2nd stage-autonomy versus shame and doubt 12-18 mos. – 3 years
Self-control where a toddler seeks to do their own will
Wants to be more independent Feeling of being able to
do tasks without help Do not do for them what
they can do for themselves
Everything is about them How they look, what
belongs to them, what they can or cannot do
Become aware of others’ feelings toward them
Aware they can affect others
Autonomy achieved leads to self-pride
No autonomy leads to shame and doubt
Set realistic limits
Give choices
Keep toddler safe
Stay calm when child reacts with anger
Can sense emotions in others
Great imagination Fear of dark, strangers,
etc. Have trouble separating
reality from fantasy
Affection Express it by nearness
Animals, darkness, nightmares, bad people
Act out fear through play
Don’t tease them about their fears
Don’t push them into scary situations
Boys-greater variety
Girls – greater reaction
Over 2 yrs. old, less than 2 hours of TV a day
Give them skills to control situations Turn on light when afraid of dark
Set a good example
Nightmares begin around 2 Help them separate
reality from fantasy
Temper tantrums Meant to attract
attention Not directed at anyone
until age 3 Common triggers for tantrums Being overly tired Disruption in normal
routine Too much excitement
or activity Frustration: too many
restrictions and too few choices
Lack of firm, realistic limits
Respond immediately
Remain calm
Screaming is ineffective
Spanking makes more angry
Help child to deal with anger and frustration and to express it in an acceptable way.
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