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helter after disaster
Shelterafterdis
aster
settlement and reconstruction
strategies for transitional
s
ettlementandrecon
struction
s
trategiesfortransitional
Coordination
1.3 Activities
1
ntroduction
1.1 articiation
1. ramework
1.4 nformation
1.5 trateg
trategy
1
.1 articiation
. lanning
.3 Temlate
.4 nuts
.5 Assessment
rogramme level
Assessment
3.1 articiation
3. Assessment
3.3 Tools
3.4 Teams
3.5 mlementation
4
mplementation
4.1 articiation
4. tions
4.3 esonse4.4 Methods
4.5 Coordination
T2 Strategy
T3 Assessment
T4 Implementation
Country level
oolkits
T1 Coordination
At national level, centralgovernment and humanitarian
coordinators agree how the
shelter, settlement and reconstruction
resonse will be coordinated, as a
service gathering and disseminating
information to link each affected area
and ever sector.
As art of this coordination
mechanism, a strateg is develoed
with the articiation of the affected
oulation. The strateg is reviewedand udated continuall, as more
information becomes available and as
the context to the resonse changes.
At rogramme level, local government
and the humanitarian agencies
imlementing the resonse undertake
ongoing assessments and monitoring ofthe affected oulation, caacities and
resources in order to identif gas
and overlas in resonse, to inform the
strateg and to udate rogress against
meeting the agreed objectives of the
resonse.
mlementation of the resonse is
described through a series of otions
for dislaced oulations and otions
for non-dislaced oulations, each
suorted b a contribution of 18assistance methods.
These guidelines offer governments coordinators and implementer a framework
for integrated shelter settlement and reconstruction following natural disasters.
This framework is intended to be consistent with government structures and
humanitarian coordination mechanisms supporting both in developing and
implementing a single strategy policy or plan for each response.
helter after disastersettlement and reconstruction
strategies for transitional
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helter after disaster
settlement and reconstruction
strategies for transitional
Building back more safely
elocateebuildepair5HWURW
ccupancywith no
legal statusousetenant
ouseowner-
occupier
Apartmenttenant
andtenant
Apartmentowner-
occupierural self-settlement
Collectivecentre
elf-settledcamps
rbansettlement
ostfamilies
lannedcamps
isplaced population:
transitional settlement
s transitional
shelter appropriate?
18 assistance methods
4 labour methods
A temshelter construction itemseneral items
materials methods
quality assurance methods
Capacitybuilding
upervision and
technical expertise
Cash ouchers
Marketinterventions
ocal
informationcentres
eturn and
transit items
nfrastructure and
settlement planning
nsurances loansand guarantees
% Advocacy legaland administrative
9 support methods
nvironmental andresource management
ivelihoodrecovery
Community labourirect labour Contract labour elf-help
s transitional
shelter appropriate?
on-displaced population:
transitional reconstruction
eintegrateelocateeturn
ndirectly affectedpopulation
urable solutions
econstruction withmanaged risk
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vi vii
Table of contents
art B rogramme
Chapter Assessment 6
3DUWLFLSDWLRQ identif caacit of dislaced and non-dislaced oulations 8
$VVHVVPHQW undertake different assessments to inform the develomentof the strateg, suorting rogramme and roject lans
3
7RROV identif and design tools required to imlement assessments 84
7HDPV establish assessment teams required to imlement assessments 85
,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ carr out assessments, monitoring and evaluation to informstrategic, rogramme and roject imlementation
88
&KDSWHU mplementation 9
3DUWLFLSDWLRQ engage affected oulations and coordinate with other sector 11
2SWLRQV VXSSRUWUDSLGDVVHVVPHQWWRQGRXWZKRZKDWZKHUH 13
5HVSRQVH establish which settlement or reconstruction otions are safeand aroriate to imlement
11
0HWKRGV manage assistance ackages for affected oulations 113
&RRUGLQDWLRQ manage activities and inform strategic lanning rocess 14
oolkits Coordination tools
2 Strategy tools
3 Assessment tools
4 Implementation tools
esources lossar of terms 35
Acronms 35
Annotated Bibliograh 3e references 334
nternet esources 34
ndex 345
Acknowledgements iii
oreword b alerie Ann Amos v
ist of diagrams, tables and checklists viii
ntroduction xiii
mergenc to recover xiii
uiding rinciles for shelter after disaster xvi
Note to stakeholders xviii
azards and natural disasters xx
The shelter sector, humanitarian reform and clusters xxv
art A esponse
&KDSWHU Coordination
3DUWLFLSDWLRQ ensure all stakeholders are involved and reresented 3
UDPHZRUN agree a structure for coordination 8
$FWLYLWLHV establish and oerate the shelter sector coordination bod 13
