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ACCREDITATION

08Fall

A c c r e d i t a t i o n S t a n d a r d s a n d P r o c e s s e s

SSHAccreditation

SSHACCREDITATIONPROCESS

SocietyforSimulationinHealthcareCouncilforAccreditationofHealthcareSimulationProgramsInformationalGuidefortheAccreditationProcessfromtheSSHCouncilforAccreditationofHealthcareSimulationPrograms

Copyright©2017bySocietyforSimulationinHealthcareMaynotbeused,altered,ordisseminatedwithoutexpresswrittenpermissionfromSSH Page2

TableofContents

HEALTHCARESIMULATIONACCREDITATIONBACKGROUND 3

BENEFITSOFSSHACCREDITATION 4

ELIGIBILITYANDSTANDARDS 5

SURVEYPROCESS 7ACCREDITATIONCYCLE 7SURVEYPROCESS 8ACCREDITATIONAPPLICATIONREVIEWPROCESS 8INITIALON-SITESURVEYPROCESS 8ACCREDITATIONDECISIONS&IMMEDIATEPOST-SURVEYPROCESS 8MAINTAININGACCREDITATION&RENEWALAPPLICATIONPROCESS 9APPEALSPROCESS 10

SIMULATIONPROGRAMREVIEWERS 11

COSTOFACCREDITATION 12

APPENDIXI:STEPSFORSSHACCREDITATION 13

APPENDIXII:FAQS 15

GLOSSARYOFTERMSFORSSHACCREDITATION 25


Background:AccreditationinHealthcareSimulationTheSocietyforSimulationinHealthcare(SSH)wasestablishedinJanuary2004torepresenttherapidlygrowinggroupofeducators,researchscientists,andadvocateswhoutilizeavarietyofsimulationmethodologiesforeducation,testing,andresearchinhealthcare.ThemembershipoftheSocietyisunitedbyitsdesiretoimproveperformanceandreduceerrorsinpatientcareusingmulti-modalsimulationmethodologiesincludingtasktrainers,patientsimulators,virtualreality,screen-basedsimulatorsandstandardizedpatients.Recognizingthatsimulationrepresentsaparadigmshiftinhealthcareeducation,SSHpromotesimprovementsinsimulationtechnology,educationalmethods,practitionerassessment,andpatientsafetythatpromotecompetentandexcellentpatientcare,includingcontinuousmeasurementsandimprovementsinpatientoutcomes.Consistentwithitsmission–tobeaaleadinginterprofessionalsocietythatadvancestheapplicationofsimulationinhealthcarethroughglobalengagement-SSHhasdevelopedanaccreditationprocessforsimulationprogramsfocusedonhealthcare.Forpurposesofthisaccreditationprocess,asimulationprograminhealthcare(hereforwardknownas“Program”)isdefinedasanorganizationorgroupwithdedicatedresources(personnelandequipment)whosemissionisspecificallytargetedtowardimprovingpatientsafetyandoutcomesthroughassessment,research,advocacyandeducationusingsimulationtechnologiesandmethodologies.ProgramsseekingSSHaccreditationwilldemonstratecompliancewithCoreStandardsandfulfillmentofstandardsappliedtooneormoreofthreeareasofsimulation/simulatoruse:

1. Assessment2. Research3. Teaching/Education

AProgrammayseekaccreditationforitsoverallsystemeffortsinthefollowingarenaonlyiftheyareapplyingforaccreditationinoneoftheabove3areas.SystemsIntegrationandPatientSafetycannotbeappliedforasa“stand-alone”area.AprogramcannotbeaccreditedONLYinSystemsIntegrationandPatientSafety.4.SystemIntegrationandPatientSafety


BenefitsofSSHAccreditationThebenefitsofaccreditationaccruevaluetotheorganization,theindustryandthecommunity.Benefitsinclude,butarenotlimitedto:• Improveshealthcareeducationthroughtheidentificationofbestpracticesandrecognitionofpractice

• Improveshealthcaresimulationthroughprovidingstandardizationandapoolofknowledgeofbestpractices

• Strengthenspatientsafetyeffortsthroughsupportofsimulationmodalities• Supportseducationandconsultationongoodpracticesandbenchmarkstoimprovebusinessoperations

• Encouragesthesharingofbestpracticesthrougheducationandconsultation• Providesexternalvalidationofindividualsimulationprograms• Strengthensorganizational,community,andlearnerconfidenceinthequalityofeducationandservices

• Garnerslocalsupport,resources,andcommitment• Fostersafeedbackloopbetweeneducationandpracticebyparticipatinginacontinuousprocessofimprovement

• Encouragesperformanceimprovementwithinthesimulationprogram• Providesacompetitiveedgeinthecommunity,programofferings,andgrantfunding

• Providesacustomized,intensiveprocessofreviewgroundedintheuniquemissionandvaluesoftheorganization

• Enhancesstaffrecruitmentanddevelopment• Recognizesexpertiseinsimulationaboveandbeyonddomainexpertise


ELIGIBILITY&STANDARDSAProgramiseligibleforSSHAccreditationwhenitisabletodemonstratecompliancewiththeestablishedcoreandareaspecificstandards.Aprogrammusthaveaminimumoftwoyearsexperienceinthefunctionalareainwhichaccreditationissought.AllprogramsmustdemonstratecompliancewiththecriteriaassociatedwiththefollowingsevenCoreStandards:CORESTANDARDS

1. Mission&Governance2. ProgramManagement3. ResourceManagement4. HumanResources5. ProgramImprovement6. Integrity7. ExpandingtheField

Inaddition,theProgrammustdemonstratecompliancewiththestandards/criteriainoneormoreofthefollowingfunctionalareas:ASSESSMENTSTANDARDS

1. Resources&Technology2. Assessors3. AssessmentTools4. AssessmentSupport

RESEARCHSTANDARDS

1. Mission2. ResearchOversight3. ResearchActivity4. Researchers5. ResearchCollaboration6. Compliance

TEACHING/EDUCATIONSTANDARDS

1. EducationalActivities2. EducationalActivityDesign3. QualifiedEducators4. EvaluationandImprovement


AnadditionaloptionforProgramswhohavemettheaboverequirementstoberecognizedinthefunctionalarea(s)ofAssessment,and/orResearch,and/orTeaching/EducationistoseekaccreditationintheareaofSystemIntegration&PatientSafetyStandards:SYSTEMINTEGRATION&PATIENTSAFETYSTANDARDS

1. Mission&Scope2. IntegrationActivities

***FurtherinformationontherequiredcriterianeededforeachofthestandardscanbefoundintheAccreditationStandardspostedonline.


ACCREDITATIONCYCLEApplicationinstructionsareavailableonlineathttps://ssih.org/accreditation.Thewebsiteprovidesinstructionsoncompletingandsubmittingtheapplicationandrequireddocumentation.TheAccreditationCycle(commontimeframes):AnnualDeadlinesforApplication

ReviewedandinitialresponsesbySSH

TimeframeforScheduledVisit

SSHAccreditationBoardofReview

May15December15

JuneJanuary

August–NovemberMarch–July

October-DecemberJune–August


ACCREDITATIONSURVEYPROCESS

AccreditationApplicationReviewProcessTheaccreditationapplicationreviewisthefirststepintheaccreditationprocess.Oncesubmitted,theSSHAccreditationstaffwillreviewtheapplication.Iftheapplicationiscompleteandalleligibilitycriteriamet,anon-sitereviewwillbescheduled.

