Screening Diverse Fig Cultivars for Commercial
Potential
Ed Stover-Curator/Research [email protected]
Carlos Crisosto, Malli Aradhya, Louise Ferguson
NCGR Missions:AcquireMaintain
Characterizeand Distribute
Plant Genetic Diversity
• Our Ficus Collection pre 2005–78 named fruit cultivars,
mainly European origin, but also US
–44 regional selections– 28 caprifigs–40 breeder’s selections, mainly UC
Riverside (Condit & Storey)–5 species / interspecific hybrids, most
Ficus species in Miami
Italian 88HacinChater GreenItalian 395Grise de ProvanceCharles AllenItalian 372Green PanacheeCaloia (Los Angeles)Italian 358Green Italian 06BourisotteItalian 320Green German 1920BosnatItalian 281GazirBlue GiantItalian 258Frickmann Long YellowBlack JackItalian 256Figue D’orBig White (Moore)Italian 253Encanto Brown TurkeyBianchi (Polenski)Italian 215EncantoBenaski AdriaticItalian 169Drap D’OrBeers BlackIgoDouble HeaderBecaneHurricaneDokkarBaradaHearty ChicagoDawalkiAsisiHarvey AdriaticDark No. 1 PortugeseAlgerian (Watts)NameNameNamePage 1New Figs received by NCGR 2005-06
StandfordNegro Largo
Spanish AmberNegra (Watts)SierraMonaco
Yougo #7Sal'sMahoYede VernRouge de BordeauxLSU Purple
White RussianRoscoffLSU Gold
White OCRenan's StrawberryLong Yellow (Furtado)Vista Red ItalianLong Yellow
Violette SeporPortuguese WhiteLemon
VioletaOregon Little RedLattarula
Vina #4NSA #1Kop Fiomi
VerdaleNero CesarJurupaNameNameName
Page 2New Figs received by NCGR 2005-06
Some likely already in collection under other names!
MaraboutPersCapri1
VerninoDeanna
DiredoConadria1Conadria2
CapriARoeding3
PersCapriUcr291 4
GulbunSelArchipel
Roeding2Aked
ExcelKarayaprak
StanfordMaslinEdible
BournabatTenaCapriX
PastilierePanachee
PersCapri2MaryLaneDFIC0023AOsbornProlific
SnowdenZidi
YellowNechesSantaCruzLigh
SantaCruzWhitGenoaGenoaWhite
GiantAmberSantaCruzDark
FlandersCeleste
BlanquetteAdriatic
CapriWCapriQ
BarnissotteIschiaBlack
Ucr291IschiaWhiteNativeDe
CalvertVerte
VioletteDeAlma
MissionSanPietro
BrunswickRattlesnake
CapitolaLongDauphinePiedDeBoeuf
StJeanMilco
Kadota1Trojano
KingKadota2
BrownTurkeyColDeDame
VerdalLongueBeall
MonstrueuseIschiaGreen
BlackMadeiraUcr278128
SpPumila1 change
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
Clu
ster
1C
lust
er 1
Clu
ster
2C
lust
er 2
Genetic relationships among the 74 fig accessionsusing Nei and Li distance relationship, Clusters by UPGMA
Use of DNA fingerprints in figs:
•Identify misnamed varieties
•Determine genetic diversity in collection
•Initial effort identified 2 main clusters and 7 groups
•All 4 San Pedro types in Group 6!?
