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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLCNREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

A Smarter Grid: Building GRID 3.0

Marine Energy and Smart Grid Technology

Workshop

May 10-11, 2010

Steve HauserVP, Grid Integration[President Emeritus, The GridWise Alliance]

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future2

Electricity System In the News Today"this is the future of the utility."

“You’re going to have more

devices hooked up to the grid,”

“You have to make sure with these additional connecting points that they’re secure.”

"For the first time in the grid's 100-year history, consumers can understand exactly how much energy they are using and can participate in cost-saving programs,"

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

Today’s Electricity System

3

• Production follows demand

• Largely electromechanical

• High carbon/low storage

• Blind to distribution/demand

• Very little information and control

• Central planning, design and operation


21st Century Electricity System

• Information rich

• Distributed design and operation

• Clean tech priority

• Ubiquitous storage

• Automated operations

• Highly differentiated energy services


Electricity System Framework for Change

Capacity Power Quality & Reliability Energy Efficiency Operational

EfficiencyClean

Technology

Foundation / Infrastructure

GRID 3.0

Load Curtailment

Demand Management

Grid Self- Optimization

EmergencyPower

Local Power Parks

Highly Differentiated

Reliability

EE Programs

Online Energy Efficiency &

Management

AutomatedEfficiency

Advanced Metering

DistributionAutomation

End-to-EndAutomation

DistributedRenewables

Electric VehicleManagement

Clean ResourceOptimization

VIS

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CO

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Conceptual Paradigm Shift

More innovation More information, more real time (visibility) More connectivity More consumer participation (control) More automation (control) More indigenous solutions More customization/differentiation

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future9National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future


Optimizing the Cost of Smarter Grids

Foundation / Infrastructure

21st Century

Cap

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Capacity

Responsive demand Defer and/or reduce production investments Demand follows supply High asset utilization Reserve capacity Must run plants Microgrids/Consumer owned resources


Source: 06-09 A National Assessment of Demand Response Potential

Potential for Demand Response

U.S. Summer Peak Demand Forecast by Scenario


Reliability and Power Quality

Ubiquitous, universal, reliable HQ power Modern digital loads demand greater Q Local solutions not always optimal Drive to higher differentiation in service Identify and serve “critical” loads


Heterogeneous Reliability

Source: Microgrids and Heterogeneous Power Quality and Reliability by Chris Marnay


Energy Efficiency

Computers and servers Power supply and management Information and telecom infrastructure Motors and motor systems Lighting and lighting systems Sensors/Controllers Alternative energy resources Smart Grid Transportation systems General infrastructure


Source: Semi-Conductor Technologies: The Potential to Revolutionize U.S. Energy Productivity – Rpt E094

ACEEE Study on EE Potential

Scenarios of US Electricity Growth


Operational Efficiency Automating processes and systems Demand supplied ancillary services Reducing energy losses Reducing theft Enhanced decision tools Reduced outages Workforce productivity


Aging Assets

Source: GE Energy Lunch and Learn Series


Clean Technology Possibly greatest change (speed & scale) RPS/carbon tax Technology Innovation Solar/Wind/Etc Storage PHEV and beyond Fuel Cells/Advanced Nuclear/Etc.


Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - 10%R

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10,000

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MON APR 10 TUE APR 11 WED APR 12 THU APR 13 FRI APR 14 SAT APR 15 SUN APR 16

MW

Study Area Dispatch - Week of April 10th - No Wind

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Nuclear Steam Coal Wind

Solar CSP w/ Storage Solar PV Combined Cycle

Gas Turbine Pumped Storage Hydro Hydro


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High RE Penetration Impacts on Operation

Western Wind and Solar Integration Study


Xcel Energy – Alamosa System

8MW connected to substation

High Variability due to clouds

Accommodating RE Variability


Our Vision of a 21st Century GridA 21st Century Grid must substantially increase the use of existing production assets

Over 1,000 GW of production assets serve our national power needs, but many of these expensive assets are used only a few times each year. Some are almost never used. We must plan, design, build and operate a system that is much more effective at using these assets.

A 21st Century Grid must readily accommodate new generation, transmission, distribution and consumer technologiesOur ever evolving digital society is already placing unique and difficult demands on our grid. Growing environmental concerns will drive a diversity of cleaner sources of power. These and unanticipated future needs demand that we plan, design, build and operate a “plug and play” grid that maximizes flexibility, extensibility and adaptability.

A 21st Century Grid must actively identify and extract energy efficiency throughout the systemMaximizing energy efficiency from generation to load is critical in meeting our carbon reduction goals. We must plan, design, build and operate a grid that will proactively “mine” carbon throughout, targeting both static and dynamic changes to the system.

A 21st Century Grid must be operated in a highly efficient and highly automated manner.As the grid rapidly increases in complexity, we must plan, design, build and operate a system that is much more automated; sensing changes, responding and adjusting in near real time—eventually becoming an adaptive self-healing system.

A 21st Century Grid must be able to highly differentiate the reliability requirements of consumersOur future, increasingly digital, economy will require higher levels of reliability and power quality. The cost of providing this service will be prohibitive if applied universally. We must plan, design, build and operate a grid that provides for variation in the quality of power while creating a grid that is absolute in providing for critical loads.