,QIRUPDWLRQ manage information to assist resonse monitoring andsuort decision making
WUDWHJ\ snthesise information to facilitate strategic lanning 5
Chapter trategy
3DUWLFLSDWLRQ achieve agreement on stakeholder involvement 34
3ODQQLQJ coordinate lanning among strategic, rogramme and rojectlans
4
7HPSODWH use a consistent lanning temlate to otimise the resonse 45
,QSXWV incororate relevant issues to inform the strateg 5
$VVHVVPHQW maintain the strateg as a live document
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xii xiii
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
1
articiation .1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
Assessment
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
4
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
Strategy T2
Assessment T3
Implementation T4
Country level
oolkits
Coordination T1
1mergency to recovery1. These guidelines introduce the aroaches of transitionalVHWWOHPHQWUHFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGVKHOWHU7UDQVLWLRQDOKRXVLQJshelter, settlement, and reconstruction should not be considered
as an additional hase, but rather as an incremental shelteringof affected oulations over the eriod of their dislacementDQGRIUHFRQVWUXFWLRQZKLFKRIWHQODVWVPDQ\\HDUV7KHWHUPtransitional ma be used in resonse to two questions:
RUWKRVHGLVSODFHG ZKHUHGR WKH\ OLYH RYHU WKH\HDUVreconstruction usuall takes?
RUWKRVHQRWGLVSODFHG RUZKRKDYHUHWXUQHG KRZ FDQreconstruction be suorted when it is needed, from the initialresonse, as some families ma need roof tiles not a tent?
2. This aroach of arallel suort is resented in theIROORZLQJJXLGDQFHSXEOLVKHGRUDZDLWLQJSXEOLFDWLRQ$OOWKLVguidance includes the same series of otions facing dislacedoulations and otions facing non-dislaced oulationsDJUHHGE\WKHVKHOWHUFRPPXQLW\IDFLOLWDWHGE\6KHOWHU&HQWUH
Transitional settlement: dislaced oulations(Corsellis and itale, xfam 5)KWWSZZZVKHOWHUFHQWUHRUJOLEUDU\WUDQVLWLRQDOVHWW
OHPHQWGLVSODFHGSRSXODWLRQV
afer omes, tronger Communities (orld Bank,ZZZKRXVLQJUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRUJKRXVLQJ
umanitarian Charter and Minimum tandards inisaster esonse (here roject, forthcomingZZZVSKHUHSURHFWRUJ
Assistance in urban areas to oulations affectedb humanitarian crises (NC and helter Centre,IRUWKFRPLQJKWWSZZZVKHOWHUFHQWUHRUJ
urvival and recovery3. ettlement, reconstruction and shelter are all critical toERWKVXUYLYDODQG UHFRYHU\IROORZLQJQDWXUDO GLVDVWHUVQ Dgrowing number of resonses the constitute together thelargest sector, in terms of exenditure er caita, over theGXUDWLRQRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLQWHUYHQWLRQ
ettlement,
reconstruction
and shelter
olistic
guidance
argest sector
er caita
exenditure
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helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
xxxi
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
1
articiation .1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
Assessment
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
4
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
Strategy T2
Assessment T3
Implementation T4
Country level
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Coordination T1
1discussions for the develoment of consistent cluster strategieswithin the wider framework for coordination of emerging needsand riorities and facilitate discussions for the develoment ofDVKHOWHUVWUDWHJ\ZLWKLQWKHZLGHUIUDPHZRUIRUFRRUGLQDWLRQ
hy these guidelines use sector and not
cluster
79. These guidelines describe universal rincials ofhumanitarian resonse for transitional settlement andUHFRQVWUXFWLRQ7KH\DUHLQWHQGHGIRUXVHLQUHVSRQVHWRVPDOOand large scale disasters where the Cluster Aroach is inSODFH
80. There are currentl a number of countries where theCluster Aroach is not imlemented, either due to the lackof a umanitarian Countr Team or because the governmentalread has other coordination structures in lace to resondWRGLVDVWHUV
81. These guidelines therefore use the term sector asoosed to cluster to iml a wider use, inclusive of, andextending beond scenarios in which the Cluster Aroach isXVHG
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ii
Activities 1.3
1
1ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
articiation .1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
Assessment
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
4
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
Strategy T2
Assessment T3
Implementation T4
Country level
oolkits
Coordination
Coordination
1
Coordination82. Coordination is an activit which continues throughoutthe resonse to a disaster so that common decisions can be
made and imlemented to best serve the needs of the affectedoulation. B coordinating efforts in resonse, gas andoverlas can be avoided as can dulication of efforts. t is alsoa wa of ensuring that the affected oulation can la a kerole in decision making.
