GOLDBERG CHAPTER 13 HALLUCINOGENS
SOC 204 Drugs & Society
Hallucinogens
Naming this class of drugs is complex
Terms Hallucinogens
Drugs that induce perceived distortions in time and space
Phantasticants Term used to describe drugs that create a fantasy world
Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) A term that controversially implies a beneficial, visionary type of
effect
Psychotomimetic Refers to drugs that produce psychotic-like symptoms
Psychotogenic Refers to drugs that generate psychosis
Classical Phantastica
Alter perceptions while allowing the user to remain in communication with the present world
Indole hallucinogens
Serotonin
LSD, psilocybin
Catechol hallucinogens
Norepinephrine & dopamine
Mescaline, MDMA, belladonna, amanita muscaria
Deliriants
Produce more mental confusion, greater clouding of consciousness, and a loss of touch with reality
Anticholinergic hallucinogens
Acetylcholine
PCP, ketamine
Hallucinogens
About 6,000 different types of plants are capable of altering consciousness
About 150 plants are used for hallucinogenic purposes
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are synthetic hallucinogens
LSD Discovery
Synthesized from alkaloids extracted from the ergot fungus
Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann developed LSD as a possible headache remedy in 1938
Albert Hofmann, who was responsible for developing LSD, died from an LSD overdose soon after developing the drug.
A. True.
B. False. He died at 57, jumping off a roof during a flashback.
C. False. He lived to be 102 and died of natural causes.
True.
False
. He d
ied at
57, j
um...
False
. He li
ved to
be 1
02...
12%
50%
38%
Early Use of LSD
Theories of Benefit
Psychotherapy
Enhanced understanding
Military Experiments
At one time, hallucinogenic drugs were associated with witchcraft and sorcery.
A. True
B. False
True
False
11%
89%
Timothy Leary
Experiments on Harvard graduate students
Religion: League of Spiritual Discovery
At twice its normal dosage, LSD can be fatal.
A. True
B. False
True
False
85%
15%
Pharmacology
Mouse Party Different hallucinogens are classified by which
neurotransmitter they impact
Tolerance develops rapidly
Metabolized by liver, half-life is approximately 3 hours
No physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms
LSD
A. Is the most potent psychoactive chemical known to man
B. Causes a distressing withdrawal syndrome
C. Does not create tolerance
Is th
e most
pote
nt psy
ch...
Causes a
dist
ress
ing w
it...
Does not c
reat
e tole
rance
93%
4%4%
Trips
Perceptions Altered
Visual Images
Time Altered
Synesthesia
Emotionality
6-9 hours
Unique and variable experiences
The phenomenon of hearing colors or seeing sounds is called:
A. Flashback
B. Trip
C. Synesthesia
D. Overdose
Flash
backTrip
Synest
hesia
Overd
ose
0% 0%
85%
15%
Use of LSD makes one more creative.
A. True
B. False
True
False
23%
77%
Adverse Reactions
Bad Trips
Panic Reactions
Flashbacks
LSD has been shown to be as addictive as heroin.
A. True
B. False
True
False
96%
4%
Expert Group Activity
Study the hallucinogen
What is it?
How is it used?
How is it regulated?
What are the effects?
Are there negative effects or warnings?
Psilocybin “Magic Mushrooms”
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
PeyoteMescaline
MDMA - Ecstasy
PCP (Phencyclidine)
BelladonnaMandrakeHenbaneDatura
Amanita Muscaria
Salvia Divinorum
Morning GloryHawaiian Baby Woodrose