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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
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NUR H FIZ BINTI JUNINOR H SIM BT BD ZIZIN ID YU BT HM DNUR DIL F TEEN BT NG HNUR IN SYUH D BT JOH RI
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Small Groups:
Have A Limited Number OfMembers
3 To 12
Have A Specific Purpose ForMeeting
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Problem-solving Small
Group Formed To Solve A Particular
Problem
Involves Many Skills Similar ToThose In Public Speaking
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
To Be Productive, A SmallGroup Needs EffectiveLeadership
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Kinds OfLeadership
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
No Specific Leader
Any Member Of The Group CanProvide Leadership
At Times, Every Member Of
The Group Will FulfillLeadership Roles
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Implied Leader
Might Have Highest Rank InThe Group
May Have Most Experience &Expertise On The Topic
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Emergent Leader
People Who, By Personality Or
Ability, Assume LeadershipRoles
Ideally, Will Help The Group
Achieve Its Objectives
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Designated Leader
Assigned Or Elected
Formal Committees Normally
Have A Designated Leader AsChairperson
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
3 Kinds OfLeadership
Needs
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Procedural
Needs Housekeeping
Needs Of The
Group
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Procedural Needs Include: Organizing
Meetings, Setting Agendas,Taking Notes, PreparingHandouts, Etc. Handled By A DesignatedLeader Or Designated To A
Number Of GroupMembers
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Task NeedsSubstantiveActions ThatHelp The GroupComplete ItsProject
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Task NeedsInclude: Analyzing IssuesFacing The Group, Collecting
Information, Keeping TheGroup On Task, Helping TheGroup Reach Consensus, Etc.
If These Needs Are Not Met,The Group Will Not BeSuccessful
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Maintenance Needs
Include: Creating A SupportiveEnvironment, Managing Conflict
Among Group Members, Helping
Group Members Feel GoodAbout Accomplishments, Etc.
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
FiveResponsibilities Of
Group Membership
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Commit YourselfTo The Goals OfThe Group
Align Personal GoalsWith Group GoalsHidden Agendas
Can Be ExtremelyDamaging To GroupProgress
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HiddenAgenda
A set ofunstatedindividualgoals
that mayconflict withthe goals ofthe group as a
whole.
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Fulfill IndividualAssignmentsOne Advantage Of Working InA Group Is Division Of LaborGroup Effectiveness Depends
Upon Individuals FulfillingSpecific Assignments
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
No Matter What Other
Assignments EachMember Has, The MostVital Is Listening
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Effective Listening PreventsConfusion
Effective ListeningAllows EachGroup Member To Evaluate The
Ideas Of Other Group MembersEffective Listening Establishes A
Positive Climate For Discussion
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Avoid Interpersonal Conflicts
Personal DisagreementsDecrease Group EffectivenessDisagreements Within A GroupShould Be Kept On Task Level,Rather Than On A PersonalLevel
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Encourage FullParticipation In The GroupListen Attentively To OtherGroup Members
Invite Quiet Members To SpeakOffer Supportive Comments ToOther Members
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Keep The Groups DiscussionOn Track
Make Sure The Discussion IsProceeding In An Orderly FashionFrom One Issue To Another
Make Sure The Group Does NotMake Hasty Or Ill - ConsideredDecisions
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
The Reflective-Thinking Method
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
An Effective 5 - Step MethodFor Organizing DiscussionIn Problem - Solving Small
Groups
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Define The Problem Phrase It As A Question
Of Policy
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
4 Guidelines: Make The Question As Clear
& Specific As Possible Allow For A Wide Variety Of
Answers Avoid Biased Or Slanted
Questions Pose Only A Single Question
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Make the QuestionClear and Specific
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Ineffective:
What should be done aboutfraudulent?
More Effective:What should the federal governmentdo to control the activities offraudulent financial institutions?
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Analyze The ProblemPay Special Attention To
2 Questions: How Severe Is The
Problem? What Are The Causes
Of The Problem?
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Establish Criteria For The
SolutionA Vital Means For The Group ToJudge The Appropriateness And
Practicality Of PotentialSolutions
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Generate PotentialSolutions
Goal: To Come Up With TheWidest Range Of Solutions
Create AMaster List Of AllPotential Solutions
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Select The Best SolutionAssess Each Potential SolutionIn Light Of The EstablishedCriteria
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Select The Best SolutionTry To Reach ConsensusConsensus Decisions UsuallyResult In Superior
Decisions And IncreasedUnityWithin The Group
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Presenting TheRecommendations Of TheGroup
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Written ReportA paper
presenting thefindings,conclusions,decisions, etc. of asmall group.
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Oral ReportMuch The Same ContentWise To The Written
ReportDelivered By OneMember Of The Group
Should Be ApproachedLike Any Other Speech
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
SymposiumConsists Of A
Moderator AndSeveral Speakers
Seated In Front OfAn Audience
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
SymposiumModerator Introduces The TopicAnd The Speakers
Each Speaker Delivers A
Prepared Speech On One AspectOf The Topic
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Symposium
Should Be Carefully Prepared ToCover All Important Aspects OfThe Groups Project
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Panel DiscussionEssentially A Conversation InFront Of An Audience
Moderator Introduces ThePanelists An Keeps TheDiscussion On Track
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SPEAKING IN SMALLGROUPS
Panel DiscussionPanelists Speak Briefly,Informally, & Impromptu
Requires Serious PreparationStudy TopicMap Out IdeasEstablish Agenda ForDiscussion
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The End
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