Stroke by: Katarina Batinjan Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
CVA - medical emergency can cause permanent
neurological damage, complications and death
in the western world - second most common cause of death and disability
Risk factors for stroke include: advanced age hypertension *previous stroke diabetes high cholesterol cigarette smoking
Three types:
thromboticembolic ischemichemorrhagic
Thrombotic stroke
ischemic stroke caused by thrombosis
a thrombus (blood clot) usually forms around atherosclerotic plaques
causes occlusion of the vessel
Large vessel disease - atherosclerosis - inflammatory diseases
(Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis, vasculitis...)
Small vessel disease - branches of the circle of
Wilisi, middle cerebral artery ...
What type of anemia can we associate with thrombotic stroke?
Sickle cell anemia
Diagnosis neurological examination
CT scans MRI scansDoppler ultrasoundarteriography
Treatment removing blood clot from the vessel by breaking clot
fast reaction → blood flow
restored → smaller number of brain cells die
How can we break a clot?
thrombectomy - mechanical
thrombolysis – using drugs
Epidemiology
stroke could soon be the most common cause of death worldwide
"stroke belt" in southeastern U S
95% of strokes occur in people age 45+, and two-thirds of strokes occur in the over-65 group
men 1.25 times more likely to suffer strokes than women
previous stroke increases risk of future stroke
How can we prevent stroke?
Primary prevention - stop smoking, exercise...
Secondary prevention - anticoagulation drugs
References
www.wikipedia.org
Medical English handout (Chabner)
www.healthline.com
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