83. The urose of coordination is to develo a single sectorstrateg for resonding to the settlement and reconstructionneeds of the affected oulation. These needs will changethroughout the resonse and the mechanism established forFRRUGLQDWLRQWKHUHIRUHQHHGVWREHH[LEOHDQGDGDSWLQRUGHU
to offer aroriate suort and assistance.
84. The structure of the chater is as follows.
articipation: ensure that all stakeholders are involved andreresented.
ramework: agreeing a structure for coordination.
Activities: establish and oerate the shelter sector coordinationbod.
nformation: manage information to assist resonse monitoringand to suort decision making.
trategy: snthesise information to facilitate strategic lanning.
ummary of why coordination is needed
overnments are resonsible for coordinating the resonse toa natural disaster in their territor and should:
identif a national coordinator and establish acoordination structure;
write terms of reference for the coordination grous toclarif articiation; and
identif focal ersons to lead coordination grous atdifferent levels.
1.1
1.
1.3
1.4
1.5
overnment
ramework
1.
nformation
1.4 1.5
trategActivities
1.3
articiation
1.1
1.11.11.1
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helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
t t
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3 31
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
articiation .1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
Assessment
1
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
4
mplementation
articiation 4.1tions 4.
esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
Strategy 2
Assessment T3Implementation T4
Country level
oolkits
Coordination T1
trategy175. trategies hel everone resonding to a disaster towork together. trategies are ractical, simle tools that canbe develoed ver quickl. The initial strateg should be
SUHSDUHGLQWKHUVWGD\VDIWHUDGLVDVWHU7KHVWUDWHJ\VKRXOGbe reviewed and changed regularl throughout the resonse,as more information becomes available.
176. This chater suorts the develoment of a singlestrateg. overnment and all other agencies should agreethe lan and not have different olicies. here ossible,government should lead the develoment of the strateg,suorted b humanitarian agencies and donors. The strategshould describe the resonse to the shelter needs of thoseimacted b disasters. The strateg should include resonse to
immediate shelter needs but also to longer-term reconstruction,suorting the entire oulation affected.
177. ive sections are considered in this chater:
articipation: engage stakeholders to develo a strateg.
lanning: coordinate sector strateg, rogramme and rojectlans.
Template: base the structure of the strateg uon a documenttemlate.
nputs: incororate inter-sectoral considerations into thestrategic lanning rocess.
Assessment: udate and maintain the strateg as a livedocument.
ummary of why a strategy is needed
The following oints exlain the value of a strateg and how itEHQHWVHDFKJURXSLQYROYHGLQWKHUHVSRQVH
nsure that rogramme and roject lans lock into thesector strateg, lan of action or olic.
ngage in regional consultations and rovide high qualitinut information to aid the lanning rocess.
iscuss contributions for caacit with donors.
articiation
.1 .
lanning
.3
Temlate
.5
Assessment
.4
nuts
.1
.
.3
.4
.5
overnment
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helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
The helter ector esonse lan was elaborated anddeveloed in consensus with man stakeholders. talso clearl communicates the sector strateg and itsood ractice
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3
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
articiation .1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
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rogramme level
Assessment
1
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
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mlementation 3.5
4
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
Strategy 2
Assessment T3
Implementation T4
Country level
oolkits
Coordination T1
gobjective to hel stakeholders reach agreements.
nter-sectoral coordination meetings were co-chaired bthe aitian government with a continuous resence ofother sectors, such as earl recover and water andsanitation, leading to one of the fastest shelter-reliefoerations in recent ears. Nearl ercent of the 1.3million dislaced oulation received emergenc shelterVXSSOLHVLQWKHUVWWKUHHPRQWKV American edCross, 1.
