2nd stage-autonomy versus shame and doubt 12-18 mos. – 3 years

Self-control where a toddler seeks to do their own will

Wants to be more independent Feeling of being able to

do tasks without help Do not do for them what

they can do for themselves

Everything is about them How they look, what

belongs to them, what they can or cannot do

Become aware of others’ feelings toward them

Aware they can affect others

Autonomy achieved leads to self-pride

No autonomy leads to shame and doubt

Set realistic limits

Give choices

Keep toddler safe

Stay calm when child reacts with anger

Can sense emotions in others

Great imagination Fear of dark, strangers,

etc. Have trouble separating

reality from fantasy

Affection Express it by nearness

Animals, darkness, nightmares, bad people

Act out fear through play

Don’t tease them about their fears

Don’t push them into scary situations

Boys-greater variety

Girls – greater reaction

Over 2 yrs. old, less than 2 hours of TV a day

Give them skills to control situations Turn on light when afraid of dark

Set a good example

Nightmares begin around 2 Help them separate

reality from fantasy

Temper tantrums Meant to attract

attention Not directed at anyone

until age 3 Common triggers for tantrums Being overly tired Disruption in normal

routine Too much excitement

or activity Frustration: too many

restrictions and too few choices

Lack of firm, realistic limits

Respond immediately

Remain calm

Screaming is ineffective

Spanking makes more angry

Help child to deal with anger and frustration and to express it in an acceptable way.