>122 done now, will fingerprint entire collection this year
4 leaves > 6" long103 leaves > 6" long92 leaves > 6" long8largest leaves 6" long7largest leaves 4" long6largest leaves 2" long5multiple leaves apparent41st leaves apparent3some swelling and bract separation2some swelling no bract separation1buds show no swelling or bract separation0
Rate of Shoot Development in Fig Cultivars
101010109785.55K6-5
10109.59.58.58865Orphan
101010988755Marabout-c (Gulbun?)101010987655Kadota
109.58.58.586643.5135-15s
109.59976.5643.5Adriatic
10109.59.586.564.53Panachee
10109.59.58.56.5652.5UCR 276-14
1010897.56542.5White TX Everbearing
109.59.510976.54.52152-4s
10109.5108663.51.5UCR291
98ndndndndndndndKing
97766.55531Golden Celeste
101010107.56.5640.5Marabout
9.5988.5765.54.50.5Brown Turkey
10109.59865.530Zidi
109997.55.553.50Violette de Bordeaux
987765530Mission
1098.58.5854.530Calimyrna
1098.587.54.542.50Snowden
4.29.054.22.054.15.054.8.054.1.053.25.053.18.053.11.053.4.05
Rate of Shoot Development in Fig Cultivars
> note that brebas have been caprified
.030.2512.5UCR291
.060.2525K6-5
.020.3755.5St. Jean
.190.7525Violette de Bordeaux
.150.87517.5UCR 276-14
.350.87540Brown Turkey
.25125Kadota
.25125Mission
.48147.5Orphan
.791.552.5Dauphine
.962.12545135-15s
.252.510Marabout-c B (Gulbun?)1.72.7562.5White Texas Everbearing7.67.625100Kingscoreper branchwith BrebasCultivarBrebaBrebas% Branches
2005 Fig Characterization: Brebas
4.103318.6amberYG w/ yellowWhite TX
7.8604126.7amberGreen/ purpleSt. Jean
6.62010625.5whiteYG w/ yellowOrphan
4.1404320.7dark redBlackMission
0.5205717.4amberYG w/ yellowMarabout C.
5.505715pinkYG w/ greenKing
3.4407315.9amberYG w/ greenK6-5
3.409021.3amberGreen/ purpleDauphine
6.59012317.1amberGreen/ purpleBrown Turkey
4.405816.5amberGreen/yellow135-155
cavity diam(mm)
crack (%)
fruit wt (g)brixInternal colorexternal colorCultivar
Breba Quality
King or Desert King, the breba king (but these are main crop)!
00Marabout-c A (purple)DFIC00300VerteDFIC02600ZidiDFIC03600SnowdenDFIC08700PanacheeDFIC00200Osborne ProlificDFIC07500MaraboutDFIC05100Hative De ArgentileDFIC08600Golden CelesteDFIC16100Col De DameDFIC07400CalimyrnaDFIC05700AdriaticDFIC03200152-4sDFIC060
per branchw/ BrebasBrebas% Branches
2005 Fig Characterization: Brebas
1071075Brown Turkey971580Genoa White982385Celeste5543100Archipel7613107Armenian8512110Ucr 278-1288623110Violette De Bordeaux9613128Pied De Boeuf8518130Excel7617175Giant Amber
9618195Santa Cruz Dark10623200Orphan12828350Yellow Neches
fruiting wood (in)per branchfruit ripeper treecultivarLength / branchNo. fruitPercentNo. ripe
>4 typical branches per tree8.5.05Eary Maturity in Entire Fig Collection
Yellow Neches= earliest bearing for main crop, and most fruit/tree. HOWEVER, small
3=poor persistence2=reasonably persistent1=clearly persistent
12622Marabout-c (Gulbun)
12428Kadota
1106Mission
11824Verte
11514UCR 276-14
smaller in bag?11613Panachee
11919Osborne Prolific
11413Orphan
11116King
11814Brown Turkey
NotesRating*CaprifiedNot CaprifiedNumber of Fruit / 2 Branch
2005 Fig Characterization: Persistence, bagged 5/23/05, assessed 8/18/05
3=poor persistence2=reasonably persistent1=clearly persistent
much smaller in bag3263Snowden
371Marabout
3101Col De Dame
much smaller in bag3132Calimyrna
some fully develop2.564Zidi
much smaller in bag2.5145Golden Celeste
2.560152-4s
274UCR291
inconsistent296135-15s
