Solanaceae
Nightshade
Family
Datura sanguinea
Introduction
• Annual, biennial, or
perennial
• Herbs
• Sometimes shrubs or
trees
• Often with prickles
Hyoscyamus niger
Leaves
• Simple, sometimes
pinnately divided
• Alternately arranged
– Often becoming
oppositely arranged in
the inflorescence
• Exstipulate (no stipules)
Solanum dulcamara
Inflorescence
• Determinate
• Cymose
• Flowers sometimes
solitary, axillary
Datura stramonium
Flowers
• Actinomorphic (radially
symmetrical)
• Perfect (both male and
female reproductive
structures)
• Hypogenous (ovary
superior)
• Generally showy
Calyx
• Synsepalous
– 5 lobes
• Persistent
• Often enlarging in fruit
Corolla
• Synpetalous (petals
fused)
– 5 lobes
Corolla
• Synpetalous (petals fused)
– 5 lobes
• Rotate
– Short tube
– Petals form a flat,
circular surface
Corolla
• Synpetalous (petals fused)
– 5 lobes
• Rotate
• Funnelform
– Funnel-shaped
Corolla
• Synpetalous (petals fused)
– 5 lobes
• Rotate
• Funnelform
• Salverform
– Petals are fused into a
slender tube at the base
and abruptly expand to
form a flat surface
Browallia americana
Corolla
• Synpetalous
– 5 lobes
• Rotate
• Funnelform
• Salverform
• Variously coloredAnthocercis littorea
Yellow tailflower
Anthocercis viscosa
Sticky tailflower
Solanum elaeagnifolium
Silverleaf nightshadeLycium carolinianum
Carolina wolfberry
Physalis pubescens
Downy ground cherry
Corolla
• Synpetalous
– 5 lobes
• Rotate
• Funnelform
• Salverform
• Variously colored
• Plicate
– Folded into pleats, like a
fan
Corolla
• Synpetalous
– 5 lobes
• Rotate
• Funnelform
• Salverform
• Variously colored
• Plicate
• Or convolute
– Edges of petals overlap
Androecium
• Comprised of 5 stamens
• Epipetalous
– Arising from or on the
petals
Androecium
• Comprised of 5 stamens
• Epipetalous
• Distinct filaments
Androecium
• Comprised of 5 stamens
• Epipetalous
• Distinct filaments
• Anthers basifixed, sometimes connivent
– Filament attached to the base of the anther
– Coming together or converging with but not fused to another floral part; stuck to a part
Androecium
• Comprised of 5 stamens
• Epipetalous
• Distinct filaments
• Anthers basifixed,
sometimes connivent
• Dehiscing
longitudinally or by
apical pores
Gynoecium
• Of 1 pistil
• 2-carpellate
• Superior ovary
• Single style
• 2-lobed stigma
Gynoecium
• Of 1 pistil
– 2-carpellate
• Superior ovary
Gynoecium
• Of 1 pistil
– 2-carpellate
• Superior ovary
• Single style
Gynoecium
• Of 1 pistil
– 2-carpellate
• Superior ovary
• Single style
• 2-lobed stigma
Solanum campechiense
Redberry nightshade
Solanum elaeagnifolium
Silverleaf nightshde
Fruit
• Berry
– An indehiscent fleshy
fruit, with few to many
seeds
• Sometimes enclosed by
an inflated persistent
calyx
Solanum elaeagnifolium
Solanum americanum
Capsicum annuum
Fruit
• Berry
– Sometimes enclosed by an
inflated persistent calyx
• Septicidal capsule
– A capsule that splits
along the partitions
(septa) between the
chambers
Fruit
• Berry
– Sometimes enclosed by an
inflated persistent calyx
• Septicidal capsule
– A capsule that splits along the
partitions (septa) between
the chambers
• Seeds numerous
Datura wrightii
Representative
Genera
Datura stramonium
Capsicum annuum
Chile pequin
• Duration: Annual or perennial Habit: Herb Leaf Arrangement:Alternate
• Blooms: May-October
Physalis pubescens
Downy ground cherry
• Upright hairy annual herb
• Stem solitary, much-branched in
upper portion
• Leaves 2-9 cm long; 2-4.1 cm
wide; alternate; long-stalked;
margins entire to irregularly
several-toothed
• Flowers 8-10 mm long; 10-16
mm wide; solitary from leaf axils
• Corolla of 5 fused petals
Chamaesaracha coronopus
Green false nightshade
• Low, sprawling or reclining, usually densely hairy perennial
