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PRESENTED BY
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Introduction
START I
START II (SORT)
NEW START
Process of approvinga treaty.
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Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, (START) was
an arms control treaty between the United
State and Soviet Union. Which begun in 1982.
Ballistic missile defenses (BMD) have been an
issue in U.S.-Soviet arms control talks since
the 1970s.
During the Cold War, both the nations
attempt to balance limits on offensive
weapons and defensive weapons so that
they could maintain strategic stability.
cont.
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Historically a major achievement occurred at the
USSR meeting in November 1974, between President
Ford and General Secretary Brezhnev. At this
meeting, both the sides agreed to a basic frameworkfor the SALT agreement.
Basic elements of the agreement included:
1. limit on strategic nuclear delivery vehicles (ICBMs, SLBMs, and heavybombers) of both the sides;
cont.
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2) ban on construction of new land-based ICBM
launchers;
3) limits on deployment of new types of strategic
offensive arms
4) important elements of the Agreement (e.g.
relating and verification) would be combined in thenew agreement
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President USA Ford and G.Secratery
Brezhnev signing a joint agreement on
the SALT treaty in Russia November 24,
1974
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The START negotiations were successors to the (SALT)Strategic Arms Limitation Talks of the 1970s.
To begin again the strategic-arms negotiations with the SovietUnion in 1982, U.S. President Ronald Reagan renamed the
talks START and proposed root reductions, rather than merelylimitations.
The treaty was applied on more then 6000 nuclear
weapons a top of 1600 ICBMs SLBMs and heavybombers.
cont..
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In December 1991 the Soviet Union broke up,into 15 independent republics with strategicnuclear weapons inBelarus, Kazakhstan,Ukraine, and Russia.
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The START Treaty comprises of over 700
pages. Contain the rules to limit and reduce
the offensive forces.
This Treaty includes
different types of
inspections plus
continuous monitoringat the facilities in each
country that producemobile ICBMs or 0ther
missiles.
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The Treaty alsoinclude over 80
separate notifications
They are required to
tell the other about
new missile systems
as well as about
movements,operations, and
elimination of arms.
The agreement to
exchange records as well
as any data necessary to
understand them, wouldnot have been possible
during any other time in
the history of relations
between the United Statesand the Soviet Union.
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There is no compensation in the Treaty for
the independent nuclear forces of France and
Great Britain.
It is important tonote that the START
Treaty is not about
eliminating our
relationship withalliances; it is about
eliminating the risk
of war. Russia
President Bush said, 'by reducing arms, wetake a significant step forward in removing ahalf-century of mistrust. By building trust,
we pave a path to peace. We sign the STARTTreaty as our last will, the new relationship
emerging between our two countries - in thepromise of further progress toward lasting
peace'.
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START I had a duration of 15 years
By the time of the treaty's expiration, their strategic nuclear
ammunition were significantly below those targets in the
treaty.
During the 90s, the US and Russia undertook
several attempts to replace START I with a new
treaty that would have provided for deeper
reductions
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START II therefore translated to
an overall fifty percent reduction
in nuclear weapons, limiting each
country to a total of between
3,000 and 3,500 strategic
weapons.
A second START agreement
signed by President Bush andRussian President BorisYeltsin in 1993 called forfurther reductions in strategicweapons
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The agreement's original
implementation deadline was January2003, ten years after signature, but a1997 protocol moved this deadline to
December 2007
Protocol of 1997 to amend the
International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 2
November 1973
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Both the US Senate and
the Russian Parliament
approved START II, but
the treaty did not takeeffect because the US
Senate did not
approved the 1997
protocol and severalAnti ballistic Missiles
(ABM) Treaty
amendments
START II was
effectively placed
for consideration
in Russian
parliament in 2002
by the U.S.
withdrawal fromthe ABM treaty.
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January 3, 1993: Presidents Bush and Yeltsin sign START II in Moscow.
January 15, 1993: President George H. W. Bush submits START II to the Senate for
advice and consent.
June 22, 1995: President Yeltsin submits START II to the Russian Parliament forapproval.
January 26, 1996: The Senate approved START II
March 20-21, 1997: Presidents Bill Clinton and Yeltsin agreed to extend the deadline
by five years and to immediately begin negotiations on a START III
April 13, 1998: President Boris Yeltsin submits the START II extension protocol to
the parliament
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December 25, 1998: In response to the U.S.-British air strikes against Iraq, the Russian
parliament postponed the START II ratification/conformation.
April 14, 2000: The Russian Parliament approved the START II ratification legislation
May 4, 2000: Putin signs the resolution for START II and its extension protocol
December 13, 2001: U.S. President George W. Bush issues a six-month notice towithdraw from the ABM Treaty
June 14, 2002: Russian President Vladimir Putin declares that Russia is no longer bound
by its signature of START II
Nearly a decade of efforts to bringSTART II into force ended in April 2002
A month after, the US and Russia concluded negotiations on theStrategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT),
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Signed 24 May 2002
Location Moscow
Effective 1 June 2003Condition Ratification of both parties
Expiration 5 February 2011(Superseded by New START)
SignatoriesGeorge W. Bush
Vladimir Putin
PartiesUnited States
Russia
RatifiersU.S. Senate
State Duma
Languages English, Russian
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
(SORT)
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SORT replacing START II
The START II treaty was officiallybypassed by the SORT treaty,
agreed by Presidents George W.Bush and Vladimir Putinat theirsummit meeting.
Agreement signed at Moscow agreed to reduceoperationally nuclear warheads to 1,700 from
2,200 by 2012.
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(SORT), also known as the Treaty of Moscow
It includes V articles.
the Parties shall hold meetings at least twice a year of a Bilateral
Implementation Commission. This Treaty shall remain in force until December 31, 2012
SORT does not, however, set any strategic nuclear destruction or weapons
limits
Committed to implementing significant reductions in
strategic offensive arms
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By early 2009, agreement between the two sides was
possible, with a new administration in Washington
under Pres. Barack Obama
by April 8, 2010, the agreement was signed. limit each side to 1,550 warheads and up to 800
delivery vehicles
The targets set by New START was about 30% below
the levels set by SORT in 2002
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Graphical representation
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SORT vs. START & New START
The START was a book sized while, SORT hardly filled
two pages
START clearly Defined strategic nuclear warheads, while
SORT was Lacking any monitoring provision and
unverifiable.
The (SORT), treaty terminated when New START
entered into force
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Official signature
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PROCESS OF APPROVING A TREATY
Proposal/Plan.
A plan or suggestion put forward for discussion.
Negotiation.
To discuss or talk with others in order to reach an agreement
Efficacy/Effectiveness.
making effective or operative.
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Implementation.
The enforcement of a judgment .
Expiration/Renewal.
The ending of the fixed period is expiration and extending
the period of validity or contract.
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