isaster risk reduction was well integrated into the6KHOWHU6HFWRUHVSRQVHODQVSHFLFDOO\LQDQWLFLSDWLRQof the hurricane season. The strateg included warningsstems, evacuation routes, communit training for basic
UVWDLGUHVSRQVHDQGDGDSWLQJGUDLQDJHDQGDGHXDWHlatrine sstems.
hile the government co-chaired the coordinationPHHWLQJVLWVFDSDFLW\ZDVVLJQLFDQWO\OLPLWHGE\WKHaftermath of the earthquake. As a result, the two hasesof the helter ector esonse lan were not effectivelcoordinated and communicated to all stakeholders,including the affected oulation. This led to tensionsand frustrations, as eole were not aware of their rights
and entitlements and were unaware that lans werebeing made for both the long and short term.
Although the strateg was develoed, udated andelaborated in the weeks following the earthquake,DFWLYLWLHVRQWKHJURXQGZHUHQRWDOZD\VUHHFWHGLQWKHstrateg in a timel manner.
nter-sectoral activities, such as rubble removal, logisticsand land roert and tenure, were not effectivelcoordinated. This led to overlas and gas in theimlementation of the helter ector esonse lan.
Challenges
helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
Assessment
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4 5
Strategy T2
Assessment 3
Implementation T4
Coordination T1
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
Participation 2.1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
Assessment
1
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
4
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
Country level
oolkits
Coordination T1
273. This chater suorts the coordination of the existingassessments of sector stakeholders b structuring assessmentcontributions for transitional settlement and reconstruction into
four stages: reliminar assessment, raid assessment, jointassessment, and monitoring and evaluation.
274. This chater suorts the coordination of the existingassessments b categorising the four assessment subjectsinto four tes: who within the affected oulation has selectedwhat otions for settlement and reconstruction and where,the hazards and risks that threaten the affected oulation,the livelihood caitals that the affected oulation ma drawuon including human, social and olitical, natural, hsicalDQGQDQFLDODQGWKHH[WHQWRIWKHGDPDJHWREXLOGLQJVDQG
infrastructure.
3. 3.3 3.4 3.53.1
articiation Assessment Tools Teams mlementation
275. The structure of the chater is as follows.
articipation: involve all stakeholders to carr out assessment,monitoring and evaluation.
Assessment: understand different stages and tes ofassessment subjects.
Tools: identif and design tools required to imlementassessments.Teams: establish assessment teams required to imlementassessments.
mplementation: decisions to inform strategic, rogrammeand roject imlementation.
ummary of why assessment is needed
iaise with the government to collect baseline data onwho is affected and where, and to decide on how theauthorities ma articiate in and be reresented inassessments.
Collaborate with the government to use national survesand mas to understand the re-disaster context forcomarison.
&RQWDFWQDWLRQDOUHJLRQDODQGORFDORIFHVDQGOLQHministries to gather, review and disseminate assessmentinformation.
3.1
3.
3.3
3.4
3.5
overnment
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helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
ntroduction
Monitoring and evaluation need to be undertakento understand the effect of a rogramme on theenvironment, for examle on the unsustainable use ofresources, damage to water sources and its imact onthe fertilit of farming land.
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4 5
Strategy T2
Assessment 3
Implementation T4
Coordination T1
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
Participation 2.1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
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rogramme level
Assessment
1
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4
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Country level
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Coordination T1
nvironmental degradation resulting from a rogrammema include contamination of land b chemicals and
hazardous waste. This also affects shelter rogrammesas loss of forests result in reduced access to fuel woodand building materials.
An integrated assessment can onl be achieved withinand among sectors b identifing the caacities andavailable resources from all sectors in the differentdiscilines, as well as identifing locall acquiredknowledge and revious disaster exeriences in theaffected countr or region.
nter-sectoral assessment should take into accounteconomic, social and environmental considerationstogether; and continuousl udate information on allstakeholders across the sectors.
nter-sector
linkage
helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
4ntroduction351. mlementation is the act of delivering the humanitarian
objectives laid out in the strateg b develoing and utting into
mplementation
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Implementation 4
oolkits
Assessment
Strategy T2
Assessment T3
Coordination T1
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
Participation 2.1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
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rogramme level
1
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
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mlementation 3.5
mplementation
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tions 4.
esonse 4.3
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Coordination 4.5
Country level
objectives laid out in the strateg b develoing and utting intoractice rogramme and roject lans.
