States of Matter• States of matter= the physical forms in which a
substance can exist • EXAMPLE: water exists in solid (s), Liquid (l), and gas (g) forms
• Solid water= ice• Liquid= water • Gas= steam (water vapor)
Moving particles make up matter!!• Matter consists of tiny particles
called atoms & molecules that are too tiny to see with a microscope
• Atoms and molecules are constantly moving and bumping into one another!
• Atoms and molecules are attracted to each other
Model of a solid
• SOLID= state in matter that has definite shape and volume
• Particles are STRONGLY attracted
• Held tightly in place• Particles VIBRATE in place
1. Solid
Definite shape
Definite volume
Tightly packed. Slowly vibrating molecules and atoms. They do not change position
2 types of solids1. Crystalline
• Very orderly, 3-dimensional, particles arranged in a repeating pattern of rows
• EXAMPLES: iron, diamond, and ice
2. Amorphous• Composed of atoms or
molecules that are in no particular order or pattern
• EXAMPLES: rubber and wax
Model of liquid• LIQUID= matter that takes the
shape of its container and has definite volume
• Particles are able to slide past one another
• Move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them
2. LiquidsNo definite shape
Definite volume
Takes the shape of the container and has a horizontal surface
Move faster, less tightly packed. Can change position
2 Liquid Properties
1. Surface tension= the force acting on the particles at the surface that causes a drop to look spherical
• Different liquids have different surface tensions
2. Viscosity= liquids resistance to flow
• Stronger the attraction, MORE viscous• Weaker the attraction, LESS viscous
Model of a Gas• GAS= matter changes
both shape and volume• Move fast enough to
overcome attraction• Particles move
independently from each other
• Amount of empty space can change
3. Gases
No definite shape or volume
Molecules spread out to fill container
Temperature and pressure changes have large effects on gases
Very spread out, moving very quickly
Gas Under Pressure• Pressure= the amount of force exerted on a given area
• # of collisions in a closed container• As the # of collisions increase, force increases, pressure increases
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