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B
AS ndn u itt r tr te ie
R ult f t ind e d t x mi ation yt Pl ni g I ctor t ( tob 2 0 ).
BSpace Syntax spatial accessibility mapWindsor and Maidenhead.
It is widely acknowledgedthat a better approach isneeded to the preparationof LDF documents.Over a quarter of allCore Strategies have
either been withdrawn orjudged unsound by thePlanning Inspectorate.
The UrbanValueapproach developed bySpace Syntax plugs thegaps in knowledge andengagement that thePlanning Inspectoratehas highlighted.
How do we meet your needs?
With the help of our unique and powerful
UrbanValue toolkit for Local Spatial
Planning, we will coach you on how
to understand the essential spatial
characteristics of your area the factors
that make it truly unique and help you
to make an informed, convincing,
and effective response to these
characteristics in your Local DevelopmentFramework.
The UrbanValue toolkit focuses on the
fundamental way that spatial layouts
influence social, economic and
environmental outcomes. UrbanValue
helps create planning documents that truly
account for the likely impact of spatial
planning policy on issues including land
values, rental incomes, retail performance,
pedestrian and cyclist movement,
social performance and crime patterns.
These outcomes represent direct andindirect returns on public and private
investment.
What is your challenge?
Local Planning Authorities are facing
substantial challenges in the Local
Development Framework process:
risk of failing to meet the regulatory
requirements and aspirations set out
in PPS 12 and not passing the Planning
Inspectorates test of soundness
risk of failing to raise spatial planning
to a corporate level and not making the
case for the benefits of spatial planning
in helping to deliver the Sustainable
Community Strategys aspirations
e.g. healthy, safe and prosperous
communities
risk of failing to effectively deliver
results to communities: producing
planning documents that are not fit for
purpose, cannot easily be monitored
and cannot be understood and appliedby Development Management and
Development Control officers.
A
unsound
withdrawn
sound
under examination
Local Spatial PlanningA new, evidence-based approach
18%
14%
10%58%
WindsorWindsor
EghamEgham
BracknellBracknell
WokinghamWokingham
SloughSloughMaidenheadMaidenhead
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Town Centre Spatial StrategyA robust spatial evidence basefor the Core Strategy of the London
Borough of Tower Hamlets.DSpatial typologiesA visualisation of the spatial
characteristics of different types of towncentres in the London Borough of TowerHamlets.
C
Space Syntax 2010
Local Spatial Planning A new, evidence-based approach
D
What are the features?
UrbanValue is based on a unique,
evidence-based methodology developed
during more than twenty years of empirical
research.
The methodology quickly generates
real-time information on the spatialcharacteristics of the district and its
constituent parts.
UrbanValue works at both a strategic and
detailed level for Core Strategies, Area
Action Plans, Supplementary Planning
Documents, masterplans and design/
development briefs that make up an LDF.
The toolkit delivers visual information
that is easy to understand.
The methodology provides objectiveevaluations and rankings of alternative
options and their likely outcomes, even in
the early planning stages.
What will we deliver?
We provide coaching in understanding
and harnessing the effects of spatial
layout, delivered through workshops and
team meetings. Our clients find value in
Space Syntax acting as a critical friend,
providing feedback on spatial policy drafts.
We create reporting material
comprising analysis, conclusions and
recommendations, in a colourful, easily
understandable graphic format, including
numerous maps and diagrams.
We make presentations to stakeholder
groups at consultations and other key
events. We build bridges between
different interest groups within and
outside the Council by showing in
collaborative workshops how people can
unite around the issue of space.
What are the benefits?
Using the UrbanValue toolkit, Space
Syntax provides Local Authorities with an
effective framework for Local Spatial
Planning.
Local Spatial Planning is a requirement
for Local Planning Authorities who mustproduce planning documents that meet
the Planning Inspectorates tests of
soundness and the guidance set out in
PPS 12.
With Space Syntax support, Local
Planning Authorities have the ability to
verify and support their decisions
in consultations and negotiations with
stakeholders, especially community groups
and developers.
UrbanValue gives Local Authority staff,executives, and councillors confidence
that their strategies are achievable and
worth achieving.
An evidence-based toolkitUrbanValue is the product of over20 years research and practice in thefield of spatial planning.
We realised Space Syntax were light years ahead ofeverybody else. This scheme will last for 200 years.We need the best and the best is what weve got.Councillor John Jowers, Colchester Borough Council
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Spatial AnalysisA spatial accessibility model ofOxford West End used to test
different alignments of OxpensRoad.
FSpatial Vision
A spatial vision diagram forCroydon highlighting keyrecommendations to increasethe vitality and viability of theMetropolitan Centre.
E F
Tried and tested throughout the UKUrbanValue delivers successful policyoutcomes, creating culture shifts inlocal planning systems.
3
What does it cost?
The UrbanValue toolkit is flexible to apply,
so we can address your needs while
working to your budget. Prices are driven
by the number of analytical components
required and by certain features of the
district such as size, population, number of
town centres.
In terms of reporting material, we can
deliver a full report, or for significant
savings in price an information
pack comprising graphic material and
explanatory text. We work to industry-
standard file formats so that our work is
ready for inclusion in your own or another
consultants report.
Example costs, for illustration purposes
only:
A Spatial Baseline Analysis for a small
Local Authority, delivered as an information
pack, would cost in the range of 10K-
12K.
A town centre study for a medium-sized
authority, comprising a Spatial Baseline
Analysis; a partial Urban Character
Analysis; Thematic Spatial Analyses for
employment, retail, social services, and
transport infrastructure; and an Alternate
Strategies Assessment, delivered in an
information pack, would cost in the range
of 40K- 50K.
A combined town centre and public health
study for a large authority, comprising all of
the above and Thematic Spatial Analyses
for health services, green space,
and leisure and recreation facilities,
delivered as a full report, would cost in the
range of 100K- 125K.
Why Space Syntax?
Space Syntax provides a unique,
evidence-based and industry-leading
approach to the planning and design of
buildings and urban areas. Combining
technology, ability and extensive global
experience, we target the social and
economic value that good planning anddesign bring.
We show how value can be created
through the analysis, understanding and
skilful manipulation of space. We are
expert, independent and widely respected
for the support we provide to public, private
and community-based decision makers.
Our work has been labelled innovative by
the Planning Inspectorate and we have
been selected for the Spatial Planning
Framework by the Planning AdvisoryService (PAS).
The UrbanValue toolkit has been
developed as part of a Government-
funded knowledge exchange program
UrbanBuzz: Building Sustainable
Communities in the South East, in
partnership with over 20 public, private,
higher education and voluntary sector
organisations, including The Home Office,
CABE, SEEDA, EEDA, UEL, UCL, GLA
Economics, Savills Research, Colin
Buchanan and JMP.
Well-informed decisionsin place-making areessential for buildingsustainable communitiesand as such the impactof Space Syntax issignificant.Dr Carol Dair, DirectorOxford Institute ofSustainable Development
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Ah l r t n tr
A l c under v lo m n p ss refr he Ciit of n ont he s ,, an als inne d f pgra d
s r ic s f lo l o mu iities.
B
Town Centre VisionUsing spatial accessibility techniques to identifycommercial growth potentials in Bethnal Green.
Our contribution
Our Spatial Baseline provided a detailedanalysis of the interaction of three keydrivers of town centre success: spatialaccessibility, urban design and land use.The analysis uncovered:
a strong correlation between spatialaccessibility, residential density and thelevel of expenditure in different town
centres
a lack of connectivity between somelocal centres and their surroundings
the direct impact of urban form on thecharacter, land use and ultimate viabilityof the town centres.
On the basis of this evidence, weled an exercise to develop a SpatialVision for the key town centres. Theexercise involved an extended group ofstakeholders to ensure that the TownCentre Spatial Strategy was realistic,deliverable, and closely aligned with theemerging Core Strategy.
The challenge
Tower Hamlets appointed Space Syntaxto help develop a Town Centre SpatialStrategy. Although the boroughs towncentres have benefited from the growthof London in the last fifteen years, theycurrently face significant challenges:
The City Fringe area has come undersignificant pressure from the City, which
has placed further pressure on theexisting urban form and the residentialcommunities in the area. The demandsof different stakeholders need to bereconciled.
The growth of Canary Wharf hascontributed significantly to the economicand social transformation of the boroughover the past decade. Success of thisdistrict must continue to contribute to thewell-being of local people.
Smaller town centres in the boroughprovide key local services to deprivedneighbourhoods. These centresmust also be developed so they canshare responsibility for delivering theaspirations set out in the CommunityPlan.
A
Town Centre Spatial StrategyTower Hamlets
Case study 1
S
100 200 500m0
1
C
C
M
4
3
2
5
5
City FringeActivity Area
Weavers Field
Allen Gardens
Haggerston Park
ThreeColts
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Cambridg
eHeath
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biaRoa
d
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oad
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eet
OldB
ethnalG
reenR
oad
BethnalG
reenRoa
d
Brick
Lane
VallanceRoad
Bethnal Green
BethnalGreen
ShoreditchHigh Street
ClientLondon Borough of Tower Hamlets
PartnersRenaisi, Roger Tym & Partners
Duration2008-09
Key features of this projectSpatial BaselineSpatial Vision
Stakeholder Consultation
Space Syntax 2010
Local Spatial Planning A new, evidence-based approach
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Designated town centresAnalysis of the walkable urban context from eachtown centre, with under-served areas in black.
Planning Policy now has confidence thatthe Town Centre Spatial Strategy will standup to scrutiny at inspection.
Development Control has a set ofclearly articulated policy documents andsupporting evidence to inform their work inthe planning application process.
Service providers (health, police,libraries) can plan to deliver serviceswhere they will be more accessible toresidents and, in so doing, achieve betteroutcomes.
Working with Space Syntax, TowerHamlets has created a new, morespatial approach to Local DevelopmentFrameworks that has been identified asbest practice by CABE, English Heritage,Urban Design London and the GovernmentOffice for London (GOL).
The benefits
The Spatial Baseline showed, in aneasily understandable way, how complexissues such as movement patterns, retailsuccess, and anti-social behavior issuesthat are normally treated separately interrelate through the medium of space.
In so doing, it unlocked a new, holisticway of thinking in the borough, enabling
planners to:
comprehend how the borough worksas a whole and how its component partsinterrelate
understand the effects of recentchanges and confidently forecast thelikely impact of future proposals
iteratively test alternative visions forindividual town centres and assess theirpotential outcomes.
Through close workingwith Space Syntax wevedeveloped the ability tolocate services wherepeople that need them canmore easily get to them.In helping us to think trulyspatially, Space Syntax hasinitiated a culture change atTower Hamlets.Neil Double,Development Plan Team
Leader, London Boroughof Tower Hamlets
5
CLocal spatial accessibility analysisShowing opportunities for viable and vital towncentres throughout the borough.
D
C
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UrbanValuetoolkitEvidence, analysis & strategic design components
Space Syntax 2010
Local Spatial Planning A new, evidence-based approach
Urban space-form
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Urban grain/block size Metric catchment
Visual analysis Building frontage
Space-form/function relationships
Understanding the vitality of town centres
Explaining movement and space use
Profiling the performance of urban places
Identifying spatial infl
uences on crime patterns
Movement flow
Pedestrian behaviourLand use and land value
Anti-social behaviour
Urban functioning
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Components
The UrbanValue toolkit is component-
based, allowing applications to be
built around the particular needs and
budgets of commissioning bodies.
Spatial baseline analysis
Spatial Accessibility
Urban characterisation
Land Use
Pedestrian Activity
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Public realm character
Thematic spatial analysis
Access to Employment
Access to Retail
Access to Social Services
Access to Health Services
Access to Education
Access to Green Space
Access to Leisure and Recreation Facilities
Access to Transport Infrastructure
Vision development & evaluation
Strategic planning & design visioning
Public realm design strategy
Impact on spatial accessibility
Impact on access to amenities
Impact on urban performance
Impact on urban characterisation
Impact on access to amenities
7
Evidence-based planning & design
Colchester, Masterplan
Nottingham, Old Market Square
London, Elephant & Castle Southern Junction
London, Trafalgar Square
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B
Af d
Th S ati l i i n r p ed f xford e t n ..
BOxpens RoadDue to its lack of active landuse and poor
pedestrian environment, the existing conditionof Oxpen Road is a hostile environment forpedestrians to walk along.
C
St. GilesSt.Giles is an exampler in achieving a balancebetween vehicluar and pedestrian movement.
A
Area Action PlanOxford West End
ClientOxfordshire County Council
Duration2006
Key features of this projectUrban Baseline StudyQualitative Baseline AssessmentSpatial Vision
The Council had doubts about theviability of the expensive preferredoption involving the rerouting of a majorroad but no evidence to back up itsconcerns.
We were asked to pay particular attentionto issues of public realm, public spaceand open space issues, and to suggest
measures for promoting walking andcycling.
The challenge
Oxfordshire County Council appointedSpace Syntax to evaluate the spatialimpacts of the preferred option of the AreaAction Plan (AAP) for Oxfords West End.
The County Council along with the CityCouncil and Cherwell Valley College hadhigh aspirations for the area, which hadbeen undergoing regeneration through
heritage-led development. Unfortunately,the process was suffering from conflictingstakeholder interest; the area wasalso burdened by severance related toretail servicing and access to major carparks and a range of other infrastructuralproblems.
AR i d pr o al
Di ram sum ri in th lin ag n t or id ntifi th s ti l cessibility n lysis.
BOxpens Road
Currently a hostile pedestrian and cyclingenvironment but, by virtue of its alignment,a potentially significant movement route.
C
St GilesAchieving a balance between different modes andscales of movement.
Space Syntax 2010
Local Spatial Planning A new, evidence-based approach
Case study 2
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E
DS tial ces ibilit - initi l A p o salAn lysis o hei itii l AP pr s l hii hli htin
k c ssi iliity n ens o d.
ESpatial accessibility - Space Syntax alternativeKeeping the existing alignment of Oxpens Roadcreates higher levels of overall accessibility, which
are more likely to promote walking and cyclingjourneys.
D
t i
Our contribution
Our analysis showed that the proposedoption would not deliver the expectedoutcome and that the area would be betterserved by a series of more cost-effectiveinterventions, including:
soft layout improvements and a lessintrusive approach to landscape design
a new public space in a strategiclocation
a scheme for creating campus-stylebuildings for the College that wouldintegrate with the rest of the citycentre
increased access to natural amenities.
The benefits
Space Syntax led an iterative processof concept evolution and negotiationthrough workshops for stakeholders anddesigners. These workshops served as acatalyst for the group to work togethermore effectively, to recognise the value animproved spatial layout would bring, and tobring the late-running process back ontrack and conclude it within the deadline
set by the Local Development Scheme.
The AAP was formally adopted andjudged to be sound by the PlanningInspectorate on 30th June 2008. Thework of Space Syntax was referenced asevidence contributing to an innovativedesign code.
9
t ti
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B
ASpatial vision diagramHighlighting the key recommendations to increasethe vitality of the metro centre.
B and CPublic realm characterThe current separation between pedestrian and
vehicular movement reduces the potential of themetropolitan centre.
A
Area Action PlanCroydon Metropolitan Centre
Our contribution
Our Urban Baseline Study and rigourousSpatial Option Assessment formed theevidence for a Spatial Vision that focusedon:
increasingpedestrian movement
within the Metropolitan Centre by
reducing severance caused by large
urban blocks
increasingmovement to the
Metropolitan Centre by strengthening
the connectivity of the centre with its
surrounding areas
supportingorbital movement from
neighbouring boroughs to increase the
client base for the retail centre.
The challenge
The London Borough of Croydonappointed Space Syntax to develop aspatial baseline study and options impactassessment as an evidence base for theevolving Croydon Metropolitan CentreArea Action Plan (AAP).
At the time, the Metropolitan Centre wasset to experience considerable challenges
in the near and mid-term future. It hadbeen identified in the London Plan as anOpportunity Area for employment andhousing. It had also been chosen as thepreferred location for new retail facilitiesserving a wide area in South London.
However, viable locations for this growthwere not immediately clear, and theexisting retail environment was poor anddisconnected from its surroundings.
ClientLondon Borough of Croydon
Duration2006 - 2007
Key features of this projectSpatial Planning Assessment FrameworkUrban Baseline StudyUrban Characterisation StudySpatial Option AssessmentSpatial Vision
Space Syntax 2010
Local Spatial Planning A new, evidence-based approach
Case study 3
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DS tial ces ibilit a l si - xi tiHig lighti g le r priim r n tw rk ut el ti ely
k se ndar s ru ur .
ES tial ces ibilit a l si - ro o eShowing significant improvements to the secondary
network - promoting pedestrian and cycleaccessibility and enhancing the spatial performanceof the centre.
D
r
tr
r tr t
The benefits
Space Syntaxs work provided the Councilwith a robust evidence base for the AAP.Our evidence:
identified keypedestrian routes, routehierarchies, severance and missinglinks in the area
complemented the Councils anecdotal
knowledge by providingfacts andexpert opinion
uncovered latent problems, such as theunderprovision of local centres in certainareas of the Borough
clearly demonstrated theinterrelationship between spatialaccessibility and land use, and the keyrole of Local Spatial Planning in aligningthe two.
The evidence base has given the Councilconfidence that the Area Action Plan willpass the test of soundness.
The overall spatial approach was also used
in Croydons evolving Core Strategy.
A Space Syntax consultant was seconded
to the planning department over three
months for the crucial task of linking
movement networks and land use.
11
Space Syntax hashelped us to understandand leverage the criticallink between movementnetworks and land use.Tom SweeneyUrban Design Team
London Borough ofCroydon
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Space has a real and realisable value.
To find out how Space Syntax can
help you with Local Spatial Planning,
please contact:
Tim Stonor MRTPI
Christian Schwander
T +44 (0) 20 7400 1320
www.spacesyntax.com
We realised Space Syntax were lightyears ahead of everybody else. Thisscheme will last for 200 years. Weneeded the best and the best is whatweve got. Councillor John Jowers,Colchester Borough Council
.......................................................................
Lin Garland, Hampshire County Council
In helping us to think trulyspatially, Space Syntax hasinitiated a culture change atTower Hamlets.Neil Double, DevelopmentPlan Team LeaderLondon Borough of Tower
Hamlets
create space : create value
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