352. The urose of imlementation is to ensure that theaffected oulation receives the most aroriate, needsbased transitional settlement and reconstruction assistance.PSOHPHQWDWLRQLVQRWD[HGDFWLYLW\EXWVKRXOGFKDQJHDQGadat in line with the needs of the affected oulations as themove between otions for settlement and reconstruction.
353. The structure of the chater is as follows:
articipation: ensure the affected oulations andgovernments are involved in all imlementation activities;
ptions:VXSSRUWUDSLGDVVHVVPHQWWRQGRXWZKRZKDWwhere;
esponse: establish which settlement or reconstructionotions are safe and aroriate to imlement;
Methods: decide what combination of labour, material, suortand qualit assurance is most aroriate;
Coordination: manage imlementation activities and inform
strategic lanning rocess;
ummary of why implementation is needed
354. iscuss the rogramme and roject lanning rocesseswithin coordination meetings and ensure that results of
imlementation are fed back into the strategic lanning.
Aim at reasonable and diverse articiation ofstakeholders;
btain local inut that is consistent and aroriate withsustainable result;
ollow through immediate with suggestions and lessonsOHDUQHGVRDVWRPD[LPL]HHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHUHVSRQVH
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4.3 ??
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4.5
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4ntroduction
Country level
ntegrated imlementation should be maintained bkeeing an overview of cross-sectoral activities andcontinuous linkages. acilitate and ensure cross-sectorallanning and assessment rocesses.
uarantee linkages through the use of sectorreresentatives with the goal of maintaining strategies forrearedness, earl warning, emergenc resonse and
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Implementation 4
oolkits
Assessment
Strategy T2
Assessment T3
Coordination T1
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
Participation 2.1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
1
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
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mlementation 3.5
mplementation
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tions 4.esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
long term recover.
helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
ntroduction
Country level
Coordination toolkit477. This toolkit suorts the shelter sector coordinationactivities b offering a set of resources and tools, whichcomlement the guidance offered in Chater 1:Coordination.
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Assessment
Strategy T2
Assessment T3
Implementation T4
Coordination
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
Participation 2.1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
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rogramme level
1
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
mplementation
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tions 4.esonse 4.3
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Coordination 4.5
oolkits
4
T1.4T1.ramework Activitities
T1.3nformation
T1.4 T1.5trateg
T1.1articiation
478. The toolkit is divided into the following sections:
articipation: considerations for coordination withgovernments in emergenc situations;
Coordination ramework: nformation on the coordinationframework can be found in ection 1.: ramework;
Coordination Activities: including tools for coordinators, toolsfor oerating the sector coordination bod and tools forFRRUGLQDWHGQDQFLDOSODQQLQJ
nformation Management: tools rovided include an overviewof was in which oulation ma have been affected, examlesof rint media uses for communication and an overview ofgrievances redress mechanisms;
trategy: trateg tools are rovided in Toolkit 2: Strategy.
479. Toolkits from other sections can rovide additionalinformation in the coordination of the shelter resonse.
480. This toolkit informs and assists the effective coordinationof the shelter sector resonse. ach tool comlements theguidance rovided in Chater 1:Coordination and deliversfurther assistance when coordinating, assessing, lanning,funding, imlementing and monitoring activities in suort ofan ongoing sector resonse. The tools offered below are notexhaustive but rather rovide examles of the te of tool thatma be used.
T1.1
T1.
T1.3
T1.4
T1.5
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Coordination1
ntroduction
1
Country level
538.An examle of ublic media used to inform individuals andcommunities on earthquake resistant techniques, in this casebracing is used.
Construction techniquesiagram T1.
xample :
Construction
techniques
T1.4. Communicating with the affected population
534. The communication of the roosed shelter strateg tothe affected oulation is vital to ensure transarenc andfairness, and to encourage accetance of the scheme, followingVXIFLHQWIHHGEDFDQGDGXVWPHQW
535. here it is necessar to introduce the affected oulationto new techniques and ideas, it is imortant to roduceinformation and training materials which can be understood bthe local oulation. xamles of new information ma include
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Assessment
Strategy T2
Assessment T3
Implementation T4
Coordination
Activities 1.3
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
Participation 2.1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
oolkits
4
www.shelterhaiti.org
the conveance of new construction techniques, or safetissues relating to new building materials.