AccreditationOn-SiteSurveyProcessTheon-sitesurveyprocessisaone-day*structuredreviewwhereReviewerswillbudgettheirfocusundereachcriteriauniquetoeachprogramwiththegoaltosupporttheprogram’seffortstoimprovetheiroperationsandoveralloutcomes.TheSSHSimulationAccreditationReviewTeam(SSH-SART)willbeassignedandannouncedatleastonemonthpriortothescheduledvisit.*Sitereviewsforareasapplyingforallfourareasmayberequiredtoextendintoanadditionalday.

AGENDAFORREVIEWDAY(Sample)

Check-in(onlineverificationprocess)OpeningReviewingofDocumentationCriteriainStandardsInspectionandObservationofProgramEnvironmentInterviewUsersandLearnersObservationofSimulationProcessesReviewofCurriculaReviewofQualityAssuranceDataReviewofQualityImprovementInitiativesSSH-SARTDeliberation(Closed)Closing

AccreditationDecisions&ImmediatePost-SurveyProcessAccreditationdecisionsaremadebytheAccreditationBoardofReviewbasedonevidenceofcompliancewithestablishedaccreditationstandardsandcriteria.Evidenceofcomplianceisprovidedbytheprogramandverifiedbythesurveyteamduringsitevisits.Atthecompletionofthesitevisit,thesurveyteamwillprepareasummaryofthesurveyfindings.TheaccreditationdecisionwillbemadebytheSSHAccreditationBoardofReviewfollowingreviewofthesurveyteam’sEvidenceofCriteriaforStandardsFeedbackReport.TheAccreditationBoardofReviewwillmakethedecisionthataccreditationisgrantedornotgranted.


Whenaprogramisgranted,orisnotgrantedaccreditation,afeedbackreportwillbeprovided.AProgramnotgrantedaccreditationmustwaitonefullcyclebeforebeingeligibletoreapply.

MAINTAININGACCREDITATION&RENEWALAPPLICATIONPROCESSAccreditationisgrantedforafive(5)yearperiod.Reportsarerequiredannuallyandanytimeasubstantialchangewithintheprogramoccurs.Inordertomaintainaccreditation,theprogrammustsubmitanannualSSHAccreditationSelf-Studyreportandanannualfee.ThereportwillbeduebyJune15ofeachyear,aftertheyeartheprogramwasgrantedAccreditation.Failuretoprovidetheannualreportandfeebythestateddeadlinecouldresultindismissaloftheprogram’saccreditationstatus.ThereporttemplatewillbeprovidedtoeachaccreditedprogrambytheDirectorofAccreditationatleast3monthspriortothedeadlineforsubmission.Forrenewedaccreditation,aprogrammustsubmitaRenewalApplicationtoSSHAccreditationCouncilinthecycle5yearsfollowinginitialaccreditation.


APPEALSPROCESSTheSocietyforSimulationinHealthcareseekstoimplementafairandtransparentaccreditationprocess.Appealsconcerningaccreditationdecisionswillbeevaluatedinareasonable,carefulandtimelymanner.SimulationprogramsseekinganappealmustformallycommunicatetheirconcernstotheExecutiveDirectoroftheSocietyforSimulationinHealthcarewithin2weeksoftheaccreditationdecision.Appealsmustbeinwriting;theExecutiveDirectorwillconfirmreceiptoftheappealwithin2weeks,willinformtheAccreditationCounciloftheappeal,andforwardtheappealtotheExecutiveCommitteeofSSH(actingAppealsCommittee).Appealsmustspecifythecriteriaunderdispute,andshouldincluderelevantdocumentation.TheAppealsCommitteemaycontacttheapplicantprogramtorequestadditionalinformationorclarification.TheAppealsCommitteewillreplytotheAppealinwriting,within8weeksunlessotherwisecommunicatedbytheExecutiveDirector.AnyquestionsorconcernsaboutAccreditation,Standards,Processes,andSSHAccreditationServicesshouldbeforwardedto:AndrewSpainDirectorofAccreditationandCertificationSocietyforSimulationinHealthcareOfficePhone:573.340.3735aspain@ssih.orgKristynGadlageAccreditationandCertificationCoordinatorSocietyforSimulationinHealthcareOfficePhone:[email protected]


SIMULATIONPROGRAMREVIEWERS(Surveyors)Thereviewteam,SSH-SART,canincludeoneormoreReviewerswhohaveseniorlevelexperienceandhavedemonstratedsimulationexpertiseintheSSHStandardsofAccreditation.SSHReviewersaretrainedandcertified,andwillreceivecontinuingeducationonadvancesinquality-relatedperformanceevaluation.Reviewteamsmayconsistofphysicians,nurses,simulationprogramadministrators,orotherqualifiedindividuals.AllReviewersarevolunteers;theywillbecompensatedfortheirtravelexpenses,butwillnotreceivesalaryfromSSH.


COSTOFCYCLEACCREDITATIONTheaccreditationfeeforthecorestandardsandoneoftheARTstandardsis$5975.00.ThefeescheduleformultipleART-Sstandardsreviewsisshownbelow.Theaccreditationfeeispaidwithin60daysfromSSHnotificationofeligibilityandacceptanceandistobesubmittedwithaLetterofIntent.ThesurveyfeedoesnotincludeReviewertravelfeesthataretheresponsibilityofeachprogram.SSHwillinvoiceeachprogramattheconclusionofthesitevisitforsitereviewertravelincludingairfare,hotelaccommodations,meals,othertransportationneeded,andincidentalsoccurredasadirectrelationtoaccreditationon-sitereview.FeeScheduleforSSHAccreditation*AccreditationService AmountDueApplicationReview $100.00On-SiteSurvey(Core+1)

$5,975.00

On-SiteSurvey(Core+2) $6,250.00On-SiteSurvey(Core+3) $6,499.00On-SiteSurvey(Core+4) $6,975.00ReviewerTravel(travelforreviewerspaidbysite).Invoicewillbesenttoprogramwithin2weekspostreview

Variable

1Y,2Y,3Y,4YReportReview $255.00each

*Fees subject to increase. Please contact Director of Accreditation for further information.


