y auik `y igavu}oxy mg* ]kuy# 28/

ge }ko yuxo|om v`xoj}y moic`xo }g ho `y auik rgxxlom `hgu} }kolx iklcmxojy uyo ge

ya`x}vkgjoy y ge igavu}oxy*

09*8/ `xo agxo yuyvlilguy ge ya`x}vkgjoy `jm# gj }ko g}kox k`jm# 09*;/ vglj} gu} }ko

igavu}ox `y }ko molio }k`} rgxxloy }koa agy}*

Bx`vk 85> Mobxoo }g rklik v`xoj}y rgxx| `hgu} aljgxy uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy lj igav`xlygj }gigavu}oxy +/,

09*8/

28*6/

09*;/

0*6/

L à agxo rgxxlom `hgu} }ko ya`x}vkgjo }k`j }ko Lj}oxjo}Hg}k }oikjgcgbloy rgxx| ao }ko yàoL à coyy rgxxlom `hgu} }ko ya`x}vkgjo }k`j }ko Lj}oxjo}MD'J@


@iigxmljb }g }ko `jyroxy yvgj}`joguyc| vxglmom h| v`xoj}y# }ko a`lj rgxx| `hgu} }ko

uyo }kolx iklcmxoj a`do ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo ly }ko ìioyy }g igj}oj}y lj`vvxgvxl`}o egx

aljgxy* 92*;/ ge v`xoj}y aoj}lgj }kly xlyd yvgj}`joguyc|* 9*?/ ge v`xoj}y o{vxoyy# lj `

agxo o{vclil} yojyo# }kolx rgxx| `hgu} }ko vgyylhlcl}| ge }kolx iklcmxoj xoiolljb aoyy`boy

gx lmogy rl}k yo{u`c gx lgcoj} igj}oj}*

@e}ox }ko ìioyy }g lj`vvxgvxl`}o igj}oj}y# v`xoj}y `xo rgxxlom `hgu} aljgxy bo}}ljb lj

}guik rl}k y}x`jboxy +86*?/,*

@} ` cgjbox mly}`jio# `vvo`x o{ioyylo o{vojml}uxo +08*9/,# ya`x}vkgjo `mmli}lgj +


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Bx`vk 82> V`xoj}y a`lj rgxxloy gj aljgxy uyo ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo +/,

92*;/

86*?/

08*9/


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Bx`vk 8;> Cooc ge v`xoj}y rgxx| xob`xmljb rk`} aljgxy mg rl}k }ko ya`x}vkgjo lj yoox`cigjixo}o `yvoi}y +/,

?5*9/ ?=*6/ ?0*;/=9*;/ 9;*9/

90*9/

=6*6/ =6*6/ =0*9/=;*6/ ??*9/

?9*9/

9*;/ 5*6/ 2*6/ ;*9/ 5*?/0?*?/

6/

06/

86/

96/

=6/

?6/

56/

26/

;6/


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Y}um| gj yèo k`hl}y lj }ko uyo ge ya`x}vkgjoy h| Yv`jlyk iklcmxoj jm `mgcoyioj}y V`bo 5? ge 096

Bx`vk 8 V`xoj}y `mal}}om ljilmojio ge }ko yl}u`}lgjy o{voxlojiom h| aljgxy }k`} kòa`mo }koa eooc h`m rkoj uyljb }ko ya`x}vkgjo +/,

9*9/

;;*8/

;*?/

\oy Jg MD'J@


Moovojljb lj}g }ko `j`c|yly ge }ko yl}u`}lgjy }k`} k`m iùyom mlyigaegx} }g iklcmxoj#

v`xoj}y roxo `ydom `hgu} }ko o{voxlojioy clom h| iklcmxoj0=* ]ko egccgrljb }`b icgumy

ykgr }ko agy} y}`}om `jyroxy# yuik `y o{ioyylo o{vojml}uxo# ìioyy }g igj}oj}y jg}yul}`hco egx aljgxy `jm lj}oxì}lgj rl}k y}x`jboxy*

Lccuy}x`}lgj 0> Yl}u`}lgjy }k`} kò a`mo aljgxy eooc h`m rkoj uyljb ya`x}vkgjoy

H`yo> v`xoj}y }k`} `xo `r`xo ge }kolx iklcmxojy ljilmoj}y +j109, Yguxio> LJ]OIG $ Gx`jbo

0= Holjb ` auik xomuiom i`ciuc`}lgj h`yo +09 v`xoj}y,# }ko m`}` k`y hooj vxoyoj}om lj }`by icgum x`}kox }k`j lj bx`vk# rl}k}ko o{vclil} vuxvgyo }g `glm vxglmljb voxioj}`boy rl}k klbk yàvcljb oxxgx* ]ko xo`mox auy} }`do lj}g ìiguj} }k`} co}}oxyyl~o ly vxgvgx}lgj`c }g }ko }laoy }k`} xoyvgjyo k`y hooj aoj}lgjom*


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5*8*8 Aljgxy lorvglj}y

Rkoj `ydljb aljgxy le }ko| hocloo lj }ko o{ly}ojio ge lj`vvxgvxl`}o uyoy ge }ko

ya`x}vkgjo +jg} joioyy`xlc| a`mo h| }koa, nuy} gox k`ce ge }koa +?8*;/, `jyrox lj }ko

`eelxa`}lo jm =5*;/ hocloo }ko gvvgyl}o*

Bx`vk 96> Aljgxy lorvglj} gj }ko o{ly}ojio ge lj`vvxgvxl`}o uyoy ge }ko ya`x}vkgjo +/,

=5*;/

?8*;/

6*=/

\oy Jg MD'J@


]ko moov `j`c|yly ge }ko yl}u`}lgjy igjylmoxom `y lj`vvxgvxl`}o h| aljgxy xoecoi}y }k`}