536.uidance This section offers three examles of ublic media, usedto conve new ideas to affected oulations, for the uroseRI UH VDIHW\ EXLOGLQJ WHFKQLXHV DQG ORQJWHUP VWUDWHJ\resectivel:
iagram T1.1: ire safet
iagram T1.: Construction techniques
iagram T1.3: Communicating strateg
537. An examle of ublic media used to conve the safe useRIUHDQGDPHV
ire safety
www.humanitarianreform.org
iagram T1.1
xample 1: ire
safety
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Coordination1
2ntroduction
1
Country level
546. This toolkit suorts the shelter strateg develoment boffering a set of resources and tools, which comlement theguidance offered in Chater : trateg.
T. T.3 T.4 T.5T.1
articiation lanning Temlate nuts Assessment
Strategy oolkit
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4
Assessment
Strategy 2
Assessment T3
Implementation T4
Coordination T1
Activities 1.3
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
Participation 2.1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
oolkits
547. The toolkit is divided into the following sections:
articipation:activities to encourage increased organisationalengagement in sector strateg;
lanning: rinciles and legal frameworks for coordinatingsector strateg, rogramme and roject lans;
Template: indicators, standards and activities; and
nputs: land and tenure issues incororating inter-sectoralconsiderations into the strategic lanning rocess.
Assessment:T3.
548. Toolkits from other sections can rovide additionalinformation in the develoment of a shelter resonse strateg.
549. The toolkit for strateg rovides a set of tools, which informand assist the develoment of an effective shelter strateg.ach tool comlements the guidance rovided in Chater :
trateg and delivers further assistance when coordinating,assessing, lanning, funding, imlementing and monitoringactivities in suort of an ongoing sector strateg. The toolsoffered below are not exhaustive but rather rovide examlesof the te of tool that ma be used when making decisionsfor imlementing transitional settlement and reconstructionrogrammes and rojects.
T.1
T.
T.3
T.4
T.5
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Coordination1
2ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
1
Country level
617. The antt chart is one of the most common and usefultechniques used in lanning and scheduling. The followingdiagram illustrates an examle T2.1.b.
rearing to lan
lanning process
*DQWWFKDUWH[DPSOH
4 6
et commitment
utline lan rocess
nitial lanning meeting
ocumentation read
orm lanning team
iagram T.
antt chart
H[DPSOH
uidance
619.Navigation This section of the trateg Toolkit contains resourceswhich ma be used when undertaking tasks outlined in .4:
.4.1 timeline of resonse oeration and associatedrelevant land issues; and
.4. land and tenure issues in the strategic lanningrocess.
620.uidance This section includes tools, which ma be used toconsider the external inuts that need to be accounted for
T.4nuts
Toolkit for nputsContinued
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4
Assessment
Strategy 2
Assessment T3
Implementation T4
Coordination T1
Activities 1.3
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
Participation 2.1lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
oolkits
etermine deadlines
ield mission lanned
lanning retreat
lanning scenario set
ituation assessment
ield missions
raft lans
ollow u meeting
Agree os design
evelo rojects
evelo budgets
rocurement
Coordination lan set
inalised lan
618.ork breakdown A work breakdown is a useful lanning technique foridentifing the ke arts of an comlex task and for showingthe relationshis that exist between tasks. An examle of awork breakdown is shown below. The rocess of breakingdown the work involves analsing the ke sub-tasks that haveto be carried out in a sstematic manner.
utut 1
Activit 1
Task 1 Task 1
Task Task
Task 3 Task 3
utut
Activit
utut 3
Activit 3
roject
Task 1
Task
Task 3
iagram T.3
ork
breakdown
H[DPSOH
consider the external inuts that need to be accounted forwhen develoing an effective integration strateg. These arelisted in 4..4, as: livelihoods, land use, lanning and tenure,environment and disaster risk reduction issues.
T.4.1 Timeline of response operation and associatedrelevant land issues
621.uidance This tool outlines the timeline for resonse oerations andthe relevant land issues at each stage.
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helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
Coordination1
3ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
1
Country level
627. The assessment chater suorts the coordination ofthe assessments of sector stakeholders b structuring theassessment rocess into four stages: reliminar 3..1,raid 3.., in-deth 3..3, and monitoring and evaluation3..4. This toolkit on assessment offers additional suort to
guide the imlementation of assessment activities.
