Sons of Charles Martel:

With Chrotrud: Carloman (MD 741-47)and Pippin III the Short (MD 741-51,r. 751-68)

With Swanahild: Grifo

Sons of Charles Martel - Inheritance:

Carloman: Austrasia, Alemannia,Thuringia

Pippin III the Short: Burgundy, NeustriaProvence

Grifo: ???

741 Death of Charles Martel

741-53 Periodic rebellions by Grifo

747 Abdication of Carloman

753 Anointing of Pippin as king by PopeStephen II (p. 752-57); death of Grifo;Carloman’s sons sent to monastery

Challenges:

Relationship with popes

Internal control

Expansion and foreign relations

721-37 Reign of Theuderic IV

743-51 Reign of Childeric III

750 Pippin writes to Pope Zacharias(p. 741-52)

Map Link: Italy c. 751:

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Aistulf%27s_Italy-en.png>

751 Pippin deposes Childeric III and iselected, anointed and raised king atSoissons

753 Pippin, wife (Bertrada) and sons (Charles,Carloman) anointed by Pope Stephen II(p. 752-57)

755-56 Pippin fights two campaignsagainst Lombards

Donation of Pippin: giving popeterritories taken by Lombards,incl. formerly Byzantine lands

Donation of Constantine

Means of internal control:

Superiority over family members

Becoming king

Co-opting church:

Church councils

Restructuring

Power of bishops - stripped of land

Bishops also controlling monasteries-monasteries made independent

Powerful families -support of lay followersand grateful abbots

742, 745, 759-68 Campaigns vs. Aquitaine

742, 744, 746 Conquest of much ofAlemannia

743 Attack on Bavaria

744, 753, 758 Campaigns vs. Saxons

756/57 or 763-66 Pippin exchanges embassieswith Constantine V (r. 741-75)

Map Link: Growth of Frankish Power:

<http://www.shadowedrealm.com/lib/images/medieval/maps/map067.jpg>

750 ‘Abbasid revolution

754-75 Reign of ‘Abbasid caliph al-Mansur

756 Umayyad ‘Abd al-Rahman (r. 756-88)sets up emirate at Cordoba

btw. 763 and 768 Pippin and al-Mansurexchange embassies

Donation of Constantine

Exposed as forgery in 1439

Purportedly btw. Constantine (r. 306-37)and Pope Sylvester I (p. 314-35)

Actual date: before 754? c. 756?early 800s?