Solanaceae ()

Solanaceae

Nightshade

Family

Datura sanguinea

Introduction

• Annual, biennial, or

perennial

• Herbs

• Sometimes shrubs or

trees

• Often with prickles

Hyoscyamus niger

Leaves

• Simple, sometimes

pinnately divided

• Alternately arranged

– Often becoming

oppositely arranged in

the inflorescence

• Exstipulate (no stipules)

Solanum dulcamara

Inflorescence

• Determinate

• Cymose

• Flowers sometimes

solitary, axillary

Datura stramonium

Flowers

• Actinomorphic (radially

symmetrical)

• Perfect (both male and

female reproductive

structures)

• Hypogenous (ovary

superior)

• Generally showy

Calyx

• Synsepalous

– 5 lobes

• Persistent

• Often enlarging in fruit

Corolla

• Synpetalous (petals

fused)

– 5 lobes

Corolla

• Synpetalous (petals fused)

– 5 lobes

• Rotate

– Short tube

– Petals form a flat,

circular surface

Corolla


– 5 lobes

• Rotate

• Funnelform

– Funnel-shaped

Corolla


– 5 lobes

• Rotate

• Funnelform

• Salverform

– Petals are fused into a

slender tube at the base

and abruptly expand to

form a flat surface

Browallia americana

Corolla

• Synpetalous

– 5 lobes

• Rotate

• Funnelform

• Salverform

• Variously coloredAnthocercis littorea

Yellow tailflower

Anthocercis viscosa

Sticky tailflower

Solanum elaeagnifolium

Silverleaf nightshadeLycium carolinianum

Carolina wolfberry

Physalis pubescens

Downy ground cherry

Corolla

• Synpetalous

– 5 lobes

• Rotate

• Funnelform

• Salverform

• Variously colored

• Plicate

– Folded into pleats, like a

fan

Corolla

• Synpetalous

– 5 lobes

• Rotate

• Funnelform

• Salverform

• Variously colored

• Plicate

• Or convolute

– Edges of petals overlap

Androecium

• Comprised of 5 stamens

• Epipetalous

– Arising from or on the

petals

Androecium


• Epipetalous

• Distinct filaments

Androecium


• Epipetalous


• Anthers basifixed, sometimes connivent

– Filament attached to the base of the anther

– Coming together or converging with but not fused to another floral part; stuck to a part

Androecium


• Epipetalous


• Anthers basifixed,

sometimes connivent

• Dehiscing

longitudinally or by

apical pores

Gynoecium

• Of 1 pistil

• 2-carpellate

• Superior ovary

• Single style

• 2-lobed stigma

Gynoecium

• Of 1 pistil

– 2-carpellate

• Superior ovary

Gynoecium

• Of 1 pistil

– 2-carpellate

• Superior ovary

• Single style

Gynoecium

• Of 1 pistil

– 2-carpellate

• Superior ovary

• Single style

• 2-lobed stigma

Solanum campechiense

Redberry nightshade


Silverleaf nightshde

Fruit

• Berry

– An indehiscent fleshy

fruit, with few to many

seeds

• Sometimes enclosed by

an inflated persistent

calyx


Solanum americanum

Capsicum annuum

Fruit

• Berry

– Sometimes enclosed by an

inflated persistent calyx

• Septicidal capsule

– A capsule that splits

along the partitions

(septa) between the

chambers

Fruit

• Berry

– Sometimes enclosed by an

inflated persistent calyx

• Septicidal capsule

– A capsule that splits along the

partitions (septa) between

the chambers

• Seeds numerous

Datura wrightii

Representative

Genera

Datura stramonium

Capsicum annuum

Chile pequin

• Duration: Annual or perennial Habit: Herb Leaf Arrangement:Alternate

• Blooms: May-October

Physalis pubescens

Downy ground cherry

• Upright hairy annual herb

• Stem solitary, much-branched in

upper portion

• Leaves 2-9 cm long; 2-4.1 cm

wide; alternate; long-stalked;

margins entire to irregularly

several-toothed

• Flowers 8-10 mm long; 10-16

mm wide; solitary from leaf axils

• Corolla of 5 fused petals

Chamaesaracha coronopus

Green false nightshade

• Low, sprawling or reclining, usually densely hairy perennial

• Stems solitary or few; much-branched from the base, to 15 cm high or long

• Glandular hairs throughout; making plant sticky to the touch

• Leaves to 6 cm long, alternate, stalkless or almost so, margins entire to shallowly toothed or lobed