APPENDIXI:StepsforSSHAccreditation


NOTE:PerSSHAccreditationPolicy,nocontactwillbemadebytheprogramtotheSSH-SART(SimulationAccreditationReviewTeam)orCouncil.AllQuestionsmaybedirectedtotheDirectorofAccreditation,AndrewSpain,ortotheAccreditationCoordinator,KristynGadlage.


APPENDIXII:FrequentlyAskedQuestions(FAQ)

1. Eligibility2. Standards3. Processes4. Reviewers(Surveyors)5. OtherAccreditingOrganizations

1.ELIGIBILITYQ1.1:Inordertobeconsideredforaccreditation,doesmyProgramhavetobeinafreestandingCenterorfacility? A1.1:No.AProgrammaybeinastand-alonefacilityormaybeinsideahospitalorschool.AlthoughfacilitiesmustbeadequatetomeetthegoalsandobjectivesoftheProgram,thedefiningcharacteristicsofanaccreditedprogramistheworkitdoes,notthephysicalstructure. Q1.2:MysimulationProgramisfairlynew.IsitpossibletobeaccreditedwhenwehaveonlylimitedexperienceasaProgramorifwehaveplansforwhatweintendtodo? A1.2:Inordertobeconsideredforaccreditation,aProgramneedstohavebeeninexistencefortwoyearsandbeabletodemonstratethatithastherequisitesystemsandprocessesinplaceandthatitisachievingitsstatedgoalsanddemonstratingoutcomes.Inaddition,theprogrammusthaveatleast2yearsexperienceineacharea(Assessment,Research,TeachingandSystemsIntegration)forwhichtheapplicationissubmitted. Q1.3:IsSSHseekingtoaccreditsimulationprogramsoronlytoapprove/endorsetheiractivities?

A1.3:Thegoalisaccreditation.Thedefinitionof“Accreditation”isbelievedtobeconsistentwithothernationalaccreditationbodiessuchasCouncilforHigherEducationAccreditation(CHEA)andUSDepartmentofEducation(USDE).Whenfullyimplemented,theSSHaccreditationprocesseswillinclude:(a)completionofaself-study,(b)asitevisit,(c)areportfromthereviewers,(d)areviewoftheteamreportbytheBoardofReview,and(e)adecisionbytheBoardofReview.Anappealprocessisalsoavailable.


Q1.4:IsthereaminimumlengthoftimeaProgrammustbeinexistencebeforeseekingaccreditation?A1.4:Aprogrammustbeinexistencefor2yearsbeforeseekingaccreditation.Theprogrammustalsohaveatleast2yearsexperienceineacharea(Assessment,Research,TeachingandSystemsIntegration)forwhichtheapplicationissubmitted.Basedoninputfromnewcentersthatgreworganicallyorreliedheavilyonconsultants,evenwithawell-developedstrategicplanandahigh-levelbusinessplan,ittakesanaverageof18monthstobefullyoperational.Q1.5:OurprogramisnotintheUnitedStates:canwestillapply?A1.5:Yes.SSHisaninternationalsociety.SSHisactivelyworkingwithotherinternationalorganizationsandhasperformedsitereviewsforinternationalprograms.Weareintegratinginternationalsitereviewerstoperformon-sitereviewsofapplicantprograms. Q1.6:Iappliedforaccreditationin2013andwasfoundnottohavemetallofthestandards/criteriaforaccreditation.WhenistheearliestIcanreapply?A1.6:Inordertoassureprogramshaveadequatetimetocomeintocompliancewiththestandards,programsmustwaitoutonefullcycle.Inthiscase,youwillneedtowaituntilthe2015cycletoreapply.Q1.7:IamfromaprogramoutsideoftheUnitedStates.DoapplicationmaterialsneedtobesubmittedinEnglish?A1.7:Weencourageapplicationsfromsimulationcentersacrosstheglobe.Wedonotyethavetheresourcestosupportallthepossiblelanguagesforprogramsseekingaccreditation.ThereforedocumentationforreviewmustbesubmittedinEnglish,andourvisitingteamwillrequireyourcentertoprovidesomeonewithknowledgeofyoursimulationcenterwhoisfluentinEnglishaswellasyourprimarylanguagetotranslatefortheteam. 2.STANDARDSQ2.1:IfmyProgramwantstoonlyseekaccreditationforSystem-IntegrationandPatientSafety,isthatpossible? A2.1:No.AProgramcannotonlyseekaccreditationintheareaofSystemIntegrationandPatientSafety.Thisisnotastandaloneaccreditationdesignation.AProgrammustalsomeetthecorestandardsandthestandardsassociatedwithatleastoneofthethreefunctionalareas:Assessment,Education,orResearch.Ifyour


Programmeetsalltherequirementsinoneormoreoftheseareas,andyourProgramprovidessupportingevidencerelatedtothestandardsforSystemIntegrationandPatientSafety,yourProgramcanbeconsideredforrecognitionintheareaofSystemsIntegrationandPatientSafety. Q2.2:IfmyprogramwantstobeaccreditedinonlyEducation,andSystemsIntegrationandPatientSafety,isthispossible?A2.2:Yes.IfyourProgramdocumentscompliancewiththecorestandardsaswellasthestandardsassociatedwithEducation,andyourprogramalsosuppliesevidenceofcompliancewiththestandardsforSystemIntegrationandPatientSafety,SSHwillconsideryourProgramfordualaccreditationinEducationaswellasSystemsIntegrationandPatientSafety. Q2.3:InotethatthereisnotaspecificrequirementfortheamountofdedicatedtimetheProgramDirectormustspendwiththeProgram.HowwillSSHknowwhatis“adequate?” A2.3:CurrentlythereisnoevidencethatestablishesaminimumamountoftimenecessarytoassureaqualityProgram.Giventhevariabilityofprogramsandorganizationalstructures,wefeelthatitisreasonabletoassesstheadequacyoftimecommitmentsbasedontheoverallqualityofProgram’sstructure,processes,andoutcomes.Throughtheaccreditationprocess,theProgramwillbeaskedtodemonstratehowitmeetsitsstatedgoalsandisincompliancewiththeestablishedstandards.Aswecollectdataovertime,however,webelievethatwemaybeabletoidentifyathresholdfordedicatedtimenecessaryfromtheProgramDirector.Ifwedo,wewillintegratethatevidenceintofutureaccreditationstandards. Q2.4:Inseveralplacestherearestatementsabout“experts”and“qualifiedindividuals.”Howwillthesetermsbeoperationalizedinanobjectiveandconsistentmanner? A2.4:Asanemergingdiscipline,someofthesetermsarehardtodefine.WhilewebelievethatitisimportantfortheProgramstosupplytheirrationaleforjudgingtheiradministrators,instructors,andresourcepersons“qualified”or“expert,”thisisanareawhereweneedsomeinputfrominvolvedstakeholders.Althoughwehavecollectivelydefinedthesetermsinourglossary,wewelcomeyourfeedbackforoperationaldefinitionsthatweshouldusefortheseterms. Q2.5:Whatistheexpectationfor“oversight”andhowwouldaProgramreconcilemultipledepartmentsusingonefacility?A2.5:TheCouncilmembersbelievethatifmultipledepartmentsareusingone


facility,thattheneedforanoversightbodyandstandardpoliciesandprocedureswouldbecritical.ThereisnosinglewayinwhichaProgramshouldprovideoversightforactivities.TheProgramwouldneedtodescribeintheSelfStudyhowthisoversightisaccomplishedandevaluated.

