SPINAL ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS
Dr A Verma
ANATOMY
• Bone– Column– Regional
• Intervertebral Disc• Joints• Ligaments• Muscles
• Body• Neural arch• Bony processes
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC• Location• Structure• Function• Total – 23 discs• ¼ th of the spinal
column's length• Avascular • Nutrients diffuse
through end plates
DISC STRUCTURE
• Nucleus• Annulus• End plates
DISC FUNCTION
• Separation• Mobility
JOINTS
THREE JOINT COMPLEX• Intervertebral Joint• Facet Joints
LIGAMENTS
MUSCLES
• Back muscles• Accessory muscles
SPINAL SEGMENT
FUNCTIONAL SPINAL UNIT
BIOMECHANICS OF SPINE
CARDINAL MOVEMENTS• Flexion-extension• Compression• Axial rotation• Lateral flexion
Types of motion
FLEXION - EXTENSION• Two components– Sagittal rotation - 6 - 10°– Resisted by• Annulus• Facets• Ligaments
•Back Muscles– Translation - 2mm– Resisted by• Facets• Annulus
COMPRESSION
• Underestimated!!!!• Produced by– Body weight– Back muscles
AXIAL ROTATION
• No primary rotators• Range - < 3°• Resisted by – Facets– annulus
SUMMARY
THANK YOU
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