T3. T3.3 T3.4 T3.5T3.1
articiation Assessment Tools Teams mlementation
Assessment toolkit
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1
4
Assessment
Strategy T2
Assessment 3
Implementation T4
Coordination T1
Activities 1.3
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
trategy
Participation 2.1lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
articiation 3.1Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
oolkits
articipation: issues to consider and tools to use to guide thearticiation of the affected oulation in assessment;
Assessment: tools for assessing livelihoods and needs aroundmarkets, the environment, hazards and vulnerabilities;
Tools: activities that guide the design of assessment toolswhich identif what is needed and what caacit is available tomeet these needs;
Teams: activities that guide the establishment of assessmentteams; and
mplementation: guidance and activities for collecting andmanaging information.
628. This toolkit is organised around these four subjects.arious other tools that ma be aroriate for each of the fourstages of the assessment monitoring and evaluation rocessare resented, such as tools for assessing damage and loss,and hazards and risks.
629. Man agencies conduct damage assessments thatLQFOXGH XDQWLHG HVWLPDWHV RI SK\VLFDO GDPDJH UHVXOWLQJfrom disaster. ome agencies use a mixture of damage andneed assessment to conve a more comrehensive account.ome tools resented here ma be suitable for more than oneassessment subject (i.e. needs and damage). The urose ofthese tools is to guide different tes of assessment roceduresto facilitate the resonse and include all relevant stakeholders,including the affected oulation and vulnerable grous.
630. The tools offered below are not exhaustive but ratherrovide examles of the te of tool that ma be used to guideassessments of transitional settlement and reconstructionrogrammes and rojects.
T3.1
T3.
T3.3
T3.4
T3.5
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helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
3ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
1
Country level
T..4 nsuring information consistency
742.uidance This section rovides a brief overview of how to manageDVVHVVPHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ E\ KLJKOLJKWLQJ D H\ SRLQW WKDWinformation collected remain consistent. urther informationcan be found in Toolkit 1 T1.5; T1.6; 3.5.
743. As different organisat ions and assessment teamscollect data at different times and with different scales, therisk dulicating their efforts and imeding a smooth transitionbetween the relief, recover and reconstruction hases of theresonse. This has been known to cause assessment fatigueamong the affected oulation and also comromise theaccurac and reliabilit of the information collected.
744. hile assessment teams assess the level of damage andreconstruction needed, standard guidelines and tools shouldbe available to ensure that this assessment is conducted in a
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4 4
4
Assessment
Strategy T2
Assessment 3
Implementation T4
Coordination T1
trategy
Participation 2.1
lanning .
Temlate .3
nuts .4
Assessment .5
rogramme level
articiation 3.1
Assessment 3.
Tools 3.3
Teams 3.4
mlementation 3.5
mplementation
articiation 4.1
tions 4.
esonse 4.3
Methods 4.4
Coordination 4.5
oolkits
be available to ensure that this assessment is conducted in aconsistent manner. This information is adated from the orldBank handbook orld Bank, 1.
745. ome useful tools for ensuring consistent assessmentinformation:
temlates can structure and regularise the collection ofdamage data;
training for assessment teams hels them understandcommon information collection methods and usecommon temlates. uch training ma include ractisingon damaged houses and comaring results;
common rates and benchmarks can be used to maintaincommon estimates across teams and agencies.
helter after isaster: strategies for transitional settlement and reconstruction
Coordination
Activities 1.3
1
4ntroduction
articiation 1.1
ramework 1.
nformation 1.4
trateg 1.5
1
Country level
Implementation toolkit746. The imlementation chater of these guidelines rovidesguidance on imlementing rogramme and roject lans fortransitional settlement and reconstruction.
T4. T4.3 T4.4 T4.5T4.1
articiation tions esonse Methods
1
4 6?
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747. 7KHFKDSWHURIIHUVYHFROOHFWLYHGHFLVLRQVRUZRUVWDJHVfor consideration.
articipation: RIIHUVWRROVIRUEHQHFLDU\LGHQWLFDWLRQ
ptions:RIIHUVWRROVIRULGHQWLI\LQJDQGHYDOXDWLQJGLIIHUHQW
T4.1
1
4 6T4.