Q2.6:Concernwasexpressedaboutneedingtoprovidebudgetsandfinancialsupportinformation.

A2.6:Thisisviewedassensitiveinformationbyanumberofrespondents.ThegoalinthiselementistoensurethattheProgramhasthemeansnecessarytosupportitsmissionandassurestability.Someprogramsmaybeuncomfortablesupplyingsalaryinformationataperson-by-personlevel;thisobjectivecouldbeachievedifinformationwereprovidedinaggregateatthelevelofcategoriesofrevenueandexpense.Forexample,totalsalaryexpense,totalnon-salaryexpense,andtotalcapitalexpenseinformationwouldsuffice.Thisinformationwillremainconfidential.Q2.7:Whataretheexpectationsforthequalificationsofinstructors/faculty?Isanadvanceddegreerequiredorisexperienceasufficientqualification?Howwillcompetencybedemonstrated?Willweneedtosharetheevaluationsofourindividualinstructorsandfaculty?

A2.7:TheCouncilmembersagreethatthismaybedifficultareatoaddressastherearepeoplewhohavebeendoingcredibleworkandleadingthefieldwithoutanadvanceddegreeinthespecialtyofsimulation.Similartotheprocessesdevelopedwithmanynewermedicalspecialties,individualswhohavebeendevelopingthisfieldwillbeevaluatedviareviewofportfolios,résumés,curriculadeveloped,etc.Tocrediblyachieveaccreditation,wehavetoassessthequalificationsofinstructors,facultyandotherswhoperformvitalrolesinthePrograminthecontextofthatprogram.Applicantsmusthaveaformalprocesstodocument,evaluateandreviewthequalifications,trainingandexperienceofallstaff.Q2.8:Whatdowemeanwhenwesay“evidence-based”suchasevidence-basededucationalmaterials? A2.8:Itwasagreedthatthereisnotthesamelevelofevidenceinsimulationasthereisindiabetescare,forexample.TheBestEvidenceinMedicalEducation(BEME)projectoutlinesthechallengesinthisregard.EducationalmaterialsormethodsthathavebeenproventhroughrigorousinterventionsandresearchwillbeintegratedintoaccreditationstandardsandconsultationasdeemedappropriateandgenerallyapplicablebytheAccreditationCouncil.


Q2.9:CanIutilizemyinstitutionalororganizationalpoliciesandproceduresinsteadofcreatingadditionalpoliciesandproceduresforjusttheProgram?A2.9:Whiletherearesomeorganizationalpoliciesandproceduresthatcanbecross-referencedtoapplytothesimulationprogram,otherpoliciesandproceduresmustbedevelopedspecificallyfortheProgram.Programpoliciesandproceduresareexpectedtoaddressconfidentiality,complaintresolution,qualityimprovement,instructor/assessortrainingandevaluation,andvideoretentionspecifictothesimulationenvironmentencompassingallindividualsinvolvedwiththeProgram.Q2.10:WhatisaStrategicPlan?A2.10:Astrategicplanistheprocessofcomprehensive,integrativeprogramplanningthatconsidersthefutureofcurrentdecisions,overallpolicy,program/organizationdevelopmentandlinkstooperationalplans.Theprocessshouldalignwithandallowtheprogramtofulfillitsmissionandachieveitsvision.Allareasofaccreditationincludingcorestandards,assessment,research,teaching/education,andsystemsintegrationandpatientsafetyshouldbealignedwiththestrategicplanoftheProgram.Q2.11:Whatismeantbyprioritizationofprogramutilization?As.11:InalignmentwiththeProgram’smission/visionandstrategicplan;theProgramhasaprocessforprioritizingsimulationcourses,activities,andrequestsinasystematicmanner.Theprogramisabletodescribethisprocessandprovidedocumentationofprioritizationsmadethatfollowthedescribedprocess.Q2.12:WhatisSystemsIntegrationandcanyouprovideanexample?A2.12:Systemsintegrationincludesaligningorganizationalgoalsandsimulationactivities,withbidirectionalfeedback.Theseareexamplesofseveralwaysthatsimulationcanbeusedtosupportorganizationalgoalswhenintegratedintoabi-directionalprocess(e.g.usingafeedbackloop):

1.Simulationcanbeemployedtohelppeoplelearnorpracticemethodsthatcouldbehelpfulinattaininganorganizationalgoal,suchimprovingtheprocessofcentrallineaccessasmeansofreducingthenumberofhospital-acquiredinfections.Itisnotnecessarythatsimulationoccurasanisolatedintervention;itcouldbeacomponentofamulti-prongedeffort.

2.Simulationcouldbeusedasanintentionalin-situprobebeforeopeningneworrenovatedpatientcareunits,providingpracticetotheparticipantsaswellasinformationtotheorganizationtosupportimprovementsbeforeactualpatientcareoccursinthoseunits.


3.SimulationcontentcouldbebasedonSeriousSafetyEvents,precursorevents,pro-activeidentificationofpossiblelatenthazards,etc.

4.Systemhazardsorlatentconditionscouldbeidentifiedduringsimulations,andthatinformationprovidedtoappropriateorganizationalleadersforremediation.Identificationoftheseconditionscouldbeintentionallysought,orrecognizedserendipitously.

5.Virtual,tabletoporothertypesofsimulationscouldbeusedasacomponentofamodelingprocessintendedtobetterunderstandorimprovepatientflow,hospitalsystemsorotheraspectsofpatientcare.

6.Simulationscanbedesignedtocrosstheboundariesofmultiplepatientcareareas,disciplinesand/orsupportsystemssuchasasimulationwhichbeginsatthehelicopterlandingpad,andprogressesintotheED,includingtransportandsecurityofficersaswellashealthcareproviders.