`iioyy }g lgcoj} igj}oj}y +2?*=/, `jm yo{u`c igj}oj}y +28*8/, `xo }ko agy} xovo`}om

gv}lgjy*

Egccgrljb }ko c`}}ox# `vvo`x yl}u`}lgjy yuik `y agidox| `jm k`x`yyaoj} ge g}kox aljgxy

+=


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Bx`vk 90> Yl}u`}lgjy igjylmoxom lj`vvxgvxl`}o h| aljgxy +/,

2?*=/

28*8/

=


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V`x}liuc`xc|# }ko a`ngxl}| ge aljgxy igjylmox }koyo }|voy ge ilxiuay}`jioy }g ho ox| gx }gg

auik }xguhcoygao +80*;/ `jm = yvà +xomuiom h| 86*5 voxioj}`bo

vglj}y,# o{ioyylo o{vojml}uxo +xomuiom h| 08*8 voxioj}`bo vglj}y, `jm hok`lgux

`yygil`}om rl}k oigjgali xlyd `jm'gx exùm +xomuiom h| 00*= vglj}y,* ]ko gjc| yl}u`}lgj

}k`} ujmoxbgoy ` yclbk} ljixo`yo ly }ko gjo xoc`}ljb }g lxuy ljeoi}lgj +exga 6*5/ lj 8606 }g8/ lj 8600,# rklik a`| ho muo }g }ko eì} }k`} }ko ya`x}vkgjo ly ` ya`cc voxygj`c

igavu}ox `jm# }koxoegxo# l} ly yuhnoi} }g }kly dljm ge yoiuxl}| ljilmoj}y +l} ykgucm ho jg}om

}k`} }ko m`}` ge 8606 r`y hulc} gj aghlco vkgjo uyoxy lj bojox`c# jg} o{icuyloc|

ya`x}vkgjoy,*



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]`hco ;> Mlxoi} ljilmojio gj }ko mleeoxoj} xlyd yl}u`}lgjy y}`}om h| aljgxy*Ogcu}lgj 8606 ! 8600 +/,

Xlyd yl}u`}lgjy 8606 8600 Ogcu}lgj

_YO O{ioyylo o{vojml}uxo* 95*6/ 89*;/

]OI Yv`a* =8*


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]`hco Ljmlxoi} ljilmojio ge }ko mleeoxoj} xlyd yl}u`}lgjy y}`}om h| aljgxy*Igav`xlygj ho}rooj 8600 `jm 8606 +/,

Xlyd yl}u`}lgjy 8606 8600 Ogcu}lgj

_YO O{ioyylo o{vojml}uxo* ?2*?/ ?6*;/

@MM Yojyo ge `j{lo}| le }ko ya`x}vkgjo ly jg} `} k`jm* 8


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]`hco 06> Mlxoi} y* ljmlxoi} ljilmojio ge }ko mleeoxoj} xlyd yl}u`}lgjy y}`}om h| aljgxy lj 8600+/,

Xlyd yl}u`}lgjy Mlxoi} Ljmlxoi}

_YO O{ioyylo o{vojml}uxo* 89*;/ ?6*;/

]OI Yvà* 88*9/ 96*6/

OIG]g yojm ` aoyy`bo }g v`x}lilv`}o lj `j| vxgag}lgj gx mgrjcg`m `xljb}gjo# r`ccv`vox# `vvcli`}lgj gx bào }k`} `} }ko ojm ly agxoo{vojylo }k`j l} ykgucm ho*

02*;/ 98*9/

@MM Yojyo ge `j{lo}| le }ko ya`x}vkgjo ly jg} `} k`jm* 0?*;/ 9?*?/

IGJ @iioyy }g vli}uxoy gx lmogy rl}k xìly} `jm lgcoj} igj}oj}* ?*?/ 0


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Ljmlxoi} ljilmojio +aljgxy ojlxgjaoj},> mobxoo }g rklik }ko igjylmoxom hok`lguxy `jm

ljilmojioy kò giiuxxom rl}klj aljgxy ojlxgjaoj} +exlojmy# ic`yya`}oy,# ìigxmljb }g

aljgxy grj `jyroxy*

K`y l} oox k`vvojom }g `j|gjo icgyo }g |gu +exlojmy'ic`yya`}oy,7

L} ly joioyy`x| }g }`do lj}g ìiguj} }k`} }ko v`x}liuc`x yojyl}ll}| ge ygao ge }ko

a`}}oxy a`| èeoi} aljgxy `jyroxy +xoigbjlyljb }k`} ` v`x}liuc`x yl}u`}lgj k`y

giiuxxom, gx v`xoj}y `jyroxy +holjb `r`xo }k`} |gux iklcmxoj kò o{voxlojiom `

v`x}liuc`x yl}u`}lgj,*

]ko vuxvgyo ge }kly `j`c|yly ly }g geeox `j ghnoi}lo `jm xo`cly}li `j`c|yly ge }ko

xlydy ljilmojio yl}u`}lgj àgjb aljgxy }k`} ago `r`| exga vgyylhco `c`xaly}aoyy`boy `jm vxgag}o ` klbkox `r`xojoyy ge }koyo xlydy

5*9*0 O{ioyylo uyo

Ya`x}vkgjoy `ccgr aljgxy }g ho igjjoi}om# yuxe }ko Lj}oxjo} e`y}ox `jm lj `j ooj agxo

igaegx}`hco r`|# ìioyy ygil`c jo}rgxdy# laaoml`}oc| ixo`}o `jm vuhclyk aoml` igj}oj}#

vc`|# mgrjcg`m yoox`c `vvcli`}lgjy Rl}k yuik ` x`jbo ge euji}lgj`cl}loy# aljgxy i`j

a