1.52316White TX Everbearing
1.52322Violette de Bordeaux
1.52319St. Jean
1.5116K6-5
1.51410Adriatic
NotesRating*CaprifiedNot CaprifiedNumber of Fruit / 2 Branch
2005 Fig Characterization: Persistence
0.3723.281.729.041.17Tree Ripe0.6519.250.020.822.99CommercialAdriatic0.2822.267.037.821.53Tree Ripe0.6217.220.540.71.66CommercialKadota0.3320.3368.649.492.29Tree Ripe0.4315.646.342.945.27CommercialCalimyrna0.3324.4550.041.822.23Tree Ripe0.6218.251.035.464.35CommercialWhite TX Everbear0.292189.840.671.76Tree Ripe0.4415.581.037.533.65CommercialMarabout-c Gulbun?0.3119.577.550.721.55Tree Ripe0.5916.385.347.363.28CommercialUCR 291 0.3316.9340.345.072.16Tree Ripe0.5414.749.336.073.35CommercialK6-50.424.268.341.921.83Tree Ripe0.6317.244.839.184.39Commercial135-15s
TA(%)SSC (%)
Color (%)Frt wt (g)
Firm (lb)MaturityCultivar
Fruit Quality: Main Crop
-38.030.918.57.7-51.8% increase tree ripe
0.321.372.638.91.8mean tree ripe
0.616.361.236.13.8mean commercial
0.312396.029.571.8Tree Ripe0.5216.891.528.023.49CommercialMission0.2915.685.056.681.58Tree Ripe0.3813.686.850.392.75CommercialBrown Turkey0.2122.280.049.02Tree Ripe0.4616.684.547.363.79CommercialMarabout0.291868.839.972.12Tree Ripe0.5414.133.335.195.56CommercialDauphine0.42499.557.812.12Tree Ripe0.6217.295.559.014.2CommercialZidi
TA(%)SSC (%)Color (%)Frt wt (g)Firm (lb)MaturityCultivar
Fruit Quality: Main Crop
72438Tree Ripe
201070Commercial+3 days 20°C
01655Tree Ripe
5575Commercial+2 days 20°C
9213067Tree Ripe
1200090Commercial7 days at 0°C
Brown Turkey
(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)stageBlemishCrackingOff colorDecaySoundMaturity
Cultivar/Time
Fruit Quality after Storage
294350Tree Ripe
19073Commercial+3 days 20°C
21050Tree Ripe
6087Commercial+2 days 20°C
34035028Tree Ripe
31016063Commercial7 days at 0°C
Panachee
(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)stageBlemishCrackingOff colorDecaySoundMaturity
Cultivar/Time
Fruit Quality after Storage
73644Tree Ripe
20060Commercial+3 days 20°C
01654Tree Ripe
5071Commercial+2 days 20°C
8108085Tree Ripe
16130090Commercial7 days at 0°C
Zidi
(%)(%)(%)(%)(%)stageBlemishCrackingOff colorDecaySoundMaturity
Cultivar/Time
Fruit Quality after Storage
842117227Violette de Bordeaux
2975121261Calimyrna6477122312Marabout6186127287Snowden1963152352Conadria74116174284Ischia Black4192189426Brown Turkey58108190370Mission
100154215585Blanquette87160222402Bournabat90133224534Panachee86158241411Zidi42110309729UCR 276-1453169350805152-4s61175405920UCR291
# ripe 9.30+# ripe 9.22+# ripe 9.14+# ripe 9.7+
2005 Fig Late Season Ripeness
3.4 browntanK6-53.4 carameltan to brownCalimyrna3.6 brownbrown to dark speckledGolden Celeste3.7 reddish brownmottled tan to dark brownAdriatic3.7 dark brownblackMission3.9 browntanSnowden4.0 caramelmottled tan to blackMarabout4.2 caramelbrownConadria4.2 caramelmottled tan to dark brownOrphan4.2 brownmottled brown to blackPied De Boeuf4.3 reddish brownblackZidi
Quality Color InColor Out
2005 Fig Quality Dried
Tentative Plans for 2006• Broad assessment of flushing, breba production, and
early ripening across entire collection• Assessment of fruit production timing across caprifig
collection• Repeat and expansion of caprification influence• Shelf life and quality assessment in more depth on
fewer cultivars• We look forward to your input!!
DFIC 0023 F. carica x F. palmata
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