AprogramcanbeconsideredforSystemsIntegrationaccreditation(seeglossary)ifitdemonstratesconsistent,planned,collaborative,integrated,anditerativeapplicationofsimulation-basedassessment,research,and/orteachingactivitieswithprocessimprovementandsafetyprinciplestoimproveclinicalcare,patientsafety,and/oroutcomemetricsacrossthehealthcaresystem(s).Q2.13:OurprogramwouldliketoapplyforaccreditationintheareaofAssessment,butatthistimeweonlyprovidemarketedcoursessuchasACLSandPALS.AreweeligibleforAccreditationinAssessment?A2.13:ApplicationforaccreditationinAssessmentwillbelimitedtothosecenterscreating,validating,and/orperforminghumanperformanceassessmentusingexplicit,preferablyvalidated,criteria.Assessmentleadershipandassessorsmusthavespecificandsubstantialtraining,expertise,anddemonstratedcompetencyintheartandscienceofhumanassessment.Assessmenttoolsmaybe(1)internallycreatedifjustifiedbyexpertpanelreviewor(2)definedbyprofessionalsocieties,licensingbodies,orcertificationorganizations.Externallycreatedstandardizedandmarketedcourses,andthestandardizedassessmenttoolsassociatedwithsuchcourses,willbeconsidered,butmaynotbesufficient,intheaccreditationofprogramsinAssessment.3.PROCESSESQ3.1:WillallPrograms-largeandsmall-beabletoaffordaccreditationifthefeesaresettofullycoverexpenses?WilltherebeanadequatenumberofReviewerstoreviewProgramsinatimelymannerifthereisarapiduptakeofSSHaccreditationinthesimulationcommunity?


A3.1:Itistheexpectationthatthecostwillbereasonablefortheservice.TheCouncilhadselected20additionalreviewersandtrainedthosereviewersinitiallyin2011withadditionalannualrequiredtraining.Q3.2:Requiring a site visit is an expensive element of an accreditation program. Is it necessary that it is included in the processes? A3.2:TheCouncilagreedthatitisimportanttodetermineanddocumentthevalueofon-sitevisits.Ingeneral,webelievethatthepurposeistoclarifyandverifythreeelements:(1)sitecharacteristics,byobservation(2)outcomes,byspeakingwithlearnersandobservingtrainingsessionsorvideosand(3)organizationalsupportandalignment,bymeetingwithkeyindividuals.Weareevaluatingourfindingstodeterminewhethertocontinuethisaspectofourprocess.Q3.3:Istheaccreditationdesignationtimelimited? A3.3:Theaccreditationdesignationislimitedto5yearswithproofofmaintenanceandimprovementviaanannualreport.Q3.4:HowdoestheAccreditationcommitteedevelopandimproveitsstandardsandprocesses?ThefollowingcommentwasreceivedbytheAccreditationCouncil:“Accreditingbodiesmusthaveprocessesfortheestablishment,reviewandrevisionoftheiraccreditationstandards,policiesandprocedures.BasedontheinformationprovideditisnotclearwhatprocessestheSSHisusingtoestablishitsaccreditationstandards,policiesandprocedures.AtaminimumtheSSHaccreditationprocessesshouldbewidelydistributedforreviewandcommentbythecommunityofinterest.”

A3.4:TheCouncilbelievesthatthisstatementistrueandweareconductingouractivitiesinaresponsibleandprofessionalmanner.TheDRAFTstandardswereestablishedbyexpertconsensus,includingexpertsinadultlearning,evaluation,simulationandaccreditation.CommentsandinputintothedevelopmentofthestandardsweresolicitedattheannualmeetingandbypostingtheDRAFTstandardsonthewebsiteandsolicitingcommentsfromthepublic.ThestandardswereagainrevisedfollowingcompletionofPhaseI,byexpertconsensus,reviewofdatacollectedduringtheinitialphase,andfeedbackfromprogramswhoparticipated.Q3.5:Isthereacourseororientationwecantakebeforeapplying?A3.5:Atthistime,SSHdoesnothavesuchacourse.ItispossiblethatSSHwill


developsuchaprograminthefuture. Q3.6:Howcantheorganizationusethestatementofaccreditation? A3.6:Basedonthepilotstudyfindings,theuseofthestatementofaccreditationwillbefurtherdefined,andaccreditedinstitutionsaswellasinterestedapplicantswillbeinformedofthepotentialuses.Q3.7:Whatisthedurationofaccreditation? A3.7:Threeyearswithannualself-studyreports. Q3.8:Ifmyprogramwasnotgrantedaccreditation,whencanwereapply?A3.8:AfteraperiodofoneyearfromBoardofReviewdecision Q3.9:WhatarethepossibleAccreditationdecisions? A3.10:“Accredited”or“NotAccredited.”Wewillorwillnotgrantaccreditation. Q3.11:Whatdothefeesinclude? A3.11:Thefeescoversurveyexpensesandallowforreinvestmentinthemissionofaccreditation.Inadditiontothestatedfees,theprogramisalsoresponsibleforreviewertravelexpenses.Q3.12:Isthereanappealprocessifmyprogramisdeniedaccreditation?A3.12:SSHhasdevelopedanappealprocessforprogramsthataredeniedaccreditation.Q3.13:CanIpayinEuros?A3.13:AlthoughSSHisaninternationalorganization,paymentsmayonlybemadeinUSdollarssincethebankutilizedbySSHresidesintheUnitedStates.4.REVIEWERS/SURVEYORS


Q4.1:Concernwasexpressedthattheprocessofaccreditationwouldreward“insiders”. A4.1:TheCouncilunderstandsthatthisconcernisnotatypicalforanygroupbeginningaccreditationand/orcertificationprocesses.Itistheexpressintentofeveryoneinvolvedintheprocessthatparticipation,objectivity,transparencyanddueprocesswillbebuiltintoSSH’saccreditationpolicies.CouncilmembershaverecusedtheirassociatedinstitutionsfromapplyingforaccreditationduringthePilotPhase,butwillbeeligibleforaccreditationinfutureyears.Sitereviewersmustsignaconflictofinterestattestingthereisnorealorperceivedconflictwhenperforminganon-sitereview.Innocircumstancewillasitereviewerorcouncilmemberbeinvolvedinthereviewoftheirassociatedinstitution.5.OTHERACCREDITINGORGANIZATIONSQ5.1:HowdowereconcileaccreditationbySSHwiththatofotherbodies?A5.1:Whilespecialtyordomainspecificrequirementswillcontinuetovarybyspecialty,SimulationasaspecialtyistherecognizedexpertiseofSSH.TheuniquevalueofaccreditationbySSHistherecognitionofsimulationexpertiseasopposedtodomainexpertise.TheaccreditationofasimulationprogrambySSHofferstobothinterprofessionalcentersandparentinstitutionstheadvantagesofeconomyofscale,wherebythe“commondenominator”ofexcellenceinaccreditedsimulation-basedprocessescanprovideimportantlocalstatureandwell-deservedcredibility.SSHisopenlywillingtocooperateandcoordinatewithspecialtyorganizationsinfacilitatingaconjointfunctionofaccreditationprocesses,suchthatduplicationofeffortsisavoidedwherepossible.SSHviewsaccreditationbythisorganizationasuniquelyvaluable,andabenchmarktowhicheverysimulationcentershouldaspireformanyreasons,includingthefollowing:• Theintegrationofsimulationintohealthcaresystemsandprocessesisincreasingandwillprogressivelybecomepartofthetraining,assessment,research,andprocessimprovementinfrastructureofalldisciplines,althoughatvaryingtrajectories.Overtime,becausealldisciplineswillvaluetheimpactofsimulation-basedprocesses,therewillbeanaturaltendencytobothcoordinateanddictatesimulation-relatedprocessesaccordingtoeachdiscipline’sperceivedneeds.Thismay,infact,includeaccreditation,potentiallyemergingfromeverydistinctdiscipline.• Logistically,itmaybecomeunwieldyandexpensiveforanyonesimulationcentertodevotetherequiredenergiestoobtainingcertificationinmanydistinctdisciplinesthroughentirelydifferentpathways.Strategically,foranyparentinstitution,itmaybefinanciallystressfulandadministrativelyinefficienttoallow


(orexpect)everydistinctdisciplinewithinitsspheretoacquireuniqueaccreditationstatus,disciplinebydiscipline.

Q5.2:Howdoweaddressthepotentialforaccreditationrequirementsthatconflictwithcurrentorfuturestandardsofotheraccreditingorganizations?ThefollowingcommentwasreceivedbytheAccreditationCouncil:“TheintroductiontotheSSHaccreditationstandardsstatesthataSimulationProgramisdefinedasan"organizationorgroupwithdedicatedresourceswhosemissionisspecificallytargetedtowardsimprovingpatientsafetyandoutcomesthroughassessment,research,advocacyandeducationusingsimulationtechnologiesandmethodologies"(referfirstpage,secondparagraph).TheCouncilonAccreditationofNurseAnesthesiaEducationalPrograms(COA)isconcernedifthisstatementmeansthatSSHwillspecificallyaccreditnurseanesthesiaprogramswithsimulationcentersandthatprogramsthatseekSSHaccreditationwillhavetomeetSSHeducationalrequirementsthatmayconflictwithCOArequirements.Whilethecurrentdraftstandardsareverygeneralthisalsoleavestherequirementsforcomplianceuptointerpretation.ItisalsoimportanttonotethatthestandardsaresubjecttofuturerevisionandmaybecomeproblematicifwhenrevisedtheyconflictwithCOArequirements.Tohelpaddresstheseconcernsa"SimulationProgram"needstobemoreclearlydefinedandastatementaddedthatdeferstheestablishmentofaspecializededucationalprograms'educationalrequirementstothespecializedaccreditingorganizationsuchastheCouncilonAccreditationofNurseAnesthesiaEducationalPrograms(COA)thatisrecognizedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEducation(USDE)andtheCouncilforHigherEducationAccreditation(CHEA)toaccreditnurseanesthesiaeducationalprograms.”A5.2:TheAccreditationCouncilbelievesthataccreditationbySSHprovidesauniquevalue(seeFAQ).Wedonotforeseeaconflictwiththestandardsofotherspecialtyaccreditingorganizations.Q5.3:AccreditationoftheSSHaccreditationprocess? A5.3:Webelieveitisappropriatetoseekrecognitionasanaccreditingorganization.


GlossaryofTermsforSSHAccreditation1. Accreditation–aprocesswherebyaprofessionalorganizationgrants

recognitiontoasimulationprogramfordemonstratedabilitytomeetpre-determinedcriteriaforestablishedstandards.

2. AccreditationCycle–theperiodfromprogramapplicationforaccreditationto

notificationofaccreditationstatus.Thisperiodincludes:reviewofinitialapplication,notificationofselectionforon-sitereview,on-sitereviewbySSH-SARTteam,BoardofReviewdeliberation,andnotificationoffinaldecisiontoprogram.TherewillbeoneAccreditationcycleperyear.

3. ART-S–acronymforAssessment,Research,Teaching/Education,andSystem

Integrationstandards.a. Assessment–Recognitionofprogramscreating,validating(beyond

faceandcontentvalidity),and/orperformingstandardsofhumanperformanceassessment.

b. Research–Recognitionofprogramsactivelyinvolvedindatagathering,analysis,anddisseminationofknowledgeforadvancingthescienceofsimulation.

c. Teaching/Education–Recognitionofprogramsforregular,recurringactivitieswithdefinedcurriculaandongoingvalidationthatemployssimulationmethodologiesappropriateforlearningobjectivestoinstruct,teach,ortrainparticipantsforformativeintegrationofcognitive,procedural,andattitudinalgoals.Theprogramwillbeabletodemonstrateeffectivenessoftheircurriculum.

d. SystemsIntegration–Recognitionofprogramswhodemonstrateconsistent,planned,collaborative,integrated,anditerativeapplicationofsimulation-basedassessment,research,andteachingactivitieswithsystemsengineeringandriskmanagementprinciplestoachieveexcellentbedsideclinicalcare,enhancedpatientsafety,andimprovedoutcomemetricsacrossthehealthcaresystem(s).

4. Assessor–apersonwhoperformsstandardsofhumanperformanceassessment.Assessorsmusthavespecificandsubstantialtraining,expertise,anddemonstratedcompetencyintheartandscienceofhumanassessment.


5. Bestpractice–anideathatassertsthatthereisatechnique,method,process,

activity,incentive,orrewardthatismoreeffectiveatdeliveringaparticularoutcomethananyothertechnique,method,process,etc.Theideaisthatwithproperprocesses,checks,andtesting,adesiredoutcomecanbedeliveredwithfewerproblemsandunforeseencomplications.Bestpracticescanalsobedefinedasthemostefficient(leastamountofeffort)andeffective(bestresults)wayofaccomplishingatask,basedonrepeatableproceduresthathaveproventhemselvesovertimeforlargenumbersofpeople.

6. Biosketch–abriefsummaryofone’sprofessional/educationaccomplishments,

publications,andaffiliations.Abiosketchisanabbreviatedcurriculumvitaemeanttohighlightimportantaspectsoftraining,education,experience,andprofessionalinterest.

7. Certification–theprocessthroughwhichanorganizationgrantstoan

individualwhomeetscertainestablishedcriteriaandeligibilityrequirements.Certificationisavoluntaryprocess.