• Flowers 13 mm wide

• 5 fused petals, flatly 5-lobed at the rim

• Flowers solitary or few in clusters from the leaf axils


Silver-leaf nightshade

• Upright, sparsely prickly perennial up to 1 m tall

• Stems solitary or few from the base

• Densely covered with star-shaped hairs

• Leaves to 15 cm long, 3-5 times longer than wide; alternate, long-stalked, gray-green; margins wavy

• Flowers 2-3 cm wide; 5 petals fused at the base; 5-lobed at the rim and appearing star-shaped; androeciun of 5 large yellow anthers

• Flowers few, in clusters from leaf axils near ends of branches

Solanum dimidiatum

Western horse-nettle

• Erect, bushy perennial 30-60 cm tall

• Large stellate hairs cover stem and leaf surfaces; stout prickles distributed along stems and on main veins on the underside of leaves

• Leaves 5-15 cm long, ovate, lobed

• Flowers 2.5 cm wide

Solanum rostratum

Buffalo bur

• Low, spreading or sprawling, bristly annual, 41/81 cm tall; densely covered in golden-yellow prickles

• Stems solitary of few from base, much-branched in upper portion

• Leaves 5-15 cm long, deeply parted into irregular segments, the segments further divided or lobed and very spiny

• Flowers up to 25 mm wide; 5 bright yellow petals united at the base, 5-lobed at the rim, lobes usually widely spreading; anthers usually held tightly upright in column

• Flowers clustered at ends of branches or from leaf axils

Solanum carolinense

Carolina horse nettle

• Upright, coarse, prickly perennial; up to 1 m tall

• Stems solitary or few, branched or unbranched, with straight yellowish prickles

• Leaves to 12 cm long, alternate, stalked, with yellowish prickles on the lower surface and along the midrib; margins lobed or shallowly toothed

• Flowers up to 32 mm wide, white, with 5 petals fused at the base, spreading into a 5-lobed star; 5 upright stamens in a column

• Flowers few, in one-sided terminal clusters, each cluster elongating as the flowers open

Datura wrightii

Jimson weed

• Spreading, bushy plant to 1 m tall

• Stems branching in the upper half

• Leaves 10-25 cm long, on short stems with fine hairs, especially along the veins

• Flowers white to pale pink; petals fused into a funnel 15-23 cm long and 6.4-10 cm wide

Nicotiana trigonophylla

Desert tobacco

• Upright, sticky-hairy, strongly rank smelling biennial or perennial herb up to 1 m tall; stems solitary, with few branches

• Leaves 5-22 cm long and to 6 cm wide; lower leaves broadly stalked; upper leaves stalkless, lobed at the base, and clasping the stem

• Flowers 5-lobed and wavy; 1.3-2 cm long, to 1 cm wide; greenish-white or yellowish, trumpet-shaped, abruptly flattened at the rim

• Flowers few, in loosely branched terminal clusters

Nicotiana repanda

Fiddle-leaf tobacco

• Upright, slender, smooth to somewhat hairy, aromatic annual to 1.3 m tall

• Stem usually solitary, loosely branched

• Leaves to 20 cm long and 1 cm wide, alternate, thin, with somewhat sticky glandular hairs; often contracted slightly below the middle and then expanded again; lower leaves narrowed into a winged stalk; upper leaves deeply notched and clasping stem; wavy margins

• Flowers 5-lobed, 45-76 mm long, white, sometimes tinged with rose, often brown-striped, tubular with widely flaring rim

• Flowers few to several, widely spaced in spike-like racemes at the top of slender branches

Homework

• Using the characteristics listed for the 4

species of Solanum, create a key that can be

used to identify each species.

Solanaceae ()

Documents

Transcript of Solanaceae ()