• Stems solitary or few; much-branched from the base, to 15 cm high or long
• Glandular hairs throughout; making plant sticky to the touch
• Leaves to 6 cm long, alternate, stalkless or almost so, margins entire to shallowly toothed or lobed
• Flowers 13 mm wide
• 5 fused petals, flatly 5-lobed at the rim
• Flowers solitary or few in clusters from the leaf axils
Solanum elaeagnifolium
Silver-leaf nightshade
• Upright, sparsely prickly perennial up to 1 m tall
• Stems solitary or few from the base
• Densely covered with star-shaped hairs
• Leaves to 15 cm long, 3-5 times longer than wide; alternate, long-stalked, gray-green; margins wavy
• Flowers 2-3 cm wide; 5 petals fused at the base; 5-lobed at the rim and appearing star-shaped; androeciun of 5 large yellow anthers
• Flowers few, in clusters from leaf axils near ends of branches
Solanum dimidiatum
Western horse-nettle
• Erect, bushy perennial 30-60 cm tall
• Large stellate hairs cover stem and leaf surfaces; stout prickles distributed along stems and on main veins on the underside of leaves
• Leaves 5-15 cm long, ovate, lobed
• Flowers 2.5 cm wide
Solanum rostratum
Buffalo bur
• Low, spreading or sprawling, bristly annual, 41/81 cm tall; densely covered in golden-yellow prickles
• Stems solitary of few from base, much-branched in upper portion
• Leaves 5-15 cm long, deeply parted into irregular segments, the segments further divided or lobed and very spiny
• Flowers up to 25 mm wide; 5 bright yellow petals united at the base, 5-lobed at the rim, lobes usually widely spreading; anthers usually held tightly upright in column
• Flowers clustered at ends of branches or from leaf axils
Solanum carolinense
Carolina horse nettle
• Upright, coarse, prickly perennial; up to 1 m tall
• Stems solitary or few, branched or unbranched, with straight yellowish prickles
• Leaves to 12 cm long, alternate, stalked, with yellowish prickles on the lower surface and along the midrib; margins lobed or shallowly toothed
• Flowers up to 32 mm wide, white, with 5 petals fused at the base, spreading into a 5-lobed star; 5 upright stamens in a column
• Flowers few, in one-sided terminal clusters, each cluster elongating as the flowers open
Datura wrightii
Jimson weed
• Spreading, bushy plant to 1 m tall
• Stems branching in the upper half
• Leaves 10-25 cm long, on short stems with fine hairs, especially along the veins
• Flowers white to pale pink; petals fused into a funnel 15-23 cm long and 6.4-10 cm wide
Nicotiana trigonophylla
Desert tobacco
• Upright, sticky-hairy, strongly rank smelling biennial or perennial herb up to 1 m tall; stems solitary, with few branches
• Leaves 5-22 cm long and to 6 cm wide; lower leaves broadly stalked; upper leaves stalkless, lobed at the base, and clasping the stem
• Flowers 5-lobed and wavy; 1.3-2 cm long, to 1 cm wide; greenish-white or yellowish, trumpet-shaped, abruptly flattened at the rim
• Flowers few, in loosely branched terminal clusters
Nicotiana repanda
Fiddle-leaf tobacco
• Upright, slender, smooth to somewhat hairy, aromatic annual to 1.3 m tall
• Stem usually solitary, loosely branched
• Leaves to 20 cm long and 1 cm wide, alternate, thin, with somewhat sticky glandular hairs; often contracted slightly below the middle and then expanded again; lower leaves narrowed into a winged stalk; upper leaves deeply notched and clasping stem; wavy margins
• Flowers 5-lobed, 45-76 mm long, white, sometimes tinged with rose, often brown-striped, tubular with widely flaring rim
• Flowers few to several, widely spaced in spike-like racemes at the top of slender branches
Homework
• Using the characteristics listed for the 4
species of Solanum, create a key that can be
used to identify each species.
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