8. Complaint–acomplaint,asdefinedforthepurposesofaccreditation,isany

writtenorverbalcomplaintrelated(butnotlimited)tocoursedelivery,educatorconduct,programmanagement,roomdesign/comfort,andlearnertolearnermisconduct.Acomplaintcanbemadebyanypersonassociatedwiththesimulationprogramincludinglearners,educators,assessors,andtechnicalspecialists.

9. ComplaintResolutionProcess(forprograms)–aformalprocessdesignedto

maintainopencommunicationbetweenallmembersandlearnersofasimulationprogram.Theexpressionofsatisfactionordissatisfactionisanimportantopportunitytoimprovequalityofaprogram.Acomplaintresolutionprocessmustincludetheprocedureforinvestigatingcomplaints,managingcomplaints,providingfeedback,andimplementationofmeasuresforimprovement.

10. Compliance–describesthegoalthatprogramsseektomeetormaintainthe

standardsandpoliciessetforthbytheCouncilforAccreditationofHealthcareSimulationPrograms.

11. ConfidentialityProcedure(Learnerspecific)–aprocedurethatmaintainsthe

confidentialityoflearnerswhileengagedinasimulation-relatedactivity.Theproceduremustaddressprocedurestopreventthedisclosureofinformationrelatedtolearnerperformancetounauthorizedindividualsorsystems.

12. ContentExpert–awell-establishedindividualwithsubstantiveexpertiseinthe

relatedtopicareaandservesasaconsultant.


13. CoreInstructors/Educators/Staff/Faculty–thoseindividualsthatare

intricatelyandroutinelyinvolvedinthesimulationeducationcurriculumandthatareresponsibleforthecontent,implementation,andevaluationofthecurriculum.

14. CoreStandards–thefundamentaloperationalstandardsthatunderpinthe

successofaProgram.Therearestandardsassociatedwithfive(5)elementsthatallProgramsmustmeetregardlessofthespecificareainwhichtheyareapplyingforaccreditation.TheCoreStandardsare:(1)Mission&Governance,(2)Organization&Management,(3)Facilities,Technology,SimulationModalities,andHumanResources(4)Evaluation&Improvement,(5)Integrity,(6)Security,and(7)ExpandingtheField

15. Course–adesignedactivityinvolvingtheuseofsimulationthathasbeen

developedusingsimulationmethodologywithidentifiablegoals,objectives,andoutcomes.

16. Curriculum–acompleteprogramoflearningrelatedtosimulationthatincludes

identified/desiredresults,adesignforincorporationofsimulationintoeducationalactivities,andsuggestedmethodsofassessmentforevaluation.

17. CurriculumVitae(CV)–awrittendescriptionofone’sworkexperience,

educationbackground,professional/organizationalaffiliations,andprofessionalaccomplishments.ACVismorecomprehensiveanddetailedthanatraditionalresume.

18. Debriefing–aformal,reflectivestageinthesimulationlearningprocess.

Debriefingisaprocesswherebyeducatorsandlearnersre-examinethesimulationexperienceandfostersthedevelopmentofclinicaljudgmentandcriticalthinkingskills.Itisdesignedtoguidelearnersthroughareflectiveprocessabouttheirlearning.

19. Deliberation–TheCouncilforAccreditationofHealthcareSimulationPrograms

willassessapplicationsforcompliancewiththeAccreditationStandards.Thisprocesswillincludeareviewoftheapplicationassubmittedaswellasthefindingsfromthereviewteams.TheAccreditationReviewersandBoardofReviewwillmeetinclosedsessiontoreviewapplications.

20. Educator–aspecialistinthetheoryandpracticeofsimulationeducationwho

hastheresponsibilityfordeveloping,managing,and/orimplementingeducationalactivities.

21. EligibleforAccreditation–Tobeeligibleforaccreditation,programsmustbe

inexistenceforatleast2yearsoverallandatleast2yearsforeachareafor


whichaccreditationisrequested.Inaddition,programsmustdemonstratethattheymeetthecorestandardsofaccreditation.

22. Evidence-based–Educationalmaterialsormethodsthathavebeenproven

throughrigorousevaluationandresearchwillbeintegratedintoaccreditationstandardsandconsultationasdeemedappropriateandgenerallyapplicablebytheCouncilforAccreditationofHealthcareSimulationPrograms.

23. ExperientialLearning–theprocessoflearningthroughdirectexperience.

Experientiallearninginvolvesthelearneractivelyparticipatingintheexperience,learnerreflectionontheexperience,useofanalyticalskillstoconceptualizetheexperience,andtheuseofdecision-makingandproblem-solvingskillstogainnewideasfromtheexperience.

24. Facilitator–anindividualthathelpsbringaboutanoutcomebyproviding

indirectassistance,guidanceorsupervision25. Formativeassessment–aprocessfordeterminingthecompetenceofaperson

engagedinahealthcareactivityforthepurposeofprovidingconstructivefeedbackforthatpersontoimprove.

26. Governance-Governanceencompassestheresponsibilityforsecuringthelong

termsustainabilityofthesimulationprogram;assuringthatitfulfillsitsobligationstoitsconstituentsandthatitismeetingitsdesiredmissionandvision.Governancealsoincludessupportingtheprioritiesandstrategicdirectionofthesimulationprogram.

27. HighStakesAssessment-Ahigh-stakesassessmentisonehavingimportant

consequencesforthetesttaker,andservesasthebasisofamajordecision.Passingisassociatedwithimportantbenefits,suchassatisfactionofalicensureand/orcertificationrequirement,ormeetingacontingencyforemployment.Failingtoohasimportantconsequences,suchasbeingrequiredtotakeremedialclassesuntiltheassessmentcanbepassed,orbeingbannedfrompracticewithinacertaindisciplineordomain.Thus,highstakesassessmentisonethat:●isasingle,definedassessment(perhapswithcomponentsubunits)●hascleardistinctionbetweenthosewhopassandthosewhofail●hasdirectconsequencesforpassingorfailing(something"atstake").

28. HybridSimulationMethodologies–theuseofacombinationoftypesofsimulationthatintegratestheuseofsimulatorsandstandardizedhumanpatientsimulatorsinasimulationevent.

29. Integrity–aprogramisconsideredtohaveintegrityifitisconsistentinits

mission,actions,values,methods,measures,principles,expectations,andoutcomes.


30. Interprofessional–whenstudentsfromtwoormoredifferentprofessions

learnfromandabouteachothertoimprovecollaborationandthequalityofcare.Althoughthistermmaybeassociatedwithmulti-disciplinaryandmulti-specialtylearning;interprofessional,forthepurposesofthisdocument,isdistinguishedfrommultidisciplinary(theactofjoiningtwoormoredisciplineswithoutintegration)andinterdisciplinary(connectingandintegratingschoolsofprofessionswiththeirspecificperspectives,tocompleteatask).

31. LearnerContactHour–aunitofmeasurementthatdescribesoneperson

participatingfor60minutesinanorganizedlearningactivitythatiseitherdidacticorclinicalexperiencerelatedtosimulation

32. Medical/Clinical/ProgramDirector–anindividualwhooverseesthedaily

operationofasimulationprogram.Thismayincludethedevelopment,implementation,andassessmentofthesimulationprogram.Thedirectoroverseesthepersonnel,budgetary,andregulatoryconcernsandisaccountablefortheoveralladministrationoftheprogram.

33. Moulage–theartofapplyingmockinjuriesormanifestationsofabnormal

medicationconditionstoincreasetheperceivedrealismofasimulation.34. Program–WhileSSHunderstandsthedifferenceinterminologyfrom

organizationtoorganization;forthepurposesofthisdocument,anysimulationcenterorserviceisreferredtoasa“program”.Thisrequiresutilizationofsimulationforhealthcareeducation,assessmentand/orresearchwithdedicatedpersonnelanddefinedsimulationcurriculum.Seesimulationprograminhealthcare

35. Realism–theabilitytoimpartthesuspensionofdisbelieftothelearnerby

creatinganenvironmentthatmimicsthatofthelearner’sworkenvironment.Realismincludestheenvironment,simulatedpatient,andactivitiesoftheeducators,assessors,and/orfacilitators.

36. ResearchExpertise–whenanindividualdemonstratesextensiveknowledgein

simulationthroughresearchasevidencedbymultiplepublicationsofrigorousstudiesutilizingsimulation.

37. Simulation–atechniquethatusesasituationorenvironmentcreatedtoallow

personstoexperiencearepresentationofarealeventforthepurposeofpractice,learning,evaluation,testing,ortogainunderstandingofsystemsorhumanactions.Simulationistheapplicationofasimulatortotrainingand/orassessment.


38. SimulationCenter–entitywithdedicatedinfrastructureandpersonnelwheresimulationcoursesareconducted.AcentermaysupportseveralSimulationPrograms.

39. SimulationExpert(Educator)–anindividualwhohasdemonstratedexpertise

insimulationeducation,curriculumdesign,implementation,andevaluationthroughyearsofexperience.

40. SimulationExpertise–anindividualwhoisregardedinthecommunityasan

expertinsimulationthroughyearsofexperienceorresearchexpertiseandoftenactsasaconsultantormentorforotherindividualsinthecommunity

41. SimulationFidelity–thephysical,contextual,cognitive,andemotionalrealism

thatallowspersonstoexperienceasimulationasiftheywereoperatinginanactualactivity.

42. SimulationGuideline–arecommendationofthequalitiesforsimulation

fidelity,simulationvalidity,simulationprogram,orforformativeorsummativeevaluation.

43. SimulationPrograminHealthcare–anorganizationorgroupwithdedicated

resourceswhosemissionisspecificallytargetedtowardsimprovingpatientsafetyandoutcomesthroughassessment,research,advocacy,andeducationusingsimulationtechnologiesandmethodologiesincludingformalworkshops,courses,classes,orotheractivitythatusesasubstantialcomponentofsimulationasatechnique.Aformalsworkshop,course,class,orotheractivitythatusesasubstantialcomponentofsimulationasatechnique.

44. SimulationStandard–astatementoftheminimumrequirementsfor

simulationfidelity,simulationvalidity,simulationprogram,orforformativeorsummativeevaluation.

45. SimulationValidity–thequalityofasimulationorsimulationprogramthat

demonstratesthattherelationshipbetweentheprocessanditsintendedpurposeisspecific,sensitive,reliable,andreproducible.

46. Simulator–anyobjectorrepresentationusedduringtrainingorassessment

whichbehavesoroperateslikeagivensystemandrespondstotheuser’sactions.

47. SSH-SART–SocietyforSimulationinHealthcareSimulationAccreditation

ReviewTeam.EachsitebeingsurveyedforaccreditationshallundergoasurveyprocessunderthereviewofaSSH-SARTgroup.


48. SubstantialProgramChange–ASubstantialprogramchangeisonethataffectsthemission/vision,structure,organizationalleadership,functionality,policies/procedures,and/ortheorganizationalchart(s)oftheProgram.AllsubstantialprogramchangesshouldbereporttotheManagerofAccreditation.

49. Standardized(Human)PatientSimulation–simulationusingapersonor

personstrainedtoportrayapatientscenario,oractualpatient(s)forhealthcareeducationinbothskillsandcommunicationandhealthcareassessment.

50. StandardizedPatient–anindividualwhoistrainedtoactasarealpatientin

ordertosimulateasetofsymptomsorproblemsusedforhealthcareeducation,evaluation,andresearch.

51. SteeringCommittee–acommitteecomposedofhigh-levelstakeholderswho

provideguidanceonkeyissues,marketingstrategies,resourceallocationandoverallprogrampoliciesandobjectives.

52. StrategicPlan–theprocessofcomprehensive,integrativeprogramplanning

thatconsidersthefutureofcurrentdecisions,overallpolicy,program/organizationdevelopmentandlinkstooperationalplans.Theprocessshouldalignwithandallowtheprogramtofulfillitsmissionandachieveitsvision.

53. SummativeEvaluation–aprocessfordeterminingthecompetenceofaperson

engagedinahealthcareactivityforthepurposeofcertifyingwithreasonablecertaintythattheyareabletoperformthatactivityinpractice.

54. SystemsEngineering–aninterdisciplinaryfieldofengineeringfocusingon

howcomplexprojectsshouldbedesignedandmanaged.Logistics,coordinationofdifferentteams,modeling,automaticcontrolofmachinery,andhumanfactorsbecomemorechallengingwhendealingwithcomplexandhigh-stakeshealthcareprovision.Thisfielddevelopsandassesseswork-processesandtools(includingsimulation)tohandlesuchprojects,andoverlapswithbothtechnicalandhuman-centereddisciplines.

55. Task-Trainer–trainingmodelsutilizedtoteachorpracticeaspecificskill.

Examplesincludeintravenouslinearms,intra-osseouslinelegs,intubationheads,andcentralvenouslinechests.

56. TechnicalSpecialist–anindividualwhoprovidestechnologicalexpertiseand

instructionalsupportforasimulationprogram.Thisincludes,butisnotlimitedto,dailyoperationsofthesimulationlab,maintenanceofequipment,managementoflabsupplies,managementofsimulators,programresponsibilityofsimulators,andcollaborationwithfacultyandstaff.