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48 4
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Strategy T2
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WUDQVLWLRQDOVHWWOHPHQWDQGUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRSWLRQV
esponse: SURYLGHV D JXLGLQJWRRO IRU EXLOGLQJ EDF PRUH
VDIHO\Methods: rovides information to assist decisions on labour,PDWHULDOVXSSRUWDQGXDOLW\IRUEXLOGLQJEDFPRUHVDIHO\
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748. TKLV WRROLW LV VWUXFWXUHG DURXQG WKHVH YH FROOHFWLYHGHFLVLRQVDQGRIIHUVVXSSRUWWRGHFLVLRQPDHUVE\SURYLGLQJDselection of tools relevant to each decision.
749. URJUDPPHDQGSURHFWPDQDJHUVVKRXOGFRQVLGHUWKHYH
decisions described in Chater 4 of these guidelines in order todevelo an aroriate rogramme and roject lan. The toolsRIIHUHGEHORZDUHQRWH[KDXVWLYHEXWUDWKHUSURYLGHH[DPSOHVRIWKHW\SHRIWRROWKDWPD\EHXVHGZKHQPDLQJGHFLVLRQVfor imlementing transitional settlement and reconstructionrogrammes and rojects.
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lossary of termsTerms 'HQLWLRQ
$FFRXQWDELOLW\ The state of being accountable;liabilit to be called on torender an account.
Aftershocks arthquakes that follow the largest shock of anearthquake sequence. The are smaller than the main
shock and occur within a distance of one to two ruturelengths from the main shock. Aftershocks can continueover a eriod of weeks, months or ears. n general, thelarger the main shock, the larger and more numerous theaftershocks, and the longer the will continue (,htt:earthquake.usgs.gov).
$SDUWPHQWRZQHURFFXSLHU
or the uroses of these guidelines, this term describesthe transitional reconstruction otion where the occuantowns their aartment, a self-contained housing unit thatoccuies onl art of a building, formall or informall.
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34 35
$SDUWPHQWWHQDQW
or the uroses of these guidelines, this term describesthe transitional reconstruction otion where the aartmentis rented b the occuant, formall or informall
$VVHVVPHQW The surve of a real or otential disaster to estimatethe actual or exected damages and to makerecommendations for revention, rearedness,resonse, and reconstruction.
$VVLVWDQFH
methods
or the uroses of these guidelines, this term describes
the variet of material or service contributions that areFRPELQHGDQGRIIHUHGWREHQHFLDULHVLQLPSOHPHQWLQJDtransitional settlement or reconstruction roject.
DVHOLQHGDWD The initial information collected during an assessment,including facts, numbers, and descritions that ermitcomarison with the situation that existed before andmeasurement of the imact of the roject imlemented.
DVLFQHHGV The items that eole need to survive. This can includesafe access to essential goods and services such asfood, water shelter, clothing, health care, sanitation, and
education.LRORJLFDOGLVDVWHU
isaster event caused b exosure of living organisms togerms and toxic substances.
XLOGDFNBetter
Aroach to reconstruction that aims to reducevulnerabilit and imrove living conditions, while alsoromoting a more effective reconstruction rocess.
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HUQDFXODUDUFKLWHFWXUH
7KHGZHOOLQJVDQGRWKHUEXLOGLQJVWKDWUHHFWSHRSOHVenvironmental contexts and available resourcescustomaril owner or communit built, utilising traditionalWHFKQRORJLHV9HUQDFXODUDUFKLWHFWXUHUHHFWVWKHVSHFLFneeds, values, economies and was of life of the culturethat roduces them. The ma be adated or develoedover time as needs and circumstances change.
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or the uroses of these guidelines, this term describesa transitional settlement otion, consistent with theIROORZLQJGHQLWLRQ'LVSODFHGSRSXODWLRQVPD\GHFLGHWR
settle in an urban settlement, or in arts of it unaffectedb the disaster, occuing unclaimed roerties or land,RUVHWWOLQJLQIRUPDOO\&RUVHOOLVDQG9LWDOH
XOQHUDELOLW\ The characteristics of a erson or grou in terms of theircaacit to anticiate, coe with, resist and recover fromWKHLPSDFWRIDQDWXUDORUPDQPDGHKD]DUG&
XOQHUDEOHJURXSV
rous or members of grous articularl exosed to theimacts of hazards, such as dislaced eole, women,the elderl, the disabled, orhans and an grou subject
to discriminationDUQLQJ Mechanisms used to ersuade and enable eole and
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DUQLQJsystems
Mechanisms used to ersuade and enable eole andorganizations to take actions to increase safet andreduce the imacts of a hazard.
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