Sons of Charles Martel:
With Chrotrud: Carloman (MD 741-47)and Pippin III the Short (MD 741-51,r. 751-68)
With Swanahild: Grifo
Sons of Charles Martel - Inheritance:
Carloman: Austrasia, Alemannia,Thuringia
Pippin III the Short: Burgundy, NeustriaProvence
Grifo: ???
741 Death of Charles Martel
741-53 Periodic rebellions by Grifo
747 Abdication of Carloman
753 Anointing of Pippin as king by PopeStephen II (p. 752-57); death of Grifo;Carloman’s sons sent to monastery
Challenges:
Relationship with popes
Internal control
Expansion and foreign relations
721-37 Reign of Theuderic IV
743-51 Reign of Childeric III
750 Pippin writes to Pope Zacharias(p. 741-52)
Map Link: Italy c. 751:
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Aistulf%27s_Italy-en.png>
751 Pippin deposes Childeric III and iselected, anointed and raised king atSoissons
753 Pippin, wife (Bertrada) and sons (Charles,Carloman) anointed by Pope Stephen II(p. 752-57)
755-56 Pippin fights two campaignsagainst Lombards
Donation of Pippin: giving popeterritories taken by Lombards,incl. formerly Byzantine lands
Donation of Constantine
Means of internal control:
Superiority over family members
Becoming king
Co-opting church:
Church councils
Restructuring
Power of bishops - stripped of land
Bishops also controlling monasteries-monasteries made independent
Powerful families -support of lay followersand grateful abbots
742, 745, 759-68 Campaigns vs. Aquitaine
742, 744, 746 Conquest of much ofAlemannia
743 Attack on Bavaria
744, 753, 758 Campaigns vs. Saxons
756/57 or 763-66 Pippin exchanges embassieswith Constantine V (r. 741-75)
Map Link: Growth of Frankish Power:
<http://www.shadowedrealm.com/lib/images/medieval/maps/map067.jpg>
750 ‘Abbasid revolution
754-75 Reign of ‘Abbasid caliph al-Mansur
756 Umayyad ‘Abd al-Rahman (r. 756-88)sets up emirate at Cordoba
btw. 763 and 768 Pippin and al-Mansurexchange embassies
Donation of Constantine
Exposed as forgery in 1439
Purportedly btw. Constantine (r. 306-37)and Pope Sylvester I (p. 314-35)
Actual date: before 754? c